§1ἄπνουν ἢ σκοτεινὴν ἢ δυσχείμερον οἰκίαν ἢ νοσώδη φυγεῖν μὲν ἴσως ἄριστον· ἂν δὲ φιλοχωρῇ τις ὑπὸ συνηθείας, ἔστι καὶ φῶτα μεταθέντα καὶ κλίμακα μεταβαλόντα καὶ θύρας τινὰς ἀνοίξαντα τὰς δὲ κλείσαντα, λαμπροτέραν εὐπνουστέραν ὑγιεινοτέραν ἐργάσασθαι.
It is perhaps best to flee a house that is airless or dark or exposed to harsh winter or unhealthy; but if one loves the place out of habit, it is possible, by moving the lights, changing the staircase, and opening some doors while closing others, to make it brighter, airier, and healthier.
καὶ πόλεις τινὲς οὕτω μεταθέντες ὠφέλησαν ὥσπερ τὴν ἐμὴν πατρίδα πρὸς ζέφυρον ἄνεμον κεκλιμένην, καὶ τὸν ἥλιον ἐρείδοντα δείλης ἀπὸ τοῦ Παρνασοῦ δεχομένην ἐπὶ τὰς ἀνατολὰς; τραπῆναι λέγουσιν ὑπὸ τοῦ Χαίρωνος.
And some cities have benefited from being relocated in this way, just as they say my homeland, which was inclined toward the west wind and received the harsh afternoon sun striking from Parnassus, was turned toward the east by Chaeron.
ὁ δὲ φυσικὸς Ἐμπεδοκλῆς ὄρους τινὰ διασφάγα βαρὺν καὶ νοσώδη κατὰ τῶν πεδίων τὸν νότον ἐμπνέουσαν ἐμφράξας, λοιμὸν ἔδοξεν ἐκκλεῖσαι τῆς χώρας.
And the natural philosopher Empedocles, by blocking up a certain cleft of a mountain which blew the heavy and unhealthy south wind down upon the plains, was thought to have shut plague out of the country.
ἐπεὶ τοίνυν ἔστι τινὰ πάθη νοσώδη καὶ βλαβερὰ καὶ χειμῶνα παρέχοντα τῇ ψυχῇ καὶ σκότος, ἄριστον μὲν ἐξωθεῖν ταῦτα καὶ καταλύειν εἰς ἔδαφος, αἰθρίαν καὶ φῶς καὶ πνεῦμα καθαρὸν διδόντας ἑαυτοῖς· εἰ δὲ μή, μεταλαμβάνειν γε καὶ μεθαρμόττειν ἁμωσγέπως περιάγοντας ἢ στρέφοντας.
Since, then, there are certain passions that are unhealthy, harmful, and bring winter and darkness to the soul, it is best to thrust these out and raze them to the ground, giving ourselves clear sky and light and pure air; but if not, we should at least replace and readjust them, turning or twisting them in some way.
οἷον εὐθὺς ἡ πολυπραγμοσύνη φιλομάθειὰ τίς ἐστιν ἀλλοτρίων κακῶν, οὔτε φθόνου δοκοῦσα καθαρεύειν νόσος οὔτε κακοηθείας.
For example, to begin with, curiosity is a kind of desire for knowledge of other people's ills, a disease that seems to be free of neither envy nor malice.
"
τί τἀλλότριον, ἄνθρωπε βασκανώτατε,
κακὸν ὀξυδορκεῖς τὸ δʼ ἴδιον παραβλέπεις; "
μετάθες ἔξωθεν καὶ μετάστρεψον εἴσω τὴν πολυπραγμοσύνην εἰ χαίρεις κακῶν μεταχειριζόμενος ἱστορίαν, ἔχεις οἴκοι πολλὴν διατριβήν·
"Why, O most spiteful man, do you look so sharply at another's ill, but overlook your own?" Transfer your curiosity from the outside and turn it inward, if you enjoy handling the history of ills; you have plenty of occupation at home.
"ὅσσον ὕδωρ κατʼ Ἀλιζόνος ἢ δρυὸς ἀμφὶ πέτηλα,ʼ"
τοσοῦτον πλῆθος εὑρήσεις ἁμαρτημάτων ἐν τῷ βίῳ καὶ παθῶν ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ καὶ παροραμάτων ἐν τοῖς καθήκουσιν.
