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Plutarch · Life of Sertorius §18.1-18.6

Arrival of Pompey and the Battle of Lauro

Passage 18 of 27 · Greek

Summary

Sertorius gains the upper hand against Metellus and enhances his reputation by competing evenly with Pompey. In the battle of Lauro, Sertorius outmaneuvers Pompey, captures the city, and burns it in front of Pompey to humiliate him.

§18.1μέχρι μὲν οὖν τοῖς περὶ Μέτελλον ἐπολέμει, τὰ πλεῖστα κατευτυχεῖν ἐδόκει, γήρᾳ καὶ φυσικῇ βραδυτῆτι τοῦ Μετέλλου πρὸς ἄνδρα τολμητὴν καὶ λῃστρικῆς μᾶλλον ἢ στρατιωτικῆς ἡγούμενον δυνάμεως οὐκ ἀναφέροντος·
Now, as long as he was making war against Metellus and his men, he seemed for the most part to be successful, since Metellus, because of his old age and natural slowness, could not cope with a man who was daring and led a force more like a band of robbers than a regular army.
ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ Πομπηΐῳ τὴν Πυρήνην ὑπερβαλόντι παραστρατοπεδεύσας, καὶ πᾶσαν ἅμα μὲν διδοὺς, ἅμα δὲ λαμβάνων στρατηγικῶν παλαισμάτων πεῖραν, ἀντιτεχνώμενός τε καὶ φυλαττόμενος πλεῖον εἶχε, κομιδῇ διεβοήθη μέχρι Ῥώμης ὡς δεινότατος ὢν πόλεμον μεταχειρίσασθαι τῶν τότε στρατηγῶν.
But when he also encamped near Pompey, who had crossed the Pyrenees, and while giving on the one hand and receiving on the other a trial of every kind of generalship, and keeping the upper hand by counter-strategizing and being on his guard, his reputation was thoroughly spread abroad as far as Rome as being the most capable of the generals of that time in conducting war.
§18.2οὐ γάρ τι μικρὸν ἦν τὸ Πομπηΐου κλέος, ἀλλʼ ἤνθει τότε μάλιστα πρὸς δόξαν ἐκ τῶν περὶ Σύλλαν ἀνδραγαθημάτων, ἐφʼ οἷς καὶ Μᾶγνος ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ, τουτέστι Μέγας, ἐπωνομάσθη τιμῶν τε θριαμβικῶν οὔπω γενειῶν ἔτυχεν.
For the fame of Pompey was no small thing, but was then blooming especially in glory from his exploits under Sulla, for which he was also surnamed "Magnus," that is, "Great," by him, and obtained triumphal honors before he had even grown a beard.
ὅθεν καὶ πολλαὶ τῶν ὑπὸ Σερτωρίῳ πόλεων ἀποβλέψασαι πρὸς αὐτὸν ὁρμὴν μεταβολῆς ἔσχον, εἶτα ἐπαύσαντο, τοῦ περὶ Λαύρωνα πάθους παρὰ πᾶσαν ἐλπίδα συμβάντος.
Hence, many of the cities under Sertorius, looking toward him, had an impulse to revolt, but then they desisted when the disaster around Lauro occurred contrary to all expectation.
§18.3Σερτωρίου γὰρ πολιορκοῦντος αὑτοὺς ἧκε Πομπήϊος πανστρατιᾷ βοηθήσων εἶτα ὁ μὲν λόφον εὖ δοκοῦντα πεφυκέναι κατὰ τῆς πόλεως προληψόμενος, ὁ δὲ τοῦτο κωλύσων ἠπείγετο.
For when Sertorius was besieging them, Pompey came with his entire army to help; then the one hastened to preoccupy a hill which seemed to be well situated against the city, while the other hastened to prevent this.
τοῦ δὲ Σερτωρίου φθάσαντος ἐπιστήσας τὸν στρατὸν ὁ Πομπήϊος ἔχαιρε τῇ συντυχίᾳ, νομίζων ἐν μέσῳ τῆς πόλεως καὶ τῆς αὐτοῦ στρατιᾶς ἀπειλῆφθαι τὸν Σερτώριον καὶ πρὸς τοὺς Λαυρωνίτας εἰσέπεμψε θαρρεῖν κελεύων καὶ καθῆσθαι περὶ τὰ τείχη θεωμένους πολιορκούμενον Σερτώριον.
But as Sertorius anticipated him, Pompey stopped his army and was pleased with the occurrence, thinking that Sertorius was caught in the middle between the city and his own army; and he sent a message to the people of Lauro, bidding them to be of good courage and to sit by their walls and watch Sertorius being besieged.
§18.4ἐκεῖνος δʼ ἀκούσας ἐγέλασε, καὶ τὸν Σύλλα μαθητὴν οὕτω γὰρ τὸν Πομπήϊον ἐπισκώπτων προσηγόρευεν αὐτὸς ἔφη διδάξειν ὅτι δεῖ τὸν στρατηγὸν κατόπιν μᾶλλον ἢ κατὰ πρόσωπον βλέπειν.
Sertorius, on hearing this, laughed, and said that he himself would teach "Sulla's pupil"—for so he mockingly called Pompey—that a general ought to look behind rather than in front.
ταῦτα δὲ λέγων ἅμα τοῖς πολιορκουμένοις ἐπεδείκνυεν ἑξακισχιλίους ὁπλίτας ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ καταλελειμμένους ἐπὶ τοῦ προτέρου χάρακος, ὅθεν ὁρμηθεὶς κατειλήφει τὸν λόφον, ὅπως ἐπὶ σφᾶς τρεπομένῳ τῷ Πομπηΐῳ κατὰ νώτου προσπέσοιεν.
Saying this, he at the same time pointed out to the besieged six thousand heavy-armed soldiers whom he had left behind at his former camp, whence he had started to occupy the hill, so that if Pompey turned against them, they might fall upon his rear.
§18.5ὃ δὴ καὶ Πομπήϊος ὀψὲ μάλα συμφρονήσας ἐπιχειρεῖν μὲν οὐκ ἐθάρρει κύκλωσιν δεδοικώς, ἀπολιπεῖν δὲ ᾐσχύνετο κινδυνεύοντας ἀνθρώπους, παρὼν δὲ καὶ καθήμενος ἠναγκάζετο ὁρᾶν ἀπολλυμένους·
When Pompey also realized this, though very late, he did not dare to attack, fearing encirclement, but he was ashamed to abandon men in danger; so, being present and sitting there, he was forced to watch them perish.
ἀπέγνωσαν γὰρ αὑτοὺς οἱ βάρβαροι καὶ τῷ Σερτωρίῳ παρέδωκαν.
For the barbarians despaired of themselves and surrendered to Sertorius.
§18.6ὁ δὲ τῶν μὲν σωμάτων ἐφείσατο καὶ πάντας ἀφῆκε, τὴν δὲ πόλιν κατέπρησεν, οὐχ ὑπʼ ὀργῆς οὐδʼ ὠμότητος, ἐλάχιστα γὰρ δοκεῖ θυμῷ χαρίσασθαι τῶν στρατηγῶν οὗτος ἁνήρ, ἀλλʼ ἐπʼ αἰσχύνῃ καὶ κατηφείᾳ τῶν τεθαυμακότων Πομπήϊον, ἵνα ᾖ λόγος ἐν τοῖς βαρβάροις ὅτι παρὼν ἐγγὺς καὶ μονονοὺ θερμαινόμενος τῷ πυρὶ τῶν συμμάχων οὐ προσήμυνεν.
Sertorius spared their lives and let them all go, but he burned the city, not out of anger or cruelty—for this man seems of all generals to have indulged his anger least—but to bring shame and dejection upon those who admired Pompey, so that there might be a report among the barbarians that though he was present close by and almost warmed by the fire, he did not help his allies.

