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Plutarch · Comparison of Demetrius and Antony §1.1-1.3

Comparison of Their Rise to Power and Foundations

Passage 1 of 6 · Greek

Summary

The comparison between Demetrius and Antony begins by contrasting how Demetrius inherited an established base from his father Antigonus, while Antony rose to power on his own resources as Caesar's successor and built a vast empire.

§1.1ἐπεὶ τοίνυν μεγάλαι περὶ ἀμφοτέρους γεγόνασι μεταβολαί, πρῶτον τὰ τῆς δυνάμεως καὶ τῆς ἐπιφανείας σκοπῶμεν, ὅτι τῷ μὲν ἦν πατρῷα καὶ προκατειργασμένα, μέγιστον ἰσχύσαντος Ἀντιγόνου τῶν διαδόχων καὶ πρὸ τοῦ Δημήτριον ἐν ἡλικίᾳ γενέσθαι τὰ πλεῖστα τῆς Ἀσίας ἐπελθόντος καὶ κρατήσαντος·
Since, then, great changes of fortune have occurred to both of them, let us first consider the matters of their power and glory; namely, that for the one, these were ancestral and already prepared for him, because Antigonus, the most powerful of the successors, had overrun and mastered most of Asia before Demetrius came of age.
§1.2Ἀντώνιος δὲ χαρίεντος μὲν ἄλλως, ἀπολέμου δὲ καὶ μέγα μηδὲν εἰς δόξαν αὐτῷ καταλιπόντος γενόμενος πατρός, ἐπὶ τὴν Καίσαρος ἐτόλμησεν ἀρχήν, οὐδὲν αὐτῷ κατὰ γένος προσήκουσαν, ἐλθεῖν, καὶ τοῖς ἐκείνῳ προπεπονημένοις αὐτὸς ἑαυτὸν εἰσεποίησε διάδοχον.
Antony, on the other hand, though born of a father who was otherwise an amiable man but not a warrior and left him nothing great to contribute to his reputation, dared to enter upon the empire of Caesar, which in no way belonged to him by lineage, and intruded himself as successor to what had already been achieved by him.
καὶ τοσοῦτον ἴσχυσεν, ἐκ μόνων τῶν περὶ αὐτὸν ὑπαρχόντων ὁρμώμενος, ὥστε δύο μοίρας τὰ σύμπαντα ποιησάμενος τὴν ἑτέραν ἑλέσθαι καὶ λαβεῖν τὴν ἐπιφανεστέραν, ἀπὼν δὲ αὐτὸς ὑπηρέταις τε καὶ ὑποστρατήγοις Πάρθους τε νικῆσαι πολλάκις καὶ τὰ περὶ Καύκασον ἔθνη βάρβαρα μέχρι τῆς Κασπίας ὤσασθαι θαλάσσης.
And he grew so powerful, starting only from the resources at his own disposal, that, having divided the whole world into two portions, he chose and took the more illustrious one; and though himself absent, he, through his lieutenants and generals, repeatedly defeated the Parthians and drove the barbarian nations around the Caucasus as far as the Caspian Sea.
§1.3μαρτύρια δὲ τοῦ μεγέθους αὐτῷ καὶ δι’ ἃ κακῶς ἀκούει.
Moreover, the proofs of his greatness are also the reasons for his bad reputation.
Δημητρίῳ μὲν γὰρ ὁ πατὴρ ἠγάπησε τὴν Ἀντιπάτρου Φίλαν ὡς κρείττονα συνοικῆσαι παρʼ ἡλικίαν, Ἀντωνίῳ δὲ ὁ Κλεοπάτρας γάμος ὄνειδος ἦν, γυναικὸς ὑπερβαλομένης δυνάμει καὶ λαμπρότητι πάντας πλὴν Ἀρσάκου τοὺς καθʼ αὑτὴν βασιλεῖς.
For while in the case of Demetrius, his father was pleased to match him, despite the disparity in their ages, with Phila the daughter of Antipater as an excellent woman to live with, in the case of Antony, his marriage to Cleopatra was a disgrace—a woman who surpassed in power and splendor all the kings of her time except Arsaces.
ἀλλʼ οὕτως ἐποίησε μέγαν ἑαυτὸν ὥστε τοῖς ἄλλοις μειζόνων ἢ ἐβούλετο δοκεῖν ἄξιος.
But he made himself so great that to others he seemed worthy of greater things than he himself desired.

Notes

  1. 1.1μέγιστον ἰσχύσαντος Ἀντιγόνου — Genitive absolute construction. The noun `Ἀντιγόνου` acts as the logical subject, modified by the participle `ἰσχύσαντος` (and the subsequent `ἐπελθόντος` and `κρατήσαντος`), explaining the background or cause of Demetrius's advantageous starting point.
  2. 1.1πρὸ τοῦ Δημήτριον ἐν ἡλικίᾳ γενέσθαι — The preposition `πρό` combined with the articular infinitive `τοῦ ... γενέσθαι` expressing 'before ...'. The accusative noun `Δημήτριον` serves as the subject of the infinitive.
  3. 1.2γενόμενος πατρός — The participle `γενόμενος` (from `γίγνομαι`, 'to be born') is construed with the genitive of origin `πατρός`, indicating Antony's lineage and the lack of inherited military reputation from his father.
  4. 1.2τοῖς ἐκείνῳ προπεπονημένοις — The perfect middle-passive participle `προπεπονημένοις` ('things previously achieved/wrought') is accompanied by `ἐκείνῳ` (referring to Caesar) as the dative of agent, denoting the power and achievements pre-arranged by Caesar.
  5. 1.3συνοικῆσαι — An infinitive of specification or qualification, modifying the phrase `ὡς κρείττονα` ('as an excellent woman to live with'), defining Phila's suitability as a wife despite her age.
  6. 1.3ἀλλʼ οὕτως ἐποίησε μέγαν ἑαυτὸν — Following the manuscript reading `ἑαυτόν` (reflexive pronoun), the subject is Antony ('he made himself so great'). Alternatively, some editors read `αὐτόν` (him), making Cleopatra (or the marriage) the subject ('she/it made him so great'), which is often favored in translations to suit the contrast.

Cite this passage

Plutarch, Comparison of Demetrius and Antony §1.1-1.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg059.humanitext-grc2:1.1-1.3

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