§2#1ὅρα περὶ τοὺς γάμους ὅσον ἐστὶν ἐν τοῖς ζῴοις τὸ κατὰ φύσιν.
Look at the relation to marriage, how great is that which is according to nature among animals.
πρῶτον οὐκ ἀναμένει νόμους ἀγαμίου καὶ ὀψιγαμίου, καθάπερ οἱ Λυκούργου πολῖται καὶ Σόλωνος οὐδʼ ἀτιμίας ἀτέκνων δέδοικεν, οὐδὲ τιμὰς διώκει τρίπαιδας, ὡς Ῥωμαίων πολλοὶ γαμοῦσι καὶ γεννῶσιν, οὐχ ἳνα κληρονόμους ἔχωσιν ἀλλʼ ἵνα κληρονομεῖν δύνωνται.
First, they do not wait for laws against celibacy and late marriage, as do the citizens of Lycurgus and Solon, nor do they fear the loss of civic rights for childlessness, nor do they pursue the honors of having three children, in the way that many of the Romans marry and beget, not so that they may have heirs, but so that they may be able to inherit.
ἔπειτα μίγνυται τῷ θήλει τὸ ἄρρεν οὐχ ἅπαντα χρόνον· ἡδονὴν γὰρ οὐκ ἔχει τέλος ἀλλὰ γέννησιν καὶ τέκνωσιν.
Next, the male does not couple with the female at all times; for it does not have pleasure as its end, but generation and procreation.
διὰ τοῦτʼ ἔτους ὥρᾳ, ἣ πνοάς τε γονίμους ἔχει καὶ πρόσφορον λοχευομένοις κρᾶσιν, συνῆλθεν εἰς ταὐτὸ τῷ ἄρρενι τὸ θῆλυ χειρόηθες καὶ ποθεινόν, ἡδείᾳ μὲν ὀσμῇ χρωτὸς ἰδίῳ δὲ κόσμῳ σώματος ἀγαλλόμενον, δρόσου καὶ βοτάνης ἀνάπλεων. καθαρᾶς·
For this reason, at the season of the year which has both fertile breezes and a temperament suitable for those giving birth, the female comes to the same place with the male, docile and full of longing, rejoicing in the sweet scent of her skin and her own bodily adornment, filled with dew and clean grass.
αἰσθόμενον δʼ ὅτι κύει καὶ πεπλήρωται, κοσμίως ἄπεισι καὶ προνοεῖ περὶ τὴν κύησιν καὶ σωτηρίαν τοῦ ἀποτεχθέντος.
And when she perceives that she is pregnant and completed, she departs decorously and takes forethought for her pregnancy and the safety of her offspring.
ἀξίως δʼ οὐκ ἔστιν εἰπεῖν τὰ δρώμενα, πλὴν ὅτι γίγνεται ἕκαστον αὐτῶν ἐν τῷ φιλοστόργῳ, ταῖς προνοίαις, ταῖς καρτερίαις, ταῖς ἐγκρατείαις.
It is impossible to describe their actions worthily, except that each of them takes place in affection, in forethought, in endurance, and in self-control.
ἀλλὰ τὴν μέλιτταν ἡμεῖς σοφὴν καλοῦμεν καὶ νομίζομεν
"ξανθὸν μέλι μηδομέναν"
κολακεύοντες τὸ ἡδὺ καὶ γαργαλίζον ἡμᾶς τῆς γλυκύτητος· τὴν δὲ τῶν ἄλλων περὶ τὰς λοχείας καὶ τὰς ἀνατροφὰς σοφίαν καὶ τέχνην παρορῶμεν.
But we call the bee wise and think of her as "devising yellow honey," flattering that which pleases and tickles us with its sweetness; but we overlook the wisdom and skill of other animals regarding birth and rearing.
οἷον εὐθύς, ἡ ἁλκυὼν κύουσα τὴν νεοττιὰν συντίθησι, συλλαμβάνουσα τὰς ἀκάνθας τῆς θαλαττίας βελόνης καὶ ταύτας διʼ ἀλλήλων ἐγκαταπλέκουσα καὶ συνείρουσα, τὸ μὲν σχῆμα περιαγὲς ὡς ἁλιευτικοῦ κύρτου καὶ πρόμηκες ἀπεργάζεται· τῇ δʼ ἁρμονίᾳ καὶ πυκνότητι συμφράξασα τὰς ἀκάνθας ἀκριβῶς ὑπέθηκε τῷ κλύσματι τοῦ κύματος, ὡς τυπτόμενον ἡσυχῆ καὶ πηγνύμενον τὸ πίλημα τῆς ἐπιφανείας στεγανὸν γένηται· γίγνεται δὲ σιδήρῳ καὶ λίθῳ δυσδιαίρετον.
For example, at once, the halcyon when pregnant constructs her nest, collecting the spines of the sea-needle and weaving and binding them through one another, and makes its shape rounded like a fisherman's creel and elongated; and having blocked up the spines precisely with its close jointing and density, she places it under the wash of the wave, so that, by being gently beaten and compacted, the felted surface becomes watertight; and it becomes difficult to divide even with iron and stone.
ὃ δʼ ἐστὶ θαυμασιώτερον, οὕτω τὸ στόμα τῆς νεοττιᾶς συμμέτρως πέπλασται πρὸς τὸ μέγεθος καὶ τὸ μέτρον τῆς ἁλκυόνος, ὥστε μήτε μεῖζον ἄλλο μήτε μικρότερον ἐνδύεσθαι ζῷον, ὡς δέ φασι, μηδὲ θάλατταν παραδέχεσθαι μηδὲ τὰ ἐλάχιστα.
And what is more wonderful, the mouth of the nest is so symmetrically molded to the size and measure of the halcyon, that no other animal, larger or smaller, can enter, and, as they say, not even the sea, not even in the smallest quantity, can find entrance.
μάλιστα δʼ οἱ γαλεοὶ ζῳογονοῦσι μὲν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς, ἐκβαίνειν δὲ παρέχουσιν ἐκτὸς καὶ νέμεσθαι τοῖς σκυμνίοις, εἶτα πάλιν ἀναλαμβάνουσι καὶ περιπτύσσουσιν ἐγκοιμώμενα τοῖς σπλάγχνοις.
Especially, sharks are viviparous indeed within themselves, but they allow their pups to go outside and feed, and then they receive them back and wrap them around as they sleep in their entrails.
ἡ δʼ ἄρκτος, ἀγριώτατον καὶ σκυθρωπότατον θηρίον, ἄμορφα καὶ ἄναρθρα τίκτει· τῇ δὲ γλώττῃ καθάπερ ἐργαλείῳ διατυποῦσα τοὺς ὑμένας οὐ δοκεῖ γεννᾶν μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ δημιουργεῖν τὸ τέκνον.
And the bear, the wildest and most sullen beast, gives birth to shapeless and unformed offspring; but by shaping the membranes with her tongue as though with an instrument, she seems not only to bring forth but even to fashion her offspring.
ὁ δʼ Ὁμηρικὸς λέων,
"
ᾧ ῥά τε νήπιʼ ἄγοντι συναντήσωνται ἐν ὕλῃ
ἄνδρες ἐπακτῆρες, ὁ δέ τε σθένεϊ βλεμεαίνει,
πᾶν δὲ τʼ ἐπισκύνιον κάτω ἕλκεται ὄσσε καλύπτων
"
And the Homeric lion, "whom hunters meet in the forest when he is leading his young, and he glares in his strength, and draws down all his brow, covering his eyes."