§19τί δʼ;
And what?
οἱ πενθοῦντες τοὺς οὕτως ἀποθανόντας ἑαυτῶν ἕνεκα πενθοῦσιν ἢ τῶν κατοιχομένων;
Do those who mourn those who have died in this way mourn on account of themselves or on account of the departed?
εἰ μὲν οὖν ἑαυτῶν, ὅτι τῆς ἀπὸ τῶν τεθνεώτων ἡδονῆς ἢ χρείας ἢ γηροβοσκίας ἐστερήθησαν, φίλαυτος ἡ τῆς λύπης πρόφασις· οὐ γὰρ ἐκείνους ποθοῦντες ἀλλὰ τὰς ἀπʼ αὐτῶν ὠφελείας φανήσονται.
If, then, on account of themselves, because they were deprived of the pleasure or utility or support in old age derived from the dead, the pretext of their grief is selfish; for they will be seen not to regret those persons but the benefits derived from them.
εἰ δὲ τῶν τεθνεώτων ἕνεκα πενθοῦσιν, ἐπιστήσαντες ὅτι ἐν οὐδενὶ κακῷ τυγχάνουσιν ὄντες, ἀπαλλαγήσονται τῆς λύπης, ἀρχαίῳ καὶ σοφῷ πεισθέντες λόγῳ τῷ παραινοῦντι τὰ μὲν ἀγαθὰ ποιεῖν ὡς μέγιστα, τὰ δὲ κακὰ συστέλλειν καὶ ταπεινοῦν.
But if they mourn on account of the dead, by realizing that they happen to be in no evil state, they will be delivered from grief, having been persuaded by an ancient and wise saying that advises to make good things as great as possible, but to contract and diminish bad things.
εἰ μὲν οὖν τὸ πένθος ἐστὶν ἀγαθόν, δεῖ ποιεῖν αὐτὸ ὡς πλεῖστον καὶ μέγιστον· εἰ δʼ, ὥσπερ ἡ ἀλήθεια ἔχει, κακὸν αὐτὸ ὁμολογοῦμεν εἶναι, συστέλλειν καὶ ποιεῖν ὡς; ἐλάχιστον καὶ ἐξαλείφειν εἰς τὸ δυνατόν.
If, then, mourning is a good thing, we must make it as much and as great as possible; but if, as the truth is, we admit it to be an evil, we must contract it and make it as small as possible and wipe it out as far as possible.
ὡς δὲ τοῦτο ῥᾴδιον, καταφανὲς ἐκ τῆς τοιαύτης παραμυθίας.
And how easy this is, is manifest from the following consolation.
φασὶ γάρ τινα τῶν ἀρχαίων φιλοσόφων εἰσιόντα πρὸς Ἀρσινόην τὴν βασίλισσαν πενθοῦσαν τὸν υἱὸν τοιούτῳ χρήσασθαι λόγῳ, φάμενον ὅτι καθʼ ὃν χρόνον ὁ Ζεὺς ἔνεμε τοῖς δαίμοσι τὰς τιμάς, οὐκ ἔτυχε παρὸν τὸ Πένθος, ἤδη δὲ νενεμημένων ἦλθεν ὕστερον.
For they say that one of the ancient philosophers, entering to Queen Arsinoe who was mourning her son, used such a story, saying that at the time when Zeus was distributing honors to the divinities, Mourning did not happen to be present, but came later when they had already been distributed.
τὸν οὖν Δία, ὡς ἠξίου καὶ αὑτῷ τιμὴν δοθῆναι, ἀποροῦντα διὰ τὸ ἤδη κατηναλῶσθαι πάσας τοῖς ἄλλοις, ταύτην αὐτῷ δοῦναι τὴν ἐπὶ τοῖς τελευτήσασι γιγνομένην, οἷον δάκρυα καὶ λύπας ὥσπερ οὖν τοὺς ἄλλους δαίμονας, ὑφʼ ὧν τιμῶνται, τούτους ἀγαπᾶν, τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον καὶ τὸ Πένθος
ἐὰν μὲν οὖν αὐτὸ ἀτιμάσῃς, ὦ γύναι, οὐ προσελεύσεταί σοι· ἐὰν δὲ τιμᾶται ὑπὸ σοῦ ἐπιμελῶς ταῖς δοθείσαις αὐτῷ τιμαῖς, λύπαις καὶ θρήνοις, ἀγαπήσει σε καὶ ἀεὶ τί σοι παρέσται τοιοῦτον ἐφʼ ᾧ τιμηθήσεται συνεχῶς ὑπὸ σοῦ.
So Zeus, as Mourning demanded that an honor should also be given to himself, being at a loss because all had already been spent on the others, gave him this honor which occurs over the dead, namely tears and griefs; just as indeed the other divinities love those by whom they are honored, in the same way also Mourning: if, then, you dishonor it, O lady, it will not come near you; but if it is carefully honored by you with the honors given to it, namely griefs and laments, it will love you and will always provide you with something of such a kind that it will be continuously honored by you.
