§4ἦν φοβερὸς ἐν Σάμῳ Πολυκράτης τύραννος, ἦν ἐν Κορίνθῳ Περίανδρος, ἀλλʼ οὐδεὶς ἐφοβεῖτο τούτους μεταστὰς εἰς πόλιν ἐλευθέραν καὶ δημοκρατουμένην.
Polycrates was a dreaded tyrant in Samos, and Periander in Corinth, but no one feared them after removing to a free and democratic city.
ὁ δὲ τὴν τῶν θεῶν ἀρχὴν ὡς τυραννίδα φοβούμενος σκυθρωπὴν καὶ ἀπαραίτητον ποῖ μεταστῇ ποῖ φύγῃ, ποίαν γῆν ἄθεον εὕρῃ, ποίαν θάλασσαν;
But he who fears the rule of the gods as a gloomy and inexorable tyranny, whither can he remove, whither can he flee, what land without gods can he find, or what sea?
εἰς τί καταδὺς τοῦ κόσμου μέρος καὶ ἀποκρύψας σεαυτόν, ὦ ταλαίπωρε, πιστεύσεις ὅτι τὸν θεὸν ἀποπέφευγας;
Into what part of the world can you plunge and hide yourself, O wretched man, that you may believe you have escaped God?
ἔστι καὶ δούλοις νόμος ἐλευθερίαν ἀπογνοῦσι πρᾶσιν αἰτεῖσθαι καὶ δεσπότην μεταβάλλειν ἐπιεικέστερον· ἡ δὲ δεισιδαιμονία θεῶν ἀλλαγὴν οὐ δίδωσιν, οὐδʼ ἔστιν εὑρεῖν ὃν οὐ φοβήσεται θεὸν ὁ φοβούμενος τοὺς πατρῴους καὶ γενεθλίους, ὁ φρίττων τοὺς σωτῆρας καὶ τοὺς μειλιχίους τρέμων καὶ δεδοικώς, παρʼ ὧν αἰτούμεθα πλοῦτον εὐπορίαν εἰρήνην ὁμόνοιαν ὄρθωσιν λόγων καὶ ἔργων τῶν ἀρίστων.
Even for slaves who have despaired of freedom, there is a law to demand a sale and to change to a milder master; but superstition does not grant a change of gods, nor is it possible for one who fears his ancestral and tutelary gods, who shudders at his saviors and trembles and dreads those who are mild —from whom we ask for wealth, prosperity, peace, harmony, and the successful direction of our best words and deeds—to find any god whom he will not fear.
εἶθʼ οὗτοι τὸ δουλεύειν ἀτύχημα ἡγοῦνται καὶ λέγουσι
"
δεινή τις ἀνδρὶ καὶ γυναικὶ συμφορὰ
δούλους γενέσθαι δεσπότας τε δυσχερεῖς
λαβεῖν· "
πόσῳ δὲ δεινότερον οἴεσθε πάσχειν αὐτοὺς ἀνεκφεύκτους ἀναποδράστους ἀνυποστάτους λαμβάνοντας;
Then these people consider servitude a misfortune and say: "A terrible calamity indeed for man and woman to become slaves and to receive harsh masters;" but how much more terrible a lot do you think is theirs who receive masters from whom there is no escape, no running away, and no resistance?
ἔστι δούλῳ φεύξιμος βωμός, ἔστι καὶ λῃσταῖς ἀβέβηλα πολλὰ τῶν ἱερῶν, καὶ πολεμίους οἱ φεύγοντες ἂν ἀγάλματος λάβωνται ἢ ναοῦ, θαρροῦσιν· ὁ δὲ δεισιδαίμων ταῦτα μάλιστα φρίττει καὶ φοβεῖται καὶ δέδοικεν, ἐν οἷς οἱ φοβούμενοι τὰ δεινότατα τὰς ἐλπίδας ἔχουσι.
For a slave there is an altar to flee to, and for robbers many of the temples are sanctuaries, and those who flee from enemies, if they grasp an image or a temple, take courage; but the superstitious person shudders at, fears, and dreads these very places most of all, in which those who fear the most terrible things place their hopes.
μὴ ἀπόσπα τὸν δεισιδαίμονα τῶν ἱερῶν· ἐνταῦθα κολάζεται καὶ τιμωρεῖται.
Do not drag the superstitious person away from the temples; it is there that he is punished and tormented.
τί δεῖ μακρὰ λέγειν;
Why is there need to speak at length?
πέρας ἐστὶ τοῦ βίου πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις ὁ θάνατος· τῆς δὲ δεισιδαιμονίας οὐδʼ οὗτος, ἀλλʼ ὑπερβάλλει τοὺς ὅρους ἐπέκεινα τοῦ ζῆν, μακρότερον τοῦ βίου ποιοῦσα τὸν φόβον καὶ συνάπτουσα τῷ θανάτῳ κακῶν ἐπίνοιαν ἀθανάτων, καὶ ὅτε παύεται πραγμάτων, ἄρχεσθαι δοκοῦσα μὴ παυομένων.
Death is the limit of life for all men; but for superstition not even this is the end, but it leaps over the boundaries beyond living, making its fear longer than life and joining to death the thought of immortal evils, and when one has ceased from troubles, appearing to begin ones that never cease.
