Humanitext Reader

Plutarch · On Tranquillity of Mind §7

Accepting Imperfections in Others and Maintaining Calm

Passage 4 of 13 · Greek

Summary

Plutarch advises Paccius to accept the flawed characters of those around him like tools and handle them calmly, pointing out that one's disturbance arises from self-love rather than a hatred of evil, and that dealing with affairs lightly fosters mildness toward people.

§7τοὺς δὲ πολλοὺς οὐ μόνον τὰ τῶν φίλων καὶ οἰκείων ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ τῶν ἐχθρῶν ἀνιᾷ καὶ παροξύνει κακά.
But as for the majority of people, not only the misfortunes of their friends and relatives but also the evils of their enemies distress and provoke them.
βλασφημίαι γὰρ καὶ ὀργαὶ καὶ φθόνοι καὶ κακοήθειαι καὶ ζηλοτυπίαι μετὰ δυσμενείας αὐτῶν μέν εἰσι τῶν ἐχόντων κῆρες, ἐνοχλοῦσι δὲ καὶ παροξύνουσι τοὺς ἀνοήτους· ὥσπερ ἀμέλει καὶ γειτόνων ἀκραχολίαι καὶ συνήθων δυσκολίαι καὶ τῶν περὶ τὰς πράξεις ὑπουργῶν μοχθηρίαι τινές.
For slanders, angers, envies, malices, and jealousies accompanied by ill-will are plagues to those who possess them, but they also annoy and provoke the foolish; just as, indeed, do the quick tempers of neighbors, the difficult ways of associates, and certain knaveries of assistants in affairs.
ὑφʼ ὧν οὐχ ἣκιστά μοι δοκεῖς καὶ αὐτὸς ἐπιταραττόμενος, ὥσπερ οἱ Σοφοκλέους ἰατροὶ "πικρὰν χολὴν κλύζουσι φαρμάκῳ πικρῷ" οὕτως ἀντιχαλεπαίνειν καὶ συνεκπικραίνεσθαι τοῖς ἐκείνων πάθεσι καὶ νοσήμασιν, οὐκ εὐλόγως.
By these things you yourself seem to me to be not least disturbed, and, like Sophocles' physicians who "wash away bitter bile with bitter medicine "thus to be angry in return and to be embittered along with their passions and diseases, not with good reason.
ἃ γὰρ πράττεις πράγματα πεπιστευμένος, οὐχ ἁπλοῖς ἤθεσιν οὐδὲ χρηστοῖς ὥσπερ εὐφυέσιν ὀργάνοις ἀλλὰ καρχάροις τὰ πολλὰ καὶ σκολιοῖς διακονεῖται.
For the affairs which you are entrusted to manage are served, not by simple or good characters as if by well-adapted instruments, but for the most part by jagged and crooked ones.
τὸ μὲν οὖν ἀπευθύνειν ταῦτα μὴ νόμιζε σὸν ἔργον εἶναι μηδʼ ἄλλως ῥᾴδιον· ἂν δʼ ὡς τοιούτοις αὐτοῖς πεφυκόσι χρώμενος, ὥσπερ ἰατρὸς ὀδοντάγραις καὶ ἀγκτῆρσιν, ἤπιος φαίνῃ καὶ μέτριος ἐκ τῶν ἐνδεχομένων, εὐφρανῇ τῇ σῇ διαθέσει μᾶλλον ἢ λυπήσει ταῖς ἑτέρων ἀηδίαις καὶ μοχθηρίαις· καὶ ὥσπερ κύνας ἂν ὑλακτῶσι, τὸ προσῆκον αὐτοῖς ἐκείνους οἰόμενος περαίνειν, ἐπιλήσῃ πολλὰ λυπηρὰ συνάγων, ὥσπερ εἰς χωρίον κοῖλον καὶ ταπεινὸν ἐπιρρέοντα, τὴν μικροψυχίαν ταύτην καὶ τὴν ἀσθένειαν, ἀλλοτρίων ἀναπιμπλαμένην κακῶν.
Therefore, do not think that straightening these is your task, nor is it otherwise easy; but if, treating them as being such by nature, just as a physician uses tooth-extractors and clamps, you appear gentle and moderate as far as possible, you will rejoice in your own disposition rather than be grieved by the unpleasantness and badness of others; and if dogs bark, thinking that they are doing what is proper for them, you will forget gathering many painful things and letting them flow, as if into a hollow and low place, into this narrow-mindedness and weakness which is filled with others' evils.
