Humanitext Reader

Plutarch · On the Fortune of the Romans §13

Alexander's Untimely Death and the Deliverance of Rome

Passage 10 of 10 · Greek

Summary

The author notes that early Roman history is unclear due to lost records, but argues that Fortune's favor is evident in subsequent events, specifically in the untimely death of Alexander the Great which prevented a massive clash with the formidable forces of Rome.

§13ἀλλὰ τί δεῖ περὶ ταῦτα διατρίβειν, ἃ σαφὲς οὐδὲν οὐδʼ ὡρισμένον ἔχει τῷ καὶ τὰ πράγματα συγχυθῆναι τῶν Ῥωμαίων καὶ διαφθαρῆναι τοὺς ἐπʼ αὐτῶν ὑπομνηματισμούς, ὡς Λίβιος ἱστόρηκε;
But why must we spend time on these matters, which possess nothing clear or defined, because the affairs of the Romans were thrown into confusion and their records of them were destroyed, as Livy has recorded?
τὰ γὰρ ὕστερον μᾶλλον ὄντα δῆλα καὶ καταφανῆ δεικνύει τὴν τῆς Τύχης εὐμένειαν, ᾗ ἔγωγε τίθεμαι καὶ τὴν Ἀλεξάνδρου τελευτήν, ἀνδρὸς εὐτυχήμασι μεγάλοις καὶ κατορθώμασι λαμπροῖς ὑπὸ θάρσους ἀμάχου καὶ φρονήματος ὥσπερ ἄστρου φερομένου καὶ διᾴττοντος ἐπὶ δυσμὰς ἐξ ἀνατολῶν καὶ βάλλοντος ἤδη τὰς τῶν ὅπλων αὐγὰς εἰς τὴν Ἰταλίαν, ὡς πρόφασις μὲν ἦν αὐτῷ τῆς στρατείας ὁ Μολοττὸς Ἀλέξανδρος ὑπὸ Βρεττίων καὶ Λευκανῶν περὶ Πανδοσίαν κατακεκομμένος·
For the subsequent events, being more distinct and clear, demonstrate the favor of Fortune, to which I indeed attribute even the death of Alexander—a man borne by great fortunes and brilliant achievements, driven by an invincible courage and a pride like a star carrying and darting him from the east to the west, and already casting the rays of his arms upon Italy.
ὁ δʼ ἄγων αὐτὸν ὡς ἀληθῶς ἐπὶ πάντας ἀνθρώπους δόξης ἔρως καὶ ἡγεμονίας ζῆλον ἔσχε καὶ ἅμιλλαν ὑπερβαλέσθαι τὰ Διονύσου καὶ Ἡρακλέους πέρατα τῆς στρατηλασίας.
His pretext for the campaign was the Molossian Alexander, who had been cut to pieces near Pandosia by the Bruttians and Lucanians; but the love of glory and zeal for dominion that truly led him against all mankind held him, and an emulation to surpass the limits of the campaigns of Dionysus and Heracles.
τῆς δʼ Ἰταλίας ἐπυνθάνετο τὴν ἐν Ῥώμῃ δύναμιν καὶ ἀλκὴν ὥσπερ στόμωμα προτεταγμένην ὄνομα γὰρ καὶ δόξα τούτων ἐπιφανεστάτη διεπέμπετο πρὸς αὐτὸν ὥσπερ ἀθλητῶν μυρίοις ἐγγεγυμνασμένων πολέμοις.
And concerning Italy, he learned that the power and strength in Rome stood in the forefront like a hardened edge; for the most illustrious name and reputation of these men was carried to him, like that of athletes trained in countless wars.
"οὐ γὰρ ἀναιμωτί γε διακρινθήμεναι οἴω," συμπεσόντων ὅπλοις ἀνικήτοις φρονημάτων ἀδουλώτων.
"For not without blood, I think, shall they be parted," when unsubdued spirits clashed with invincible arms.
πλῆθος μὲν γὰρ ἦσαν οὗτοι τρισκαίδεκα μυριάδων οὐκ ἐλάττους, πολεμικοὶ δὲ καὶ ἀνδρώδεις ἅπαντες, " ἐπιστάμενοι μὲν ἀφʼ ἵππων ἀνδράσι μάρνασθαι καὶ ὅθι χρὴ πεζὸν ἐόντα. "
For these were in number not less than one hundred and thirty thousand, all warlike and manly, "knowing indeed how to fight on horseback with men, and where necessary, being on foot."

Notes

  1. 326aτῷ καὶ τὰ πράγματα συγχυθῆναι — The infinitive clause with the dative article (τῷ ... συγχυθῆναι ... καὶ διαφθαρῆναι) expresses the cause ('because of...', 'by...') of the statement in the relative clause. The respective subjects of the infinitives are the accusatives τὰ πράγματα and τοὺς ὑπομνηματισμούς.
  2. 326aᾗ ἔγωγε τίθεμαι — The dative relative pronoun ᾗ (with τὴν εὐμένειαν or Τύχης as antecedent) is used with the middle verb τίθεμαι ('attribute to', 'impute to') to express the author's judgment of attributing the death of Alexander to the favor of Fortune.
  3. 326cσυμπεσόντων — A genitive absolute construction expressing a condition ('if they should clash'). The subject is the genitive φρονημάτων ἀδουλώτων, while ὅπλοις ἀνικήτοις is the dative of encounter governed by the verb συμπίπτω.

Cite this passage

Plutarch, On the Fortune of the Romans §13. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg086.humanitext-grc3:13

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