§1τῶν εἰσιόντων εἰς τὰ συσσίτια ἑκάστῳ δεικνύων ὁ πρεσβύτατος τὰς θύρας,
διὰ τούτων,
φησίν,
οὐδεὶς ἐξέρχεται λόγος. §2δοκιμαζομένου μάλιστα παρʼ αὐτοῖς τοῦ μέλανος λεγομένου ζωμοῦ, ὥστε μὴ κρεαδίου δεῖσθαι τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους, παραχωρεῖν δὲ τοῖς νεανίσκοις, λέγεται Διονύσιος ὁ τῆς Σικελίας τύραννος τούτου χάριν Λακωνικὸν μάγειρον πρίασθαι καὶ προστάξαι σκευάσαι αὐτῷ μηδενὸς φειδόμενον ἀναλώματος·
Pointing out the doors to each of those entering the common messes, the eldest says, "Through these, no word goes out." Since the so-called black broth was highly esteemed among them, to the extent that the elders did not require meat but left it to the youths, it is said that Dionysius, the tyrant of Sicily, for this reason bought a Laconian cook and ordered him to prepare it for him, sparing no expense.
ἔπειτα γευσάμενον καὶ δυσχεράναντα ἀποπτύσαι καὶ τὸν μάγειρον εἰπεῖν,
ὦ βασιλεῦ, τοῦτον δεῖ τὸν ζωμὸν γυμνασάμενον Λακωνικῶς καὶ τῷ Εὐρώτᾳ λελουμένον ἐποψᾶσθαι. §3πιόντες οἱ Λάκωνες ἐν τοῖς συσσιτίοις μετρίως ἀπίασι δίχα λαμπάδος· οὐ γὰρ ἔξεστι πρὸς φῶς βαδίζειν οὔτε ταύτην οὔτε ἄλλην ὁδόν, ὅπως ἐθίζωνται σκότους καὶ νυκτὸς εὐθαρσῶς καὶ ἀδεῶς ὁδεύειν.
Then, having tasted it and being disgusted, he spat it out, and the cook said, "O King, it is necessary for one who has exercised in the Laconian fashion and bathed in the Eurotas to eat this broth as an accompaniment." The Spartans, after drinking moderately in the common messes, depart without a torch; for it is not permitted to walk by light on this or any other road, so that they may become accustomed to journeying boldly and fearlessly through darkness and night.
§4γράμματα ἕνεκα τῆς χρείας ἐμάνθανον· τῶν δὲ ἄλλων παιδευμάτων ξενηλασίαν ἐποιοῦντο, οὐ μᾶλλον ἀνθρώπων ἢ λόγων.
They learned reading and writing for mere utility; but of other forms of education they made a banishment, no less of words than of men.
δὲ παιδεία ἦν αὐτοῖς πρὸς τὸ ἄρχεσθαι καλῶς καὶ καρτερεῖν πονοῦντα καὶ μαχόμενον νικᾶν ἢ ἀποθνήσκειν.
Their education was directed toward being ruled well, enduring hardship, and conquering in battle or dying.
§5διετέλουν δὲ καὶ ἄνευ χιτῶνος, ἓν ἱμάτιον εἰς τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν λαμβάνοντες, αὐχμηροὶ τὰ σώματα καὶ λουτρῶν καὶ ἀλειμμάτων κατὰ τὸ πλεῖστον ἀπεχόμενοι.
And they continued without a tunic, receiving one cloak for the year, being dirty in their bodies and for the most part abstaining from baths and ointments.
§6ἐκάθευδον. δὲ οἱ νέοι ὁμοῦ κατʼ ἴλην καὶ κατὰ ἀγέλην ἐπὶ στιβάδων, ἃς αὐτοὶ συνεφόρουν, τοῦ παρὰ τῷ Εὐρώτᾳ πεφυκότος καλάμου τὰ ἄκρα ταῖς χερσὶν ἄνευ σιδήρου κατακλάσαντες - ἐν δὲ τῷ χειμῶνι τοὺς λεγομένους λυκόφονας ὑπεβάλλοντο καὶ κατεμείγνυσαν ταῖς στιβάσι, θερμαντικὸν ἔχειν τι τῆς ὕλης δοκούσης.
The youths slept together by troop and by company upon pallets of straw, which they themselves gathered, breaking off with their hands without iron the tops of the reeds growing along the Eurotas; and in winter they put under and mixed with their pallets the so-called lykophonas, since this material was thought to possess some warming quality.
§7ἐρᾶν τῶν τὴν ψυχὴν σπουδαίων παίδων ἐφεῖτο· τὸ δὲ πλησιάζειν αἰσχρὸν νενόμιστο, ὡς τοῦ σώματος ἐρῶντας ἀλλʼ οὐ τῆς ψυχῆς·
It was permitted to love boys who were excellent in soul; but to approach them physically was deemed shameful, as loving the body and not the soul.
ὁ δὲ ἐγκληθεὶς ὡς ἐπʼ αἰσχύνῃ πλησιάζων ἄτιμος διὰ βίου ἦν.
Anyone accused of approaching them for shameful purposes was deprived of civic rights for life.
§8ἔθος ἦν καὶ τοὺς νεωτέρους ὑπὸ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων ἐρωτᾶσθαι ποῦ πορεύονται καὶ ἐπὶ τί, καὶ τὸν μὴ ἀποκρινόμενον ἢ προφάσεις πλέκοντα ἐπιπλήττειν ὁ δὲ μὴ ἐπιπλήττων παρόντος αὐτοῦ ἁμαρτάνοντα ἔνοχος ἦν τῷ ἴσῳ ἐπιτιμίῳ ᾧπερ καὶ ὁ ἁμαρτών· καὶ ὁ δυσχεραίνων δέ, εἰ ἐπιτιμῷτο, ἐν μεγάλῳ ὀνείδει ἦν.
