Humanitext Reader

Plutarch · Life of Otho §9.1-9.5

Otho's Impatience and Rumors of Reconciliation

Passage 9 of 18 · Greek

Summary

While the eagerness of the praetorians and Otho's own anxiety accelerated the rush toward battle, there were reports of impulses among both armies to reconcile or leave the choice to the senate, which allegedly influenced the leaders' decisions.

§9.1αἰτίαι δὲ πλείονες ἄλλαι ὑπʼ ἄλλων λέγονται προδήλως δὲ οἱ στρατηγικοὶ προσαγορευόμενοι καὶ τάξιν ἔχοντες δορυφόρων, τότε μᾶλλον ἀληθινῆς γευόμενοι στρατείας καὶ τὰς ἐν Ῥώμῃ διατριβὰς καὶ διαίτας ἀπολέμους καὶ πανηγυρικὰς ποθοῦντες, οὐκ ἦσαν καθεκτοὶ σπεύδοντες ἐπὶ τὴν μάχην, ὡς εὐθὺς ἐξ ἐπιδρομῆς ἀναρπασόμενοι τούς ἐναντίους.
Many other reasons are told by other people. But clearly, those who were called the praetorians and held the rank of bodyguards, then tasting a true military campaign for the first time and longing for their peaceful and festive occupations and life in Rome, were not to be held back in their haste for battle, as if they would sweep away the opponents immediately at the first onset.
§9.2δοκεῖ δὲ μηδὲ αὐτὸς Ὄθων ἐξαναφέρειν ἔτι πρὸς τὴν ἀδηλότητα μηδὲ ὑπομένειν ἀηθείᾳ καὶ μαλακότητι τούς περὶ τῶν δεινῶν λογισμούς, ἐκπονούμενος δὲ ταῖς φροντίσι σπεύδειν ἐγκαλυψάμενος, ὥσπερ ἀπὸ κρημνοῦ, μεθεῖναι τὰ πράγματα πρὸς τὸ συντυχόν.
And it seems that Otho himself also could no longer hold out against the uncertainty, nor, through lack of habit and effeminacy, endure the calculations concerning the dangers, but being exhausted by his anxieties, he hastened, with his face covered, to abandon affairs to chance, as if leaping from a cliff.
§9.3καὶ τοῦτο μὲν διηγεῖτο Σεκοῦνδος ὁ ῥήτωρ ἐπὶ τῶν ἐπιστολῶν γενόμενος τοῦ Ὄθωνος.
And this was indeed related by Secundus the rhetorician, who was in charge of Otho's correspondence.
ἑτέρων δὲ ἦν ἀκούειν ὅτι τοῖς στρατεύμασιν ἀμφοτέροις παρίσταντο ὁρμαὶ πολλαὶ ὡς εἰς ταὐτὸ συνελθεῖν καὶ μάλιστα μὲν αὐτοὺς ὁμοφρονήσαντας ἐκ τῶν παρόντων ἡγεμονικῶν ἑλέσθαι τὸν ἄριστον, εἰ δὲ μή, τὴν σύγκλητον ὁμοῦ καθίσαντας ἐφεῖναι τὴν αἵρεσιν ἐκείνῃ τοῦ αὐτοκράτορος.
But from others it was possible to hear that in both armies many impulses arose to come together in one place, and, if possible, having come to one mind, to choose the best of the present candidates for leadership, or if not, having seated the senate together, to entrust the choice of the emperor to it.
§9.4καὶ οὐκ ἀπεικός ἐστι, μηδετέρου τότε τῶν προσαγορευομένων αὐτοκρατόρων εὐδοκιμοῦντος, ἐπιπίπτειν τοιούτους διαλογισμοὺς τοῖς γνησίοις καὶ διαπόνοις καὶ σωφρονοῦσι τῶν στρατιωτῶν, ὡς ἔχθιστον εἴη καὶ δεινόν, ἃ πάλαι διὰ Σύλλαν καὶ Μάριον, εἶτα Καίσαρα καὶ Πομπήϊον ᾠκτείροντο δρῶντες ἀλλήλους καὶ πάσχοντες οἱ πολῖται, ταῦτα νῦν ὑπομένειν ἢ Οὐϊτελλίῳ λαιμαργίας καὶ οἰνοφλυγίας ἢ τρυφῆς καὶ ἀκολασίας Ὄθωνι τὴν ἡγεμονίαν χορήγημα προθεμένους.
And it is not unlikely, since neither of the proclaimed emperors was then in good repute, that such reflections should fall upon the genuine, hardworking, and sensible of the soldiers, namely, that it was a most hateful and dreadful thing to endure now those very things which the citizens of old, because of Sulla and Marius, and then Caesar and Pompey, were pitied for doing and suffering to one another, while offering the empire either to Vitellius as a resource for his gluttony and drunkenness, or to Otho for his luxury and licentiousness.
§9.5ταῦτʼ οὖν ὑπονοοῦσι τούς τε περὶ τὸν Κέλσον αἰσθανομένους ἐμβαλεῖν διατριβήν, ἐλπίζοντας ἄνευ μάχης καὶ πόνων κριθήσεσθαι τὰ πράγματα, καὶ τούς περὶ τὸν Ὄθωνα φοβουμένους ἐπιταχῦναι τὴν μάχην.
Therefore, they suspect that those around Celsus, perceiving this, introduced delay, hoping that affairs would be decided without battle and hardships, while those around Otho, being afraid, hastened the battle.

Notes

  1. 9.2ἐγκαλυψάμενος — An aorist participle meaning "having covered one's face/head," indicating here a metaphorical or symbolic act of blinding oneself or avoiding facing the harsh reality in the face of imminent ruin.
  2. 9.3ἑτέρων δὲ ἦν ἀκούειν ὅτι — The impersonal ἦν is followed by the infinitive ἀκούειν to express possibility ("it was possible to hear from others that..."). The ὅτι clause introduces the content of what was heard.
  3. 9.4προθεμένους — An aorist participle in the accusative plural, agreeing in gender, number, and case with the implied subject ("the soldiers") of the infinitive ὑπομένειν in the main clause. It means "offering the empire (τὴν ἡγεμονίαν) as a resource/prize (χορήγημα)."
  4. 9.5ὑπονοοῦσι — A third-person plural present indicative active verb meaning "they suspect/surmise," governing the two following accusative-with-infinitive constructions (τούς τε περὶ τὸν Κέλσον... ἐμβαλεῖν... and τούς περὶ τὸν Ὄθωνα... ἐπιταχῦναι...). It is not a dative plural participle.

Cite this passage

Plutarch, Life of Otho §9.1-9.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg066.humanitext-grc2:9.1-9.5

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