§5Ἐπικῆς μὲν οὖν ποιήσεως ἡ πόλις οὐκ ἔσχηκεν ἔνδοξον δημιουργὸν οὐδὲ μελικῆς.
Thus, the city possessed no illustrious creator of epic poetry, nor of lyric poetry.
ὁ γὰρ Κινησίας ἀργαλέος ἔοικε ποιητὴς γεγονέναι διθυράμβων· καὶ αὐτὸς μὲν ἄγονος καὶ ἀκλεὴς γέγονε, σκωπτόμενος σὲ καὶ χλευαζόμενος ὑπὸ τῶν κωμῳδιοποιῶν οὐκ εὐτυχοῦς δόξης μετέσθηκε.
For Cinesias seems to have been a troublesome poet of dithyrambs; and he himself became childless and inglorious, and being mocked and ridiculed by the comic poets, he shared in an unfortunate reputation.
τῶν δὲ δραματοποιῶν τὴν μὲν κωμῳδιοποιίαν οὕτως ἄσεμνον ἡγοῦντο καὶ φορτικόν, ὥστε νόμος ἦν μηδένα ποιεῖν κωμῳδίας Ἀρεοπαγίτην.
And among the dramatists, they considered comedy-making so undignified and vulgar that there was a law that no Areopagite should make comedies.
ἤνθησε δʼ ἡ τραγῳδία καὶ διεβοήθη, θαυμαστὸν ἀκρόαμα καὶ θέαμα τῶν τότʼ ἀνθρώπων γενομένη καὶ παρασχοῦσα τοῖς μύθοις καὶ τοῖς πάθεσιν ἀπάτην, ὡς Γοργίας φησίν, ἣν ὃ τʼ ἀπατήσας δικαιότερος τοῦ μὴ ἀπατήσαντος, καὶ ὁ ἀπατηθεὶς σοφώτερος τοῦ μὴ ἀπατηθέντος.
But tragedy flourished and was widely acclaimed, becoming a wonderful thing to hear and see for the men of that time, and offering deception through its myths and passions, as Gorgias says, in which the deceiver is more just than the one who does not deceive, and the deceived is wiser than the one who is not deceived.
ὁ μὲν γὰρ ἀπατήσας δικαιότερος, ὅτι τοῦθʼ ὑποσχόμενος πεποίηκεν· ὁ δʼ ἀπατηθεὶς σοφώτερος· εὐάλωτον γὰρ ὑφʼ ἡδονῆς λόγων τὸ μὴ ἀναίσθητον.
For the deceiver is more just, because having promised this, he has done it; and the deceived is wiser, for that which is not insensitive is easily captured by the pleasure of words.
τίνʼ οὖν αἱ καλαὶ τραγῳδίαι ταῖς Ἀθήναις ὄνησιν ἤνεγκαν ὡς ἡ Θεμιστοκλέους δεινότης ἐτείχισε τὴν πόλιν, ὡς ἡ Περικλέους ἐπιμέλεια τὴν ἄκραν ἐκόσμησεν, ὡς Μιλτιάδης ἠλευθέρωσεν, ὡς Κίμων προῆγεν εἰς τὴν ἡγεμονίαν;
What benefit, then, did the fine tragedies bring to Athens, such as the cleverness of Themistocles walled the city, or the care of Pericles adorned the citadel, or Miltiades liberated it, or Cimon led it forward to hegemony?
εἰ οὕτως ἡ Εὐριπίδου σοφία καὶ ἡ Σοφοκλέους λογιότης καὶ τὸ Αἰσχύλου στόμα τι τῶν δυσχερῶν ἀπήλλαξεν ἤ τι τῶν λαμπρῶν περιεποίησεν, ἄξιόν γε τὰ δράματα τοῖς τροπαίοις ἀντιπαραθεῖναι καὶ τῷ στρατηγίῳ τὸ θέατρον ἀνταναστῆσαι καὶ ταῖς ἀριστείαις τὰς διδασκαλίας ἀντιπαραβαλεῖν.
If in this way the wisdom of Euripides, the eloquence of Sophocles, and the mouth of Aeschylus freed us from any of our difficulties or acquired any of our splendors, then indeed it would be worthy to compare the plays with the trophies, to set up the theater against the generalship, and to compare the productions with the brave deeds.
§6βούλεσθε τοὺς ἄνδρας εἰσάγωμεν αὐτοὺς τὰ σύμβολα καὶ τὰ παράσημα τῶν ἔργων κομίζοντας, ἰδίαν ἑκατέρῳ πάροδον ἀποδόντες;
Do you wish that we introduce the men themselves, carrying the symbols and insignia of their deeds, assigning to each his own entrance-way?