"As much water as flows down the Alizon, or leaves around an oak," so great a multitude of sins will you find in your life, of passions in your soul, and of oversights in your duties.
ὡς γὰρ ὁ Ξενοφῶν λέγει τοῖς οἰκονομικοῖς ἴδιον εἶναι τῶν ἀμφὶ θυσίαν σκευῶν, ἴδιον τῶν ἀμφὶ δεῖπνα τόπον, ἀλλαχοῦ κεῖσθαι τὰ γεωργικά, χωρὶς τὰ πρὸς πόλεμον· οὕτω σοὶ τὰ μέν ἐστιν ἀπὸ φθόνου κακὰ κείμενα τὰ δʼ ἀπὸ ζηλοτυπίας τὰ δʼ ἀπὸ δειλίας τὰ δʼ ἀπὸ μικρολογίας·
For just as Xenophon says in his *Oeconomicus* that there is a special place for sacrificial vessels, a special place for dining utensils, that agricultural tools lie elsewhere, and those for war are kept separate; so for you, some ills lie arising from envy, others from jealousy, others from cowardice, others from pettiness.
ταῦτʼ ἔπελθε, ταῦτʼ ἀναθεώρησον τὰς εἰς γειτόνων θυρίδας καὶ τὰς παρόδους τῆς πολυπραγμοσύνης ἔμφραξον, ἑτέρας δʼ ἄνοιξον εἰς τὴν ἀνδρωνῖτιν τὴν σεαυτοῦ φερούσας, εἰς τὴν γυναικωνῖτιν, εἰς τὰς τῶν θεραπόντων διαίτας·
Go over these, review these; block up the windows and passages of curiosity that lead to your neighbors, and open others leading to your own men's quarters, women's quarters, and the dwellings of your servants.
ἐνταῦθʼ ἔχει διατριβὰς οὐκ ἀχρήστους οὐδὲ κακοήθεις ἀλλʼ ὠφελίμους καὶ σωτηρίους τὸ φιλοπευθὲς τοῦτο καὶ φιλόπραγμον, ἑκάστου πρὸς ἑαυτὸν λέγοντος
"πῆ παρέβην;
There this inquisitive and meddlesome disposition has occupations that are not useless or malicious, but helpful and salutary, as each one says to himself: "Where did I transgress?
τί δʼ ἔρεξα;
What did I do?
τί μοι δέον οὐκ ἐτελέσθη; " §2νῦν δʼ ὥσπερ ἐν τῷ μύθῳ τὴν Λάμιαν λέγουσιν οἴκοι μὲν εὕδειν τυφλήν, ἐν ἀγγείῳ τινὶ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ἔχουσαν ἀποκειμένους, ἔξω δὲ προϊοῦσαν ἐπιτίθεσθαι καὶ βλέπειν· οὕτως ἡμῶν ἕκαστος ἔξω καὶ πρὸς ἑτέρους τῇ κακονοίᾳ τὴν περιεργίαν ὥσπερ ὀφθαλμὸν ἐντίθησι· τοῖς δʼ ἑαυτῶν ἁμαρτήμασι καὶ κακοῖς πολλάκις περιπταίομεν ὑπʼ ἀγνοίας, ὄψιν ἐπʼ αὐτὰ καὶ φῶς οὐ ποριζόμενοι.
What duty of mine was not completed?" But now, just as they say in the myth that the Lamia sleeps at home blind, having her eyes stored away in some vessel, but when she goes out she puts them in and sees; so each of us, with malice toward others, inserts inquisitiveness like an eye externally; but we often stumble over our own errors and ills through ignorance, because we do not direct our sight and light upon them.
διὸ καὶ τοῖς ἐχθροῖς ὠφελιμώτερός ἐστιν ὁ πολυπράγμων· τὰ γὰρ ἐκείνων ἐλέγχει καὶ προφέρεται καὶ δείκνυσιν αὐτοῖς ἃ δεῖ φυλάξασθαι καὶ διορθῶσαι, τῶν δʼ οἴκοι τὰ πλεῖστα παρορᾷ διὰ τὴν περὶ τὰ ἔξω πτόησιν.
