§3αἱ πόλεις δήπουθεν, ὅταν ἔκδοσιν ναῶν ἢ κολοσσῶν προγράφωσιν, ἀκροῶνται τῶν τεχνιτῶν ἁμιλλωμένων περὶ τῆς ἐργολαβίας καὶ λόγους καὶ παραδείγματα κομιζόντων εἶθʼ αἱροῦνται τὸν ἀπʼ ἐλάττονος δαπάνης ταὐτὸ ποιοῦντα καὶ βέλτιον καὶ τάχιον.
Cities, to be sure, when they advertise contracts for temples or colossal statues, listen to the craftsmen competing for the undertaking and bringing their arguments and models, and then they choose the one who, at less expense, does the same work both better and faster.
φέρε δὴ καὶ ἡμᾶς ἔκδοσίν τινα βίου καὶ ἀνθρώπου κακοδαίμονος προκηρύσσειν, εἶτα προσιέναι τῇ ἐργολαβίᾳ τὴν Τύχην καὶ τὴν Κακίαν διαφερομένας· τὴν μὲν ὀργάνων τε παντοδαπῶν κατάπλεων καὶ παρασκευῆς πολυτελοῦς εἰς ἀπεργασίαν κακοδαίμονος ζωῆς καὶ οἰκτρᾶς, λῃστήρια τινα καὶ πολέμους καὶ τυράννων μιαιφονίας καὶ χειμῶνας ἐκ θαλάττης καὶ κεραυνὸν ἐξ ἀέρος ἐφελκομένην καὶ κώνεια τρίβουσαν καὶ ξίφη φέρουσαν καὶ συκοφάντας ξενολογοῦσαν καὶ πυρετοὺς ἐξάπτουσαν καὶ πέδας περικρούουσαν καὶ περιοικοδομοῦσαν εἱρκτάς·
Come now, let us also proclaim a certain public bidding for a life and for a miserable man, and then let Fortune and Vice approach to compete for the undertaking; the one full of all kinds of tools and expensive preparation for the completion of a miserable and wretched life, dragging along some robber bands and wars and slaughters of tyrants, and tempests from the sea and lightning from the air, and grinding hemlock and carrying swords and recruiting sycophants and kindling fevers and striking fetters around and building prisons; though most of these belong to Vice rather than to Fortune, yet let them all be Fortune's.
καίτοι τούτων τὰ πλεῖστα τῆς Κακίας μᾶλλον ἢ τῆς Τύχης ἐστίν ἀλλὰ πάντʼ ἔστω τῆς Τύχης. ἡ δὲ Κακία παρεστῶσα γυμνὴ καὶ μηδενὸς δεομένη τῶν ἔξωθεν ἐπὶ τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐρωτάτω καὶ τὴν Τύχην, πῶς ποιήσει κακοδαίμονα καὶ ἄθυμον τὸν ἄνθρωπον.
But Vice, standing by naked and needing nothing from the outside, let her ask both the man and Fortune how she will make the man miserable and disheartened.
τύχη, πενίαν ἀπειλεῖς;
"Fortune, do you threaten poverty?
καταγελᾷ σου Μητροκλῆς, ὃς χειμῶνος ἐν τοῖς προβάτοις καθεύδων καὶ θέρους ἐν τοῖς προπυλαίοις τῶν ἱερῶν τὸν ἐν Βαβυλῶνι χειμάζοντα καὶ περὶ Μηδίαν θερίζοντα Περσῶν βασιλέα περὶ εὐδαιμονίας εἰς ἀγῶνα προυκαλεῖτο.
Metrocles laughs at you, who, sleeping in winter among the sheep and in summer in the vestibules of the temples, challenged to a contest concerning happiness the Persian king who wintered in Babylon and harvested in Media.
δουλείαν καὶ δεσμὰ καὶ πρᾶσιν ἐπάγεις;
Do you bring slavery and bonds and sale?
καταφρονεῖ σου Διογένης, ὃς ὑπὸ τῶν λῃστῶν πωλούμενος ἐκήρυττε
τίς ὠνήσασθαι βούλεται κύριον; κύλικα φαρμάκου ταράττεις;
Diogenes despises you, who, when being sold by pirates, cried out: 'Who wants to buy a master?' Do you mix a cup of poison?