ἔνθεν μὲν δὴ προσίτωσαν ὑπʼ αὐλοῖς καὶ λύραις ποιηταὶ λέγοντες καὶ ᾄδοντες,
"
εὐφημεῖν χρὴ κἀξίστασθαι τοῖς ἡμετέροισι χοροῖσιν
ὅστις ἄπειρος τοιῶνδε λόγων ἢ γνώμην μὴ καθαρεύει,
ἢ γενναίων ὄργια Μουσῶν μήτʼ ᾖσεν μήτʼ ἐχόρευσε,
μηδὲ Κρατίνου τοῦ ταυροφάγου γλώττης βακχεῖʼ ἐτελέσθη,
"
καὶ σκευὰς καὶ προσωπεῖα καὶ βωμοὺς καὶ μηχανὰς ἀπὸ σκηνῆς καὶ περιάκτους καὶ τρίποδας ἐπινικίους κομίζοντες τραγικοὶ δʼ αὐτοῖς ὑποκριταὶ καὶ Νικόστρατοι καὶ Καλλιππίδαι καὶ Μυννίσκοι καὶ Θεόδωροι καὶ Πῶλοι συνίτωσαν, ὥσπερ γυναικὸς πολυτελοῦς τῆς τραγῳδίας κομμωταὶ καὶ διφροφόροι, μᾶλλον δʼ ὡς ἀγαλμάτων ἐγκαυσταὶ καὶ χρυσωταὶ καὶ βαφεῖς παρακολουθοῦντες·
From this side, indeed, let the poets approach with flutes and lyres, speaking and singing: "Silence must be kept, and one must stand aside from our choruses, whoever is inexperienced in such words or is not pure in mind, or has neither sung nor danced the mysteries of the noble Muses, nor has been initiated into the Bacchic rites of the tongue of Cratinus the bull-eater..." And carrying costumes and masks and altars and machines from the stage and periaktoi and victorious tripods, let tragic actors—Nicostrati, Callippidae, Mynnici, Theodori, and Poli—accompany them, just as hair-dressers and chair-bearers of a luxurious woman, Tragedy, or rather, following as encaustic painters, gilders, and dyers of statues.
σκευῶν δὲ καὶ προσώπων καὶ ξυστίδων ἁλουργῶν καὶ μηχανῶν ἀπὸ σκηνῆς καὶ χοροποιῶν καὶ δορυφόρων δυσπραγμάτευτος λαὸς καὶ χορηγία πολυτελὴς παρασκευαζέσθω.
Let a troublesome crowd of properties, masks, purple robes, machines from the stage, chorus-trainers, and bodyguards, and a luxurious choragia be prepared.
πρὸς ἃ Λάκων ἀνὴρ ἀποβλέψας οὐ κακῶς εἶπεν ὡς ἁμαρτάνουσιν Ἀθηναῖοι μεγάλα τὴν σπουδὴν εἰς τὴν παιδιὰν καταναλίσκοντες, τουτέστι μεγάλων ἀποστόλων δαπάνας καὶ στρατευμάτων ἐφόδια καταχορηγοῦντες εἰς τὸ θέατρον.
Looking at these things, a Lacedaemonian man said not badly that the Athenians err greatly in consuming their seriousness on play; that is, funding for the theater the expenses of great armaments and the provisions of armies.
ἂν γὰρ ἐκλογισθῇ τῶν δραμάτων ἕκαστον ὅσου κατέστη, πλέον ἀνηλωκὼς φανεῖται ὁ δῆμος εἰς Βάκχας καὶ Φοινίσσας καὶ Οἰδίποδας καὶ Ἀντιγόνας καὶ τὰ Μηδείας κακὰ καὶ Ἠλέκτρας, ὧν ὑπὲρ τῆς ἡγεμονίας καὶ τῆς ἐλευθερίας πολεμῶν τοὺς βαρβάρους ἀνάλωσεν.
For if each of the plays is calculated as to how much it cost, the people will appear to have spent more on Bacchae, Phoenissae, Oedipuses, Antigones, and the miseries of Medea and Electra, than they spent on fighting the barbarians for hegemony and freedom.
οἱ μὲν γὰρ στρατηγοὶ πολλάκις παραγγείλαντες ἄπυρα σιτία κομίζειν ἐξῆγον ἐπὶ τὰς μάχας τοὺς ἄνδρας· καὶ νὴ Δίʼ οἱ τριήραρχοι τοῖς ἐλαύνουσιν ἄλφιτα παρασκευάσαντες, τοῖς δὲ κρόμμυα καὶ τυρόν, ἐνεβίβαζον εἰς τὰς τριήρεις· οἱ δὲ χορηγοὶ τοῖς χορευταῖς ἐγχέλεια καὶ θριδάκια καὶ σκελίδας καὶ μυελὸν παρατιθέντες, εὐώχουν ἐπὶ πολὺν χρόνον φωνασκουμένους καὶ τρυφῶντας.
For the generals, often ordering them to carry uncooked rations, led the men out to battles; and by Zeus, the trierarchs, having prepared barley-meal for the rowers, and onions and cheese for others, embarked them into the triremes; but the choregoi, serving eels, lettuces, beef ribs, and marrow to the chorus members, feasted them for a long time as they trained their voices and lived in luxury.
καὶ τούτων τοῖς μὲν ἡττηθεῖσι περιῆν προσυβρίσθαι καὶ γεγονέναι καταγελάστους· τοῖς δὲ νικήσασιν τρίπους ὑπῆρχεν, οὐκ ἀνάθημα τῆς νίκης, ὡς Δημήτριός φησιν, ἀλλʼ ἐπίσπεισμα τῶν ἐκκεχυμένων βίων καὶ τῶν ἐκλελοιπότων κενοτάφιον οἴκων.
And of these, for the defeated, there remained only to be further insulted and to become ridiculous; but for the victors, there was a tripod—not a dedication of victory, as Demetrius says, but a libation over poured-out livelihoods and a cenotaph of ruined households.
τοιαῦτα γὰρ τὰ ποιητικῆς τέλη καὶ λαμπρότερον οὐδὲν ἐξ αὐτῶν.
For such are the ends of poetic art, and nothing more illustrious comes from them.