It was also a custom for the younger men to be questioned by the elders as to where they were going and for what purpose, and to rebuke anyone who did not answer or who wove excuses. The one who did not rebuke a wrongdoer in his presence was liable to the same penalty as the wrongdoer; and anyone who was disgruntled when rebuked fell into great disgrace.
§9εἴ τις φωραθείη ἁμαρτάνων, ἔδει τοῦτον βωμόν τινα τῶν ἐν τῇ πόλει κύκλῳ περιιέναι, ψόγον ᾄδοντα πεποιημένον εἰς ἑαυτόν· ὅπερ ἦν οὐδὲν ἕτερον ἢ ἐπιπλήττειν αὐτὸν ἑαυτῷ.
If anyone was caught doing wrong, he had to go around one of the altars in the city in a circle, singing a song of abuse composed against himself; which was nothing other than rebuking himself.
§10καὶ τοὺς νέους δὲ οὐ μόνον τοὺς ἰδίους αἰδεῖσθαι πατέρας καὶ ὑπηκόους τούτοις εἶναι, ἀλλὰ πάντας τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους ἐντρέπεσθαι, καὶ ὁδῶν ὑποχωροῦντας καὶ καθέδρας ὑπεξισταμένους καὶ παρόντων ἡσυχάζοντας.
And the youth were expected not only to respect their own fathers and be obedient to them, but to show respect to all the elders, giving way on the roads, rising from their seats, and keeping quiet in their presence.
διὸ καὶ ἦρχεν ἕκαστος οὐχ ὥσπερ ἐν ταῖς ἄλλαις πόλεσι τῶν αὑτοῦ τέκνων καὶ δούλων καὶ κτημάτων, ἀλλʼ ὥσπερ τῶν αὑτοῦ καὶ τῶν τοῦ πλησίον, ὅπως ὅτι μάλιστα κοινωνῶσι καὶ φροντίζωσιν ὡς οἰκείων.
Therefore, each man ruled not only over his own children, slaves, and property, as in other cities, but as if over his own and his neighbor's, so that they might share as much as possible and care for them as their own.
§11παῖς δὲ ὑπό τινος κολασθείς, εἰ τῷ πατρὶ ἐξήγγειλεν, αἰσχρὸν ἦν τῷ πατρὶ μὴ προσεντεῖναι ἀκούσαντα πάλιν ἑτέρας·
And if a boy was punished by someone and reported it to his father, it was a disgrace for the father not to inflict another beating upon hearing it.
ἐπίστευον γὰρ ἑαυτοῖς ἐκ τῆς πατρίου ἀγωγῆς μηδὲν αἰσχρὸν προστάξαι τοῖς τέκνοις.
For they trusted one another, because of their ancestral training, that they would command nothing shameful to their children.
§12κλέπτουσι δὲ οἱ νέοι καὶ τῶν σιτίων ὅ τι ἂν δύνωνται, μανθάνοντες εὐφυῶς ἐπιτίθεσθαι τοῖς καθεύδουσιν ἢ ῥᾳθύμως φυλάττουσι· τῷ δὲ ἁλόντι ζημία πληγαὶ καὶ τὸ πεινῆν.
The youth also steal whatever food they can, learning to set upon those sleeping or guarding carelessly with dexterity; for the one caught, the penalty is lashes and hunger.
γλίσχρον γὰρ αὐτοῖς ἐστι δεῖπνον, ὅπως διʼ αὑτῶν ἀμυνόμενοι τὴν ἔνδειαν ἀναγκάζωνται τολμᾶν καὶ πανουργεῖν.
For their dinner is meager, so that by defending themselves against want they may be forced to dare and to act with cunning.
§13τόδε ἔργον τῆς σιτοδείας· διά τε ταῦτα γλίσχρα ἦν καὶ ἵνʼ ἐθίζωνται μηδέποτε γίγνεσθαι πλήρεις, δύνασθαι δὲ πεινῆν·
The function of the scarcity of food is this: it was meager for these reasons, and so that they might be accustomed never to become full, but to be able to hunger.
οὕτω γὰρ ᾤοντο καὶ ἐν πολέμῳ χρησιμωτέρους ἔσεσθαι, εἰ δύναιντο καὶ ἀσιτήσαντες ἐπιπονῆσαι· καὶ ἐγκρατεστέρους δὲ καὶ εὐτελεστέρους, εἰ πλείω χρόνον διάγοιεν ἀπὸ μικρᾶς δαπάνης·
For they thought that they would be more useful in war as well, if they could carry on even when going without food; and they would be more self-controlled and frugal, if they could live for a longer time on a small expense.
τὴν δʼ ἀνοψίαν ὑποφέρειν, ὡς βρῶμα τὸ τυχὸν προσφέρεσθαι, ᾤοντο ὑγιεινότερα τὰ σώματα ἀπὸ τῆς ἐλλειπούσης ποιεῖν τροφῆς, νομίζοντες εἰς βάθος τε καὶ πλάτος ὁρμῇ πιεζόμενα ἐπαίρειν εἰς ὕψος τὰ σώματα, καὶ καλὰ δὲ ποιεῖν·
They also thought that tolerating a lack of side-dishes, so as to accept whatever food came their way, made their bodies healthier from the deficient nourishment; for they believed that the bodies, being pressed back from expanding in depth and width, would rise upward in height, and also become beautiful.
τὰς γὰρ ἰσχνὰς καὶ διακένους ἕξεις ὑπακούειν πρὸς τὴν διάρθρωσιν, τὰς δὲ πολυτρόφους διὰ βάρος ἀντιβαίνειν.
For lean and hollow constitutions yield to articulation, while well-nourished ones resist it because of their weight.