§15ταῦτα μὲν οὖν οὐκ ἐνδοιάσας οὐδὲ μελλήσας περὶ τῆς τῶν παίδων εὐκοσμίας καὶ σωφροσύνης διείλεγμαι· περὶ δὲ τοῦ ῥηθήσεσθαι μέλλοντος ἀμφίδοξός εἰμι καὶ διχογνώμων, καὶ τῇδε κἀκεῖσε μετακλίνων ὡς ἐπὶ πλάστιγγος πρὸς οὐδέτερον ῥέψαι δύναμαι, πολὺς δʼ ὄκνος ἔχει με καὶ τῆς εἰσηγήσεως καὶ τῆς ἀποτροπῆς τοῦ πράγματος.
These things, then, without doubting or hesitating, I have discussed concerning the good behavior and self-control of children; but concerning that which is about to be said I am of two minds and divided in opinion, and leaning now this way now that, as if on a balance, I am unable to incline towards either side, and a great hesitation holds me both from recommending and from dissuading from the matter.
ἀποτολμητέον δʼ οὖν ὅμως εἰπεῖν αὐτό.
But nonetheless one must venture to speak it.
τί οὖν τοῦτʼ ἐστί;
What then is this?
πότερα δεῖ τοὺς ἐρῶντας τῶν παίδων ἐᾶν τούτοις συνεῖναι καὶ, συνδιατρίβειν, ἢ τοὐναντίον εἴργειν αὐτοὺς καὶ ἀποσοβεῖν τῆς πρὸς τούτους ὁμιλίας προσῆκεν;
Whether is it necessary to allow those who love children to associate and spend time with them, or, on the contrary, is it fitting to bar them and scare them away from intercourse with them?
ὅταν μὲν γὰρ ἀποβλέψω πρὸς τοὺς πατέρας τοὺς αὐθεκάστους καὶ τὸν τρόπον ὀμφακίας καὶ στρυφνούς, οἳ τῶν τέκνων ὕβριν οὐκ ἀνεκτὴν τὴν τῶν ἐρώντων ὁμιλίαν ἡγοῦνται, εὐλαβοῦμαι ταύτης εἰσηγητὴς γενέσθαι καὶ σύμβουλος, ὅταν δʼ αὖ πάλιν ἐνθυμηθῶ τὸν Σωκράτη τὸν Πλάτωνα τὸν Ξενοφῶντα τὸν Αἰσχίνην τὸν Κέβητα, τὸν πάντα χορὸν ἐκείνων τῶν ἀνδρῶν οἳ τοὺς ἄρρενας ἐδοκίμασαν ἔρωτας καὶ τὰ μειράκια προήγαγον ἐπί τε παιδείαν καὶ δημαγωγίαν καὶ τὴν ἀρετὴν τῶν τρόπων, πάλιν ἕτερος γίγνομαι καὶ κάμπτομαι πρὸς τὸν ἐκείνων τῶν ἀνδρῶν ζῆλον.
For when I look towards those fathers who are rigid and sour and harsh in character, who consider the association with lovers to be an intolerable outrage to their children, I am cautious of becoming an adviser and counselor of this practice; but when, on the other hand, I consider Socrates, Plato, Xenophon, Aeschines, Cebes, and the whole company of those men who approved of male loves and led youth forward to education, leadership, and virtue of character, I become again a different person and bend towards the emulation of those men.
μαρτυρεῖ δὲ τούτοις Εὐριπίδης οὕτω λέγων
"
ἀλλʼ ἔστι δή τις ἄλλος ἐν βροτοῖς ἔρως
ψυχῆς δικαίας σώφρονός τε κἀγαθῆς
"
τὸ δὲ τοῦ Πλάτωνος σπουδῇ καὶ χαριεντισμῷ μεμιγμένον οὐ παραλειπτέον.
And Euripides bears witness to these things, saying thus: "But indeed there is another love among mortals, of a righteous, temperate, and good soul. "And that of Plato, mixed with seriousness and jest, must not be omitted.
ἐξεῖναι γάρ φησι δεῖν τοῖς ἀριστεύσασιν ὃν ἂν βούλωνται τῶν καλῶν φιλῆσαι.
For he says that it must be permitted to those who have excelled to kiss whomsoever of the beautiful they wish.
τοὺς μὲν οὖν τῆς ὥρας ἐπιθυμοῦντας ἀπελαύνειν προσῆκε, τοὺς δὲ τῆς ψυχῆς ἐραστὰς ἐγκρίνειν κατὰ τὸ σύνολον.
Therefore, on the one hand, it is fitting to drive away those who desire physical beauty, and on the other hand, to admit the lovers of the soul as a whole.
καὶ τοὺς μὲν Θήβησι καὶ τοὺς ἐν Ἤλιδι φευκτέον ἔρωτας καὶ τὸν ἐν Κρήτῃ καλούμενον ἁρπαγμόν, τοὺς δʼ Ἀθήνησι καὶ τοὺς ἐν Λακεδαίμονι ζηλωτέον.
