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Plutarch · Comparison of Dion and Brutus §4.1-4.8

Comparison of Their Adversaries and Planning

Passage 4 of 5 · Greek

Summary

The author contrasts Dion's struggle against the contemptible Dionysius with Brutus's conspiracy against the formidable Caesar, praising Brutus's extraordinary capability, planning, and judgment of character.

§4.1ἄνευ γε μὴν τούτων ὁ πρὸς Διονύσιον ἀγὼν οὐχ ὅμοιος ἦν δήπου τῷ πρὸς Καίσαρα.
, quite apart from these things, the struggle against Dionysius was surely not like that against Caesar.
§4.2Διονυσίου μὲν γὰρ οὐδεὶς ὅστις οὐκ ἂν κατεφρόνησε τῶν συνήθων ἐν μέθαις καὶ κύβοις καὶ γυναιξὶ τὰς πλείστας ποιουμένου διατριβάς·
there was no one among his intimates who would not have despised Dionysius, who spent most of his time in drinking, dicing, and with women.
§4.3τὸ δὲ τὴν Καίσαρος κατάλυσιν εἰς νοῦν ἐμβαλέσθαι καὶ μὴ φοβηθῆναι τὴν δεινότητα καὶ δύναμιν καὶ τύχην, οὗ καὶ τοὔνομα τοὺς Παρθυαίων καὶ Ἰνδῶν βασιλεῖς οὐκ εἴα καθεύδειν, ὑπερφυοῦς ἦν ψυχῆς καὶ πρὸς μηθὲν ὑφίεσθαι φόβῳ τοῦ φρονήματος δυναμένης.
to conceive in mind the overthrow of Caesar, and not to fear his dreadfulness and power and fortune—whose very name did not allow the kings of the Parthians and Indians to sleep—belonged to a transcendent soul, capable of yielding nothing of its high spirit through fear.
§4.4διὸ τῷ μὲν ὀφθέντι μόνον ἐν Σικελίᾳ μυριάδες οὐκ ὀλίγαι συνέστησαν ἐπὶ Διονύσιον· ἡ δὲ Καίσαρος δόξα καὶ πεσόντος ὤρθου τοὺς φίλους, καὶ τοὔνομα τὸν χρησάμενον ἦρεν ἐκ παιδὸς ἀμηχάνου πρῶτον εὐθὺς εἶναι Ῥωμαίων, ὡς ἀλεξιφάρμακον τοῦτο πρὸς τὴν Ἀντωνίου περιαψάμενον ἔχθραν καὶ δύναμιν.
, while for the one, merely upon his appearing in Sicily, many tens of thousands allied themselves against Dionysius; the glory of Caesar, even after his fall, supported his friends, and his name raised the one who used it from a helpless boy immediately to be the first of the Romans, as if he had bound this on himself as a protective amulet against the enmity and power of Antony.
§4.5εἰ δὲ φήσει τις ὅτι μεγάλοις μὲν ἀγῶσιν ὁ Δίων ἐξέβαλε τὸν τύραννον, Καίσαρα δὲ Βροῦτος ἔκτεινε γυμνὸν καὶ ἀφύλακτον, αὐτὸ τοῦτο δεινότητος ἄκρας καὶ στρατηγίας ἦν ἔργον, ἄνδρα τοσαύτην περιβεβλημένον δύναμιν ἀφύλακτον λαβεῖν καὶ γυμνόν.
if anyone should say that Dion expelled the tyrant with great struggles, whereas Brutus slew Caesar when he was naked and unguarded, this very thing was the work of consummate skill and generalship, to catch unguarded and naked a man who was invested with such great power.
§4.6οὐ γὰρ ἐξαίφνης οὐδὲ μόνος ἢ σὺν ὀλίγοις ἐπιπεσὼν ἀνεῖλεν, ἀλλʼ ἐκ πολλοῦ συνθεὶς τὸ βούλευμα καὶ μετὰ πολλῶν ἐπιθέμενος, ὧν οὐδεὶς ἐψεύσατʼ αὐτόν, ἢ γὰρ εὐθὺς ἔκρινε τοὺς ἀρίστους ἢ τῷ προκρῖναι τοὺς πιστευθέντας ἀγαθοὺς ἐποίησε.
he did not kill him by falling upon him suddenly or alone or with a few, but having put together his plan long before and attacking with many, none of whom betrayed him; for he either chose the best men straightway, or by his prior choice made those trusted good.
§4.7Δίων δὲ εἴτε κρίνας κακῶς ἐπίστευσεν ἑαυτὸν πονηροῖς εἴτε χρώμενος ἐποίησεν ἐκ χρηστῶν πονηρούς, οὐδέτερον παθεῖν ἀνδρὶ φρονίμῳ προσῆκεν.
Dion, whether he trusted himself to bad men through a bad judgment, or by his treatment made them bad from being good, neither of these was fitting for a wise man to suffer.
§4.8ἐπιτιμᾷ δὲ καὶ Πλάτων αὐτῷ τοιούτους ἑλομένῳ φίλους, ὑφʼ ὧν ἀπώλετο.
Plato also censures him for having chosen such friends, by whom he was destroyed.

Notes

  1. §4.2Διονυσίου μὲν γὰρ οὐδεὶς ὅστις οὐκ ἂν κατεφρόνησε τῶν συνήθων — Διονυσίου is the direct object of the verb κατεφρόνησε, which takes the genitive, while τῶν συνήθων ('of his intimates') is a partitive genitive modifying οὐδεὶς. The participle ποιουμένου attributively modifies Διονυσίου.
  2. §4.3ὑπερφυοῦς ἦν ψυχῆς — A predicate genitive of characteristic, meaning 'belonged to' or 'was characteristic of a transcendent soul.'
  3. §4.4τὸν χρησάμενον — A substantive participle meaning 'the one who used [the name],' referring in practice to Octavian (the future Augustus) who assumed Caesar's name upon adoption.
  4. §4.6τῷ προκρῖναι — A dative articular infinitive expressing means, meaning 'by selecting/choosing [the trusted men] in advance.'
  5. §4.7χρώμενος — A circumstantial participle expressing means or manner, interpreted as 'by associating with them' or 'by employing them.'

Cite this passage

Plutarch, Comparison of Dion and Brutus §4.1-4.8. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg062.humanitext-grc2:4.1-4.8

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