Therefore, the meddlesome person is actually more useful to his enemies; for he exposes and brings forward their affairs and shows them what they must guard against and correct, while he overlooks most of things at home because of his excitement about external matters.
ὁ μὲν γὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς οὐδὲ τῇ μητρὶ διαλεχθῆναι πρότερον ὑπέμεινεν ἢ πυθέσθαι παρὰ τοῦ μάντεως, ὧν ἕνεκʼ ἦλθεν εἰς Ἅιδου· πυθόμενος δὲ τοῦτο πρός τε ταύτην ἔτρεψεν αὑτόν, καὶ τὰς ἄλλας γυναῖκας ἀνέκρινε, τίς ἡ Τυρὼ καί τίς ἡ καλὴ Χλωρὶς καὶ διὰ τί Ἐπικάστη Ἐπικάστη
"ἁψαμένη βρόχον αἰπὺν ἀφʼ ὑψηλοῖο μελάθρου"
ἡμεῖς δὲ τὰ καθʼ αὑτοὺς ἐν πολλῇ ῥᾳθυμίᾳ καὶ ἀγνοίᾳ θέμενοι καὶ ἀμελήσαντες ἑτέρους γενεαλογοῦμεν, ὅτι τοῦ γείτονος ὁ πάππος ἦν Σύρος, Θρᾷττα δʼ ἡ τήθη· ὁ δεῖνα δʼ ὀφείλει τάλαντα τρία καὶ τοὺς τόκους οὐκ ἀπέδωκεν.
For Odysseus did not even submit to converse with his mother until he had inquired of the prophet for what reason he had come to Hades; and having learned this, he turned himself to her, and examined the other women, who Tyro was, and who beautiful Chloris was, and why Epicaste, "having tied a steep noose from the high roof," perished. But we, placing our own affairs in great neglect and ignorance, and disregarding them, trace the genealogies of others, saying that the neighbor's grandfather was a Syrian, and his grandmother a Thracian; and that so-and-so owes three talents and has not paid the interest.
ἐξετάζομεν δὲ καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα πόθεν ἡ γυνὴ τοῦ δεῖνος ἐπανήρχετο, τί δʼ ὁ δεῖνα καὶ ὁ δεῖνα καθʼ ἑαυτοὺς ἐν τῇ γωνίᾳ διελέγοντο.
We also investigate such things as where so-and-so's wife was returning from, and what so-and-so and so-and-so were discussing by themselves in the corner.
Σωκράτης δὲ περιῄει διαπορῶν, τί Πυθαγόρας λὲγων ἔπειθε· καὶ Ἀρίστιππος Ὀλυμπίασιν Ἰσχομάχῳ συμβαλὼν ἠρώτα τί Σωκράτης διαλεγόμενος οὕτω τοὺς Ἀθηναίους διατίθησι· καὶ μίκρʼ ἄττα τῶν λόγων αὐτοῦ σπέρματα καὶ δείγματα λαβὼν οὕτως ἐμπαθῶς ἔσχεν, ὥστε τῷ σώματι συμπεσεῖν καὶ γενέσθαι παντάπασιν ὠχρὸς καὶ ἰσχνός ἄχρι οὗ πλεύσας Ἀθήναζε διψῶν καὶ διακεκαυμένος ἠρύσατο τῆς πηγῆς, καὶ τὸν ἄνδρα καὶ τοὺς λόγους αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν φιλοσοφίαν ἱστόρησεν, ἧς ἦν τέλος ἐπιγνῶναι τὰ ἑαυτοῦ κακὰ καὶ ἀπαλλαγῆναι.
But Socrates went about wondering what Pythagoras meant by his teaching when he persuaded people; and Aristippus, meeting Ischomachus at Olympia, asked what Socrates said in his conversations that so affected the Athenians; and having received some small seeds and samples of his discourses, he was so passionately affected that his body collapsed and he became altogether pale and thin, until he sailed to Athens, and, thirsty and burning, drank from the spring, and searched out the man, his discourses, and his philosophy, whose end was to recognize one's own ills and get rid of them.