Notes

  1. 18.1τοῦ Μετέλλου... οὐκ ἀναφέροντος — Genitive absolute construction, where the noun phrase `τοῦ Μετέλλου` functions as the subject and the present participle `οὐκ ἀναφέροντος` as the predicate. The verb `ἀναφέρω` here means "to hold out against" or "to cope with."
  2. 18.2οὔπω γενειῶν — The genitive `γενειῶν` (growing a beard) is a genitive of time or lack, indicating that Pompey received triumphal honors (`τιμῶν... θριαμβικῶν`) at an extremely young age, before he had even grown a beard.
  3. 18.3βοηθήσων — These are future participles expressing purpose (as are the subsequent `προληψόμενος` and `κωλύσων`), meaning "in order to help," "in order to preoccupy," and "in order to prevent" respectively.
  4. 18.4ὅπως ἐπὶ σφᾶς... προσπέσοιεν — A purpose clause introduced by `ὅπως` with the optative `προσπέσοιεν`. `σφᾶς` (third-person plural reflexive pronoun) refers to Sertorius's troops, and `τρεπομένῳ τῷ Πομπηΐῳ` is a dative participle phrase meaning "upon Pompey turning against them."

Cite this passage

Plutarch, Life of Sertorius §18.1-18.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg042.humanitext-grc2:18.1-18.6

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