θαυμασίως δὴ φαίνεται τῷ λόγῳ πείσας οὗτος παρελέσθαι τῆς ἀνθρώπου τὸ πένθος καὶ τοὺς θρήνους.
In this way indeed, he seems wonderfully to have persuaded the woman and removed her mourning and laments.
§20τὸ δʼ ὅλον εἴποι τις ἂν πρὸς τὸν πενθοῦντα
πότερα παύσῃ ποτὲ δυσφορῶν ἢ ἀεὶ δεῖν οἰήσῃ λυπεῖσθαι καὶ παρʼ ὅλον τὸν βίον;
In short, one might say to the mourner: "Will you ever stop grieving, or will you think that you must mourn always and throughout your whole life?
εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἀεὶ μενεῖς ἐπὶ τῇ δυσπαθείᾳ ταύτῃ, τελείαν ἀθλιότητα σεαυτῷ παρέξεις καὶ πικροτάτην κακοδαιμονίαν διὰ ψυχῆς ἀγέννειαν καὶ μαλακίαν εἰ δὲ μεταθήσῃ ποτέ, τί οὐκ ἤδη μετατίθεσαι καὶ σεαυτὸν ἀνέλκεις ἐκ τῆς ἀτυχίας;
For if you will always remain in this distress, you will bring perfect misery and most bitter misfortune upon yourself through nobility-lacking mind and weakness; but if you will change your mind at some point, why do you not change it now and draw yourself up out of this misfortune?
οἷς γὰρ λόγοις τοῦ χρόνου προϊόντος χρησάμενος ἀπολυθήσῃ, τούτοις νῦν προσσχὼν ἀπαλλάγηθι τῆς κακουχίας· καὶ γὰρ ἐπὶ τῶν σωματικῶν παθημάτων ἡ ταχίστη τῆς ἀπαλλαγῆς ὁδὸς ἀμείνων.
For applying your mind now to those reasonings by using which as time goes on you will be released, rid yourself of this distress; for even in bodily sufferings, the quickest way of release is better.
ὃ οὖν μέλλεις τῷ χρόνῳ χαρίζεσθαι, τοῦτο τῷ λόγῳ χάρισαι καὶ τῇ παιδείᾳ, καὶ σεαυτὸν ἔκλυσαι τῶν κακῶν. §21ἀλλʼ οὐ γὰρ ἤλπιζον
φησὶ
ταῦτα πείσεσθαι, οὐδὲ προσεδόκων
ἀλλʼ ἐχρῆν σε προσδοκᾶν καὶ προκατακεκρικέναι τῶν ἀνθρωπείων τὴν ἀδηλότητα καὶ οὐδένειαν, καὶ οὐκ ἂν νῦν ἀπαράσκευος ὥσπερ ὑπὸ πολεμίων ἐξαίφνης ἐπελθόντων ἐλήφθης καλῶς γὰρ ὁ παρὰ τῷ Εὐριπίδῃ Θησεὺς παρεσκευάσθαι φαίνεται πρὸς τὰ τοιαῦτα·
What, therefore, you are going to grant to time, grant this to reason and education, and deliver yourself from evils." "But indeed I did not expect to suffer these things," he says, "nor did I look forward to them." But you ought to have expected them and to have pre-judged the uncertainty and nothingness of human affairs, and you would not now have been caught unprepared, as though by enemies suddenly attacking.
ἐκεῖνος γάρ φησιν
"
ἐγὼ δὲ τοῦτο παρὰ σοφοῦ τινος μαθὼν
εἰς φροντίδας νοῦν συμφορὰς τʼ ἐβαλλόμην,
φυγὰς τʼ ἐμαυτῷ προστιθεὶς πάτρας ἐμῆς
θανάτους τʼ ἀώρους καὶ κακῶν ἄλλας ὁδούς,
ἵνʼ εἴ τι πάσχοιμʼ ὧν ἐδόξαζον φρενί,
μή μοι νεῶρες προσπεσὸν μᾶλλον δάκοι
"
οἱ δʼ ἀγεννέστεροι καὶ ἀνασκήτως διακείμενοι οὐδʼ ἀναστροφὴν ἐνίοτε λαμβάνουσι πρὸς τὸ βουλεύσασθαί τι τῶν εὐσχημόνων καὶ συμφερόντων, ἀλλʼ ἐκτρέπονται πρὸς τὰς ἐσχάτας ταλαιπωρίας, τὸ μηδὲν αἴτιον σῶμα τιμωρούμενοι καὶ τὰ μὴ νοσοῦντα κατὰ τὸν Ἀχαιὸν συναλγεῖν, ἀναγκάζοντες.
For Theseus in Euripides seems to have prepared himself beautifully for such things; for he says: "And I, having learned this from some wise man, used to cast my mind and disasters into my thoughts, adding to myself exiles from my native land, and untimely deaths, and other paths of evils, so that if I should suffer any of the things I was imagining in my mind, might not bite me more by falling upon me as a novelty. "But those who are less noble and untrained do not sometimes even get a turning space to deliberate on any decent and advantageous course, but turn aside to the extreme miseries, punishing their innocent body and forcing the non-diseased parts, according to Achaeus, to suffer along.