§40τίς Εὔνοστος ἥρως ἐν Τανάγρᾳ καὶ διὰ τίνα αἰτίαν τὸ ἄλσος αὐτοῦ γυναιξὶν ἀνέμβατόν ἐστιν;
Who is the hero Eunostos in Tanagra, and for what reason is his grove off-limits to women?
Ἐλιέως τοῦ Κηφισοῦ καὶ Σκιάδος Εὔνοστος ἦν υἱός, ᾧ φασιν ὑπὸ νύμφης Εὐνόστας ἐκτραφέντι τοῦτο γενέσθαι τοὔνομα.
Eunostos was the son of Elieus, the son of Cephisus, and Skias; they say that this name was given to him because he was reared by the nymph Eunosta.
καλὸς δʼ ὢν καὶ δίκαιος οὐχ ἧττον.
Being handsome, he was no less just.
ἦν σώφρων καὶ αὐστηρός· ἐρασθῆναι δʼ αὐτοῦ λέγουσιν Ὄχναν, μίαν τῶν Κολωνοῦ θυγατέρων, ἀνεψιὰν οὖσαν.
He was temperate and austere; and they say that Ochna, one of the daughters of Colonus and his cousin, fell in love with him.
ἐπεὶ δὲ πειρῶσαν ὁ Εὔνοστος ἀπετρέψατο καὶ λοιδορήσας ἀπῆλθεν εἰς τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς κατηγορήσων, ἔφθασεν ἡ παρθένος τοῦτο πράξασα κατʼ ἐκείνου καὶ παρώξυνε τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς Ἔχεμον καὶ Λέοντα καὶ Βουκόλον ἀποκτεῖναι τὸν Εὔνοστον, ὡς πρὸς βίαν αὐτῇ συγγεγενημένον.
But when Eunostos rejected her as she made trial of him, and after insulting her departed to accuse her to her brothers, the maiden anticipated him in doing this against him, and incited her brothers, Echemus, Leon, and Bucolus, to kill Eunostos, on the ground that he had forced himself upon her.
ἐκεῖνοι μὲν οὖν ἐνεδρεύσαντες ἀπέκτειναν τὸν νεανίσκον.
They, therefore, having laid an ambush, killed the young man.
ὁ δʼ Ἐλιεὺς ἐκείνους ἔδησεν ἡ δʼ Ὄχνη μεταμελομένη καὶ γέμουσα ταραχῆς, ἅμα μὲν αὑτὴν ἀπαλλάξαι θέλουσα τῆς διὰ τὸν ἔρωτα λύπης, ἅμα δʼ οἰκτίρουσα τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς ἐξήγγειλε πρὸς τὸν Ἐλιέα πᾶσαν τὴν ἀλήθειαν, ἐκεῖνος δὲ Κολωνῷ.
Then Elieus bound them, and Ochna, repenting and full of distress, wishing on the one hand to rid herself of the grief caused by her love, and on the other hand pitying her brothers, disclosed the whole truth to Elieus, and he to Colonus.
Κολωνοῦ δὲ δικάσαντος, οἱ μὲν ἀδελφοὶ τῆς Ὄχνης ἔφυγον, αὐτὴ δὲ κατεκρήμνισεν ἑαυτήν, ὡς Μυρτὶς ἡ Ἀνθηδονία ποιήτρια μελῶν ἱστόρηκε.
When Colonus had judged the matter, the brothers of Ochna fled into exile, and she herself threw herself from a cliff, as Myrtis, the lyric poetess of Anthedon, has recorded.
τοῦ δʼ Εὐνόστου τὸ ἡρῷον καὶ τὸ ἄλσος οὕτως ἀνέμβατον ἐτηρεῖτο καὶ ἀπροσπέλαστον γυναιξίν, ὥστε πολλάκις σεισμῶν ἢ αὐχμῶν ἢ διοσημιῶν ἄλλων γενομένων ἀναζητεῖν καὶ πολυπραγμονεῖν ἐπιμελῶς τοὺς Ταναγραίους, μὴ λέληθε γυνὴ τῷ τόπῳ πλησιάσασα, καὶ λέγειν ἐνίους, ὧν ὁ Κλείδαμος ἦν, ἀνὴρ ἐπιφανής, ἀπηντηκέναι αὐτοῖς τὸν Εὔνοστον ἐπὶ θάλατταν βαδίζοντα λουσόμενον, ὡς γυναικὸς ἐμβεβηκυίας εἰς τὸ τέμενος.
And the hero-shrine and the grove of Eunostos were kept so strictly off-limits and inaccessible to women, that often when earthquakes, droughts, or other signs from heaven occurred, the Tanagraeans would search and investigate carefully whether any woman had approached the place unobserved; and some, of whom Cleidamus was one, a distinguished man, said that Eunostos had met them as he was walking to the sea to bathe, because a woman had entered the sacred precinct.
ἀναφέρει δὲ καὶ Διοκλῆς ἐν τῷ περὶ ἡρῴων συντάγματι δόγμα Ταναγραίων, περὶ ὧν ὁ Κλείδαμος ἀπήγγειλεν.
Diocles also, in his treatise "On Heroes," records the decree of the Tanagraeans concerning the matters which Cleidamus reported.
§41πόθεν ἐν τῇ Βοιωτίᾳ περὶ τὸν Ἐλέωνα ποταμὸς Σκάμανδρος ὠνομάσθη;
Why was the river near Eleon in Boeotia named Scamander?
Δηίμαχος ὁ Ἐλέωνος υἱός, ἑταῖρος ὢν Ἡρακλέους, μετέσχε τῆς ἐπὶ Τροίαν στρατείας·
Deimachus, the son of Eleon, being a companion of Heracles, took part in the expedition against Troy; and since the war, as it seems, was drawing out to a great length, having received Glaucia, the daughter of Scamander, who had fallen in love with him, he made her pregnant.