ὅπου γὰρ ἔνιοι τῶν φιλοσόφων καὶ τὸν ἔλεον ψέγουσι πρὸς ἀτυχοῦντας ἀνθρώπους γιγνόμενον, ὡς καλοῦ τοῦ βοηθεῖν οὐ τοῦ συναλγεῖν καὶ συνενδιδόναι τοῖς πλησίον ὄντος· ὃ δὲ μεῖζόν ἐστιν, οὐδʼ αὑτῶν ἁμαρτανόντων καὶ διακειμένων φαύλως τὸ ἦθος αἰσθανομένους ἀθυμεῖν καὶ δυσφορεῖν ἐῶσιν, ἀλλὰ θεραπεύειν ἄνευ λύπης τὴν κακίαν δεῖ· σκόπει πῶς οὐκ ἄλογόν ἐστι περιορᾶν αὑτούς, ὅτι μὴ πάντες εἰσὶν οἱ χρώμενοι καὶ προσιόντες ἡμῖν ἐπιεικεῖς καὶ χαρίεντες, ἀχθομένους καὶ δυσκολαίνοντας.
For where some of the philosophers even censure pity directed toward unfortunate people, on the ground that while helping is good, suffering along with and giving in with one's neighbors is not; and what is greater, they do not even allow men, when they perceive themselves erring and having their character in a bad state, to be dejected and distressed, but they say one must cure vice without pain; consider how irrational it is to neglect ourselves and to be vexed and disgruntled just because not all those who deal with and approach us are reasonable and pleasant.
ἀλλʼ ὅρα, φίλε Πάκκιε, μὴ λανθάνομεν ἑαυτοὺς οὐ τὸ καθόλου τῆς μοχθηρίας τῶν ἐντυγχανόντων ἀλλὰ τὸ πρὸς ἡμᾶς ὑπὸ φιλαυτίας τινὸς οὐ μισοπονηρίας προβαλλόμενοι καὶ δεδοικότες.
But see, dear Paccius, lest we deceive ourselves, objecting to and fearing not the general badness of those we meet, but that which is directed against us, out of some self-love rather than hatred of evil.
αἱ γὰρ σφοδραὶ περὶ τὰ πράγματα πτοῖαι καὶ παρʼ ἀξίαν ἐφέσεις καὶ διώξεις ἢ πάλιν ἀποστροφαὶ καὶ διαβολαὶ τὰς πρὸς ἀνθρώπους ἐγγεννῶσιν ὑποψίας καὶ δυσκολίας, ὑφʼ ὧν τὰ μὲν ἀποστερεῖσθαι τοῖς δὲ περιπίπτειν δοκοῦμεν.
For violent excitements about affairs, and undeserved desires and pursuits, or again, aversions and slanders, engender suspicions and difficulties toward people, because of which we seem to be deprived of some things and to fall into others.
ὁ δὲ τοῖς πράγμασιν ἐθισθεὶς ἐλαφρῶς συμπεριφέρεσθαι καὶ μετρίως εὐκολώτατος ἀνθρώποις ὁμιλεῖν γίγνεται καὶ πραότατος; .
But he who has accustomed himself to bear with affairs lightly and moderately becomes most easy-tempered and mildest in dealing with people.

Notes

  1. 468bὑφʼ ὧν οὐχ ἧκιστά μοι δοκεῖς ... οὕτως ἀντιχαλεπαίνειν — The verb δοκεῖς ('you seem') takes the nominative participle ἐπιταραττόμενος in a personal construction ('you seem to be disturbed'). The subsequent infinitive phrase οὕτως ἀντιχαλεπαίνειν... also depends directly on δοκεῖς, expressing the consequence of the perceived state ('and thus you seem to be angry in return').
  2. 468dἐπιλήσῃ πολλὰ λυπηρὰ συνάγων — The verb ἐπιλήσῃ (future second-person singular or subjunctive of ἐπιλανθάνομαι) is used here with the participle συνάγων to mean 'you will forget (or cease) gathering'. The subject is advised to cease compiling distressing matters and letting them flow (ἐπιρρέοντα) into the weakness of one's own soul.

Cite this passage

Plutarch, On Tranquillity of Mind §7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg096.humanitext-grc2:7

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