οὐχὶ καὶ Σωκράτει ταύτην προύπιες, ὁ δʼ ἵλεως καὶ πρᾶος, οὐ τρέσας οὐδὲ διαφθείρας οὔτε χρώματος οὐδὲν οὔτε σχήματος μάλʼ εὐκόλως ἐξέπιεν;
Did you not offer this also to Socrates? And he, serene and gentle, neither trembling nor changing at all either his color or his posture, drank it off very easily.
ἀποθνῄσκοντα δʼ αὐτὸν ἐμακάριζον οἱ ζῶντες, ὡς οὐδʼ ἐν Ἅιδου θείας ἄνευ μοίρας ἐσόμενον.
And as he was dying, those who lived called him blessed, as one who would not be without a divine destiny even in Hades.
καὶ μὴν τὸ πῦρ σου Δέκιος ὁ Ῥωμαίων στρατηγὸς προέλαβεν, ὅτε τῶν στρατοπέδων ἐν μέσῳ πυρὰν νήσας τῷ Κρόνῳ κατʼ εὐχὴν αὐτὸς ἑαυτὸν ἐκαλλιέρησεν ὑπὲρ τῆς ἡγεμονίας.
And indeed, Decius, the Roman commander, anticipated your fire when, having piled a pyre in the midst of the camps, he offered himself as a beautiful sacrifice to Saturn (Cronus) according to his vow on behalf of the empire.
Ἰνδῶν δὲ φίλανδροι καὶ σώφρονες γυναῖκες ὑπὲρ τοῦ πυρὸς ἐρίζουσι καὶ μάχονται πρὸς ἀλλήλας, τὴν δὲ νικήσασαν τεθνηκότι τῷ ἀνδρὶ συγκαταφλεγῆναι μακαρίαν ᾅδουσιν αἱ λοιπαί.
And the husband-loving and chaste women of the Indians dispute about the fire and fight with one another, and the rest sing the winning woman blessed as she is burned together with her dead husband.
τῶν δʼ ἐκεῖ σοφῶν οὐδεὶς ζηλωτὸς οὐδὲ μακαριστός ἐστιν, ἂν μὴ ζῶν ἔτι καὶ φρονῶν καὶ ὑγιαίνων τοῦ σώματος τὴν ψυχὴν πυρὶ διαστήσῃ, καὶ καθαρὸς ἐκβῇ τῆς σαρκὸς ἐκνιψάμενος τὸ θνητόν.
And of the wise men there, no one is envied or called blessed unless, while still living, rational, and healthy in body, he separates his soul from his body by fire, and departs pure from the flesh, having washed away his mortal part.
ἀλλʼ ἐξ οὐσίας λαμπρᾶς καὶ οἴκου καὶ τραπέζης καὶ πολυτελείας εἰς τρίβωνα καὶ πήραν καὶ προσαίτησιν ἐφημέρου τροφῆς κατάξεις;
But will you bring one down from a brilliant estate, house, table, and luxury into a threadbare cloak, a wallet, and begging for daily food?
ταῦτʼ εὐδαιμονίας ἀρχαὶ Διογένει, ταῦτʼ ἐλευθερίας Κράτητι καὶ δόξης.
These were the beginnings of happiness for Diogenes, and of freedom and glory for Crates.
ἀλλʼ εἰς σταυρὸν καθηλώσεις ἢ σκόλοπι πήξεις;
But will you nail him to a cross or impale him on a stake?
καὶ τί Θεοδώρῳ μέλει, πότερον ὑπὲρ γῆς ἢ ὑπὸ γῆς σήπεται;
And what does Theodorus care whether he rots above the earth or under the earth?
Σκυθῶν εὐδαίμονες ταφαὶ αὗται· Ὑρκανῶν δὲ κύνες Βακτριανῶν δʼ ὄρνιθες νεκροὺς ἐσθίουσι κατὰ νόμους, ὅταν μακαρίου τέλους τυγχάνωσιν. §4τίνας οὖν ταῦτα κακοδαίμονας ποιεῖ;
These are the happy burials of the Scythians; and for the Hyrcanians dogs, and for the Bactrians birds, devour the dead according to their laws, when they meet a blessed end." "Who, then, does this make miserable?