τοῦ δὲ πολέμου μῆκος ὡς ἔοικε λαμβάνοντος, ἐρασθεῖσαν αὐτοῦ Γλαυκίαν τὴν Σκαμάνδρου θυγατέρα προσδεξάμενος ἔγκυον ἐποίησεν, εἶτʼ αὐτὸς μὲν ἔπεσε μαχόμενος τοῖς Τρωσὶν ἡ δὲ Γλαυκία φοβουμένη κατάφωρος γενέσθαι κατέφυγε καὶ τῷ Ἡρακλεῖ κατεῖπεν αὑτῆς τὸν ἔρωτα καὶ τὴν γενομένην πρὸς τὸν Δηίμαχον ὁμιλίαν.
Then he himself fell fighting against the Trojans, but Glaucia, fearing that she might be discovered, fled and disclosed to Heracles her love and the intercourse that had taken place with Deimachus.
ὁ δʼ ἅμα μὲν οἴκτῳ τῆς γυναικὸς ἅμα δὲ χαίρων τῷ ὑπολείπεσθαι γένος ἀνδρὸς ἀγαθοῦ καὶ συνήθους, ἀνέλαβε τὴν Γλαυκίαν εἰς τὰς ναῦς, καὶ τεκοῦσαν υἱὸν ἀγαγὼν ἐν τῇ Βοιωτίᾳ ἀπέδωκε τῷ Ἐλέωνι καὶ τὸ παιδίον καὶ αὐτήν.
Heracles, both out of pity for the woman and rejoicing that a race of a brave man and companion was left behind, took Glaucia onto his ships, and when she had given birth to a son, he brought both the child and herself to Boeotia and gave them back to Eleon.
ὠνομάσθη δʼ ὁ παῖς Σκάμανδρος καὶ τῆς χώρας ἐβασίλευσε.
The boy was named Scamander and became king of the land.
καὶ τὸν μὲν Ἴναχον ποταμὸν ἀφʼ αὐτοῦ Σκάμανδρον, τὸ δὲ πλησίον ῥεῦμα Γλαυκίαν ἀπὸ τῆς μητρὸς ὠνόμασεν· Ἀκίδουσαν δὲ τὴν κρήνην ἀπὸ τῆς ἑαυτοῦ γυναικός, ἐξ ἦς ἔσχε τρεῖς θυγατέρας, ἃς τιμῶσιν ἄχρι νῦν
παρθένους
προσαγορεύοντες.
And he named the river Inachus "Scamander" after himself, and the neighboring stream "Glaucia" after his mother; and the spring "Acidusa" after his own wife, by whom he had three daughters, whom they honor to this day, addressing them as the "Maidens." From what origin was the proverbial expression "this is authoritative" spoken?
§42ἀπὸ τίνος ἐρρήθη τὸ παροιμιῶδες αὕτα κυρία; Δίνων ὁ Ταραντῖνος στρατηγῶν, ἀνὴρ δʼ ὢν ἀγαθὸς ἐν τοῖς πολεμικοῖς, ἀποχειροτονησάντων αὐτοῦ τινα γνώμην τῶν πολιτῶν, ὡς ὁ κῆρυξ ἀνεῖπε τὴν νικῶσαν, αὐτὸς ἀνατείνας τὴν δεξιάν,
ἃδε,
εἶπε,
κρείσσων
· οὕτω γὰρ ὁ Θεόφραστος ἱστόρηκε.
Dinon of Tarentum, when acting as general, being a brave man in military affairs, when the citizens had voted down some opinion of his and the herald announced the winning vote, himself stretched out his right hand and said, "This one is stronger"; for so Theophrastus has recorded.
προσιστόρηκε δὲ καὶ ὁ Ἀπολλόδωρος Ταραντίνων τοῦ κήρυκος,
αὗται πλείους,
εἰπόντος,
ἀλλʼ αὗται,
φάναι,
βελτίους,
καὶ ἐπικυρῶσαι τὴν τῶν ἐλαττόνων χειροτονίαν.
And Apollodorus has further recorded concerning the herald of the Tarentines, that when he said, "These are more," Dinon said, "But these are better," and confirmed the vote of the minority.
§43πόθεν ἡ τῶν Ἰθακησίων πόλις Ἀλαλκομεναὶ προσηγορεύθη;
From what source was the city of the Ithacans called Alalcomenae?
διὰ τὸ τὴν Ἀντίκλειαν ὑπὸ Σισύφου βιασθεῖσαν ἐν τῇ παρθενίᾳ τὸν Ὀδυσσέα συλλαβεῖν· ὑπὸ πλειόνων δʼ ἐστὶν εἰρημένον.
Because Anticleia, having been violated by Sisyphus in her maidenhood, conceived Odysseus; this is stated by many.
Ἴστρος δʼ ὁ Ἀλεξανδρεὺς ἐν ὑπομνήμασι προσιστόρηκεν, ὅτι τῷ Λαέρτῃ δοθεῖσα πρὸς γάμον καὶ ἀναγομένη, περὶ τὸ Ἀλεξανδρεὺς ἐν τῇ Βοιωτίᾳ τὸν Ὀδυσσέα τέκοι, καὶ διὰ τοῦτʼ ἐκεῖνος ὥσπερ μητροπόλεως ἀναφέρων τοὔνομα τὴν ἐν Ἰθάκῃ πόλιν οὕτω φησὶ προσαγορεύεσθαι.
But Istros of Alexandria has further recorded in his memoirs that when she was given to Laertes in marriage and was being conducted to him, she gave birth to Odysseus near the Alalcomeneion in Boeotia, and for this reason he, bringing back the name as if of a mother city, says that the city in Ithaca is called so.