ᾍδου τινὲς ἀνοίγονται πύλαι βαθεῖαι, καὶ ποταμοὶ πυρὸς ὁμοῦ καὶ Στυγὸς ἀπορρῶγες ἀνακεράννυνται, καὶ σκότος ἐμπίπλαται πολυφαντάστων εἰδώλων τινῶν χαλεπὰς μὲν ὄψεις οἰκτρὰς δὲ φωνὰς ἐπιφερόντων, δικασταὶ δὲ καὶ κολασταὶ καὶ χάσματα καὶ μυχοὶ μυρίων κακῶν γέμοντες.
Deep gates of Hades are opened, and rivers of fire together with streams of Styx are mingled, and darkness is filled with certain specters of many phantoms, bearing harsh aspects and pitiful voices, and judges and tormentors and chasms and recesses teeming with countless evils.
οὕτως ἡ κακοδαίμων δεισιδαιμονία τῇ περιττῇ πρὸς ἅπαν τὸ δοκοῦν δεινὸν εὐλαβείᾳ λανθάνει ἑαυτὴν ὑποβάλλουσα παντοίοις δεινοῖς.
Thus wretched superstition, through excessive caution against everything that seems terrible, unconsciously subjects itself to all kinds of terrors.
§5τούτων οὐδὲν τῇ ἀθεότητι πρόσεστιν, ἀλλʼ ἡ μὲν ἄγνοια χαλεπὴ καὶ τὸ παρορᾶν καὶ τυφλώττειν περὶ τηλικαῦτα συμφορὰ μεγάλη ψυχῆς, ὥσπερ ὀμμάτων πολλῶν τὸ φανότατον καὶ κυριώτατον ἀπεσβεσμένης τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ νόησιν.
Atheism has none of these things, but ignorance, oversight, and blindness concerning such great matters is indeed a great calamity of the soul, just as if the brightest and most sovereign of many eyes, the conception of God, had been extinguished.
ταύτῃ δὲ τὸ ἐμπαθές, ὥσπερ εἴρηται, καὶ ἑλκῶδες καὶ ταρακτικὸν καὶ καταδεδουλωμένον εὐθὺς πρόσεστι τῇ δόξῃ.
But in this other opinion, as has been said, there is immediately present a passionate, ulcerous, disturbing, and enslaved character.
μουσικήν φησιν ὁ Πλάτων ἐμμελείας καὶ εὐρυθμίας δημιουργὸν ἀνθρώποις ὑπὸ θεῶν οὐ τρυφῆς ἕνεκα καὶ κνήσεως ὤτων δοθῆναι, ἀλλʼ ὥστε τῶν τῆς ψυχῆς περιόδων καὶ ἁρμονιῶν τὸ ταραχῶδες καὶ πεπλανημένον ἐν σώματι, μούσης τε καὶ χάριτος ἐνδείᾳ πολλαχῇ διʼ ἀκολασίαν καὶ πλημμέλειαν ἐξυβρίζον, αὖθις εἰς τάξιν ἀνελίττουσαν οἰκείως καὶ περιάγουσαν καθιστᾶν.
Plato says that music, the creator of melody and rhythm, was given to men by the gods not for the sake of luxury and the tickling of the ears, but so that the turbulent and wandering element of the soul's revolutions and harmonies in the body, which often breaks out into excess through licentiousness and discordance due to a lack of the Muses and the Graces, might be brought back and restored to order in a fitting manner.
"
ὅσσα δὲ μὴ πεφίληκε Ζεύς (φησὶ Πίνδαρος)
ἀτύζονται βοὰν
Πιερίδων ἀίοντα· "
καὶ γὰρ διαγριαίνεται καὶ ἀγανακτεῖ, καὶ τὰς τίγρεις δέ φασι περιτυμπανιζομένας ἐκμαίνεσθαι καὶ ταράττεσθαι καὶ τέλος αὑτὰς διασπᾶν.
"But all things that Zeus has not loved," says Pindar, "are terrified when they hear the voice of the Pierides;" for they indeed grow wild and are vexed, and they say that even tigers, when drums are beaten around them, go mad and are distracted and finally tear themselves to pieces.
ἔλαττον οὖν κακὸν οἷς διὰ κωφότητα καὶ πήρωσιν ἀκοῆς ἀπάθεια πρὸς μουσικὴν καὶ ἀναισθησία συμβέβηκεν.
Therefore, it is a lesser evil for those who, through deafness and impairment of hearing, happen to have an apathy and insensibility toward music.
ὁ Τειρεσίας ἐχρῆτο δυστυχίᾳ μὴ βλέπων τὰ τέκνα μηδὲ τοὺς συνήθεις, ὁ δʼ Ἀθάμας μείζονι καὶ ἡ Ἀγαύη, βλέποντες ὡς λέοντας καὶ ἐλάφους· καὶ τῷ Ἡρακλεῖ δήπου μανέντι τοὺς υἱοὺς ἐλυσιτέλει μήτʼ ἰδεῖν μήτʼ αἰσθέσθαι παρόντας ἢ χρῆσθαι τοῖς φιλτάτοις ὡς πολεμίοις.
Tiresias suffered the misfortune of not seeing his children or his companions, but Athamas and Agave suffered a greater one, seeing them as lions and deer; and surely for Heracles in his madness, it would have been better neither to see nor to perceive his sons who were present, than to treat his dearest ones as enemies.