τοὺς ἀνάνδρους καὶ ἀλογίστους, τοὺς ἀτρίπτους καὶ ἀγυμνάστους, τοὺς ἐκ νηπίων ἃς ἔχουσι δόξας φυλάττοντας.
The unmanly and irrational, the untrained and unexercised, who guard from infancy the opinions they hold.
οὐκοῦν οὐκ ἔστιν ἡ Τύχη κακοδαιμονίας τελεσιουργός, ἂν μὴ κακίαν ἔχῃ συνεργοῦσαν.
Therefore, Fortune is not the accomplisher of misery, unless she has Vice cooperating with her.
ὡς γὰρ ἡ κρόκη τὸ ὀστέον πρίει τέφρᾳ καὶ ὄξει διάβροχον γενόμενον, καὶ τὸν ἐλέφαντα τῷ ζύθει μαλακὸν γενόμενον καὶ χαλῶντα κάμπτουσι καὶ διασχηματίζουσιν, ἄλλως δʼ οὐ δύνανται· οὕτως ἡ τύχη τὸ πεπονθὸς ἐξ αὑτοῦ καὶ μαλακὸν ὑπὸ κακίας προσπεσοῦσα κοιλαίνει καὶ τιτρώσκει.
For just as the thread saws the bone when it has been soaked in ashes and vinegar, and they bend and shape elephant ivory when it has become soft and yielding by beer, but otherwise they cannot; so Fortune, falling upon that which is already affected of itself and made soft by Vice, hollows and wounds it.
καὶ καθάπερ ὁ παρθικὸς ὀπὸς τῶν ἄλλων οὐδενὶ βλαβερὸς ὢν οὐδὲ λυπῶν ἁπτομένους καὶ περιφέροντας, ἐὰν τετρωμένοις ἐπεισενεχθῇ μόνον, εὐθὺς ἀπόλλυσι τῷ προσπεπονθότι καὶ τὴν ἀπορροὴν δεχομένῳ· ὑπὸ τῆς τύχης συντριβήσεσθαι μέλλοντα ἴδιον ἕλκος ἐν ἑαυτῷ καὶ κακὸν ἔχειν σαρκός, ὅκως τὰ προσπίπτοντα ἔξωθεν ὀδυρτὰ ποιήσῃ. §5ἆρʼ οὖν ἡ κακία τοιοῦτον ὥστε τῆς τύχης δεῖσθαι πρὸς κακοδαιμονίας ἀπεργασίαν;
And just as the Parthian juice, being harmful to none of the others nor troubling those who touch and carry it about, if only it is introduced to the wounded, immediately destroys them because of their predisposed state and acceptance of the discharge; so he who is about to be crushed by Fortune must have his own wound and the evil of the flesh within himself, so that the things falling upon him from without may make him lament." "Is Vice, then, such a thing as to need Fortune for the production of misery?
πόθεν;
By no means.
οὐ τραχὺ καὶ δυσχείμερον ἐπαίρεται πέλαγος, οὐ λῃστῶν ἐνοδίοις διαζώννυσιν ἐνέδραις ἐρήμους ὑπωρείας, οὐ νέφη χαλαζοβόλα πεδίοις περιρρήγνυσι καρποφόροις, οὐ Μέλητον οὐδʼ Ἄνυτον οὐδὲ Καλλίξενον ἐπείγει συκοφάντην, οὐκ ἀφαιρεῖται πλοῦτον, οὐκ ἀπείργει στρατηγίας, ἵνα ποιήσῃ κακοδαίμονας· ἀλλὰ ποιεῖ πλουτοῦντας, εὐφοροῦντας, κληρονομοῦντας ἐν γῇ, διὰ θαλάττης ἐνδέδυκε, προσπέφυκεν, ἐκτήκουσα ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις, διακάουσα τοῖς θυμοῖς, συντρίβουσα ταῖς δεισιδαιμονίαις, διασύρουσα τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς.
She does not raise up a rough and tempestuous sea, she does not gird deserted foothills with roadside ambushes of robbers, she does not burst hail-bearing clouds over fruitful plains, she does not urge on a sycophant like Meletus or Anytus or Callixenus to make men miserable; but she makes them miserable when they are rich, prosperous, inheriting land, having entered into them through the sea, having clung to them, melting them with desires, burning them with angers, crushing them with superstitions, and tearing them to pieces with their eyes."