And on the one hand, the loves in Thebes and those in Elis must be avoided, as well as what is called the 'snatching' in Crete; but on the other hand, those in Athens and those in Lacedaemon must be emulated.
§16περὶ μὲν οὖν τούτων, ὅπως ἕκαστος αὐτὸς ἑαυτὸν πέπεικεν, οὕτως ὑπολαμβανέτω· ἐγὼ δʼ ἐπειδὴ περὶ τῆς τῶν παίδων εὐταξίας εἴρηκα καὶ κοσμιότητος, καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν μειρακίων ἡλικίαν ἤδη μεταβήσομαι καὶ μικρὰ παντάπασιν λέξω·
Concerning these matters, then, let each person judge as he has persuaded himself; and since I have spoken concerning the orderly conduct and decorum of children, I shall now pass on also to the age of youth and say a very few things; for I have often blamed those who have become introducers of bad habits, who set tutors and teachers over children, but allowed the impulse of youths to range free, when on the contrary it was necessary to exercise greater caution and guarding of youths than of children.
πολλάκις γὰρ κατεμεμψάμην τοὺς μοχθηρῶν ἐθῶν γεγονότας εἰσηγητάς, οἵτινες τοῖς μὲν παισὶ παιδαγωγοὺς καὶ διδασκάλους ἐπέστησαν, τὴν δὲ τῶν μειρακίων ὁρμὴν ἄφετον εἴασαν νέμεσθαι, δέον αὖ τοὐναντίον πλείω τῶν μειρακίων ποιεῖσθαι τὴν εὐλάβειαν καὶ φυλακὴν ἢ τῶν παίδων. τίς γὰρ οὐκ οἶδεν ὅτι τὰ μὲν τῶν παίδων πλημμελήματα μικρὰ καὶ παντελῶς ἐστιν ἰάσιμα, παιδαγωγῶν ἴσως ὀλιγωρία καὶ διδασκάλων παραγωγὴ καὶ ἀνηκουστία· τὰ δὲ τῶν ἤδη νεανισκευομένων ἀδικήματα πολλάκις ὑπερφυᾶ γίνεται καὶ σχέτλια, ἀμετρία γαστρὸς καὶ κλοπαὶ πατρῴων χρημάτων καὶ κύβοι καὶ κῶμοι καὶ πότοι καὶ παρθένων ἔρωτες καὶ γυναικῶν οἰκοφθορίαι γαμετῶν.
For who does not know that the offenses of children are small and completely curable—perhaps the neglect of tutors, the misleading of teachers, and disobedience; but the misdeeds of those who are already grown into young men often become monstrous and wicked: gluttony, thefts of paternal money, dicing, revelries, drinking bouts, love of maidens, and ruin of married women's households?
οὐκοῦν τὰς τούτων ὁρμὰς ταῖς ἐπιμελείαις δεσμεύειν καὶ κατέχειν προσῆκεν, ἀταμίευτον γὰρ τῶν ἡδονῶν ἡ ἀκμὴ καὶ σκιρτητικὸν καὶ χαλινοῦ δεόμενον, ὥσθʼ οἱ μὴ τῆς ἡλικίας ταύτης ἐρρωμένως ἀντιλαμβανόμενοι τῇ ἀνοίᾳ διδόασιν ἐξουσίαν ἐπὶ τὰ ἀδικήματα.
Therefore, it is fitting to bind and restrain their impulses with attention; for the prime of life is ungovernable in pleasures, and prone to leaping, and in need of a bridle, so that those who do not vigorously take hold of this age give authority to folly for misdeeds.
ἔδει τοίνυν τοὺς ἔμφρονας πατέρας παρὰ τοῦτον μάλιστα τὸν καιρὸν φυλάττειν ἐγρηγορέναι σωφρονίζειν τοὺς μειρακίσκους διδάσκοντας ἀπειλοῦντας δεομένους, παραδείγματα δεικνύντας τῶν διὰ φιληδονίαν μὲν συμφοραῖς περιπεσόντων διὰ δὲ καρτερίαν ἔπαινον καὶ δόξαν ἀγαθὴν περιποιησαμένων.
It is necessary then for sensible fathers especially during this time to watch, to be vigilant, to sober the young men by teaching, threatening, entreating, showing examples of those who on the one hand fell into misfortunes through love of pleasure, and on the other hand acquired praise and good reputation through endurance.
δύο γὰρ ταῦθʼ ὡσπερεὶ στοιχεῖα τῆς ἀρετῆς ἐστιν, ἐλπίς τε τιμῆς καὶ φόβος τιμωρίας· ἡ μὲν γὰρ ὁρμητικωτέρους πρὸς τὰ κάλλιστα τῶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων ἡ δʼ ὀκνηροὺς πρὸς τὰ φαῦλα τῶν ἔργων ἀπεργάζεται.
For these two are as it were the elements of virtue: hope of honor and fear of punishment; for the one makes them more eager towards the finest of pursuits, and the other makes them hesitant towards base deeds.