Humanitext Reader

Plutarch · Life of Eumenes §7.1-7.8

Death of Craterus and Single Combat with Neoptolemus

Passage 7 of 19 · Greek

Summary

Eumenes posts foreign cavalry against Craterus to launch a swift attack, leading to Craterus's death after a fierce struggle. Meanwhile, Eumenes defeats Neoptolemus in single combat and later weeps over the dying Craterus.

§7.1ἀντέταξε δὲ Κρατερῷ Μακεδόνων μὲν οὐδένα, δύο δὲ ἱππαρχίας ξενικάς, ὧν Φαρνάβαζος ὁ Ἀρταβάζου καὶ Φοῖνιξ ὁ Τενέδιος ἡγοῦντο, διακελευσάμενος ὀφθέντων τῶν πολεμίων ἐλαύνειν κατὰ τάχος καὶ συμπλέκεσθαι, μὴ διδόντας ἀναστροφὴν μηδὲ φωνὴν, μηδὲ κήρυκα πεμπόμενον προσιεμένους.
Against Craterus, Eumenes posted no Macedonian, but two brigades of foreign cavalry, which were commanded by Pharnabazus the son of Artabazus and Phoenix of Tenedos, giving them strict orders that as soon as the enemy was seen they should charge at full speed and engage them, giving them no time to turn nor any opportunity to speak, and not receiving any herald who might be sent.
ἐδεδίει γὰρ ἰσχυρῶς τοὺς Μακεδόνας, μὴ γνωρίσαντες τὸν Κρατερὸν οἴχωνται μεταβαλόμενοι πρὸς ἐκεῖνον.
For he was terribly afraid of his Macedonians, lest they should recognize Craterus and go over to him.
§7.2αὐτὸς δὲ τοὺς ἐρρωμενεστάτους ἱππεῖς τριακοσίους εἰς ἄγημα συντάξας καὶ παρελάσας ἐπὶ τὸ δεξιόν ἔμελλε τοῖς περὶ Νεοπτόλεμον ἐπιχειρεῖν.
He himself, having drawn up three hundred of his strongest horsemen into a squadron and ridden along to the right, intended to attack Neoptolemus.
ὡς δὲ τὸν ἐν μέσῳ λόφον ὑπερβαλόντες ὤφθησαν ὀξεῖαν καὶ μεθʼ ὁρμῆς σφοδροτέρας ποιούμενοι τὴν ἔφοδον, ἐκπλαγεὶς ὁ Κρατερὸς καὶ πολλὰ λοιδορήσας τὸν Νεοπτόλεμον ὡς ἐξηπατημένος ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ περὶ τῆς τῶν Μακεδόνων μεταβολῆς, ἐγκελευσάμενος ἀνδραγαθεῖν τοῖς περὶ αὑτὸν ἡγεμόσιν ἀντεξήλασε.
But when they came over the intervening hill and were seen making their charge swift and with greater impetus, Craterus was astonished, and with many curses on Neoptolemus for having deceived him about the defection of the Macedonians, he exhorted the officers about him to play the man, and rode out to meet the enemy.
§7.3γενομένης δὲ τῆς πρώτης συρράξεως βαρείας καὶ τῶν δοράτων ταχὺ συντριβέντων, τοῦ δὲ ἀγῶνος ἐν τοῖς ξίφεσιν ὄντος, οὐ καταισχύνας ὁ Κρατερὸς τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον, ἀλλὰ πολλοὺς μὲν καταβαλών, πολλάκις δὲ τρεψάμενος τοὺς ἀντιτεταγμένους, τέλος δὲ πληγεὶς ὑπὸ Θρᾳκὸς ἐκ πλαγίων προσελάσαντος ἀπερρύη τοῦ ἵππου.
The shock of the first collision was heavy and their spears were quickly shattered, and the battle coming to swords, Craterus did no dishonor to Alexander, but after striking down many and putting those arrayed against him to flight many times, he was at last wounded by a Thracian who rode up from the side, and fell from his horse.
§7.4πεσόντα δὲ αὑτὸν οἱ μὲν ἄλλοι παρήλασαν ἀγνοοῦντες, Γοργίας δὲ τῶν Εὐμενοῦς στρατηγῶν ἔγνω τε καὶ καταβὰς περιέστησε φρουρὰν τῷ σώματι κακῶς ἤδη διακειμένου καὶ δυσθανατοῦντος.
As he lay there, the others rode past him without knowing him, but Gorgias, one of Eumenes' generals, recognized him, and dismounting, stationed a guard around his body, as he was already in a bad state and dying hard.
ἐν τούτῳ δὲ καὶ Νεοπτόλεμος Εὐμενεῖ συνήρχετο.
Meanwhile, Neoptolemus also closed with Eumenes.
μισοῦντες γὰρ ἀλλήλους πάλαι καὶ διʼ ὀργῆς ἔχοντες ἐν μὲν δυσὶν ἀναστροφαῖς οὐ κατεῖδον, ἐν δὲ τῇ τρίτῃ γνωρίσαντες εὐθὺς ἤλαυνον, σπασάμενοι τὰ ἐγχειρίδια καὶ βοῶντες.
For having long hated each other and being full of wrath, they did not catch sight of each other in two turns, but in the third, recognizing each other, they immediately rode together, drawing their daggers and shouting.
§7.5τῶν δὲ ἵππων ἐξ ἐναντίας βίᾳ συμπεσόντων ὥσπερ τριήρων, τὰς ἡνίας ἀφέντες ἀλλήλων ἐπεδράξαντο ταῖς χερσί, τά τε κράνη περισπῶντες καὶ περιρρηγνύντες ἐκ τῶν ἐπωμίδων τοὺς θώρακας, πρὸς δὲ τὸν σπαραγμὸν ὑπεκδραμόντων ἅμα τῶν ἵππων, ἀπορρυέντες εἰς γῆν καὶ περιπεσόντες ἀλλήλοις ἐν λαβαῖς ἦσαν καὶ διεπάλαιον.
Their horses crashing together head-on with the violence of triremes, they let go the reins and clutched at each other with their hands, dragging off each other's helmets and tearing the breastplates from their shoulders; and when the horses ran out from under them in this struggle, they fell to the ground, and falling upon each other, they grappled and wrestled.
§7.6εἶτα ὁ μὲν Εὐμενὴς τοῦ Νεοπτολέμου προεξανισταμένου τὴν ἰγνύαν ὑπέκοψεν αὐτὸς εἰς ὀρθὸν φθάσας καταστῆναι, ὁ δὲ Νεοπτόλεμος εἰς θάτερον ἐρεισάμενος γόνυ, θάτερον δὲ πεπηρωμένος, ἠμύνετο μὲν εὐρώστως κάτωθεν, οὐ θανασίμους δὲ πληγὰς ὑποφέρων, πληγεὶς δὲ παρὰ τὸν τράχηλον ἔπεσε καὶ παρείθη.
Then, as Neoptolemus was trying to rise first, Eumenes, anticipating him and getting upright himself, hamstrung him; and Neoptolemus, leaning upon one knee and disabled in the other, defended himself vigorously from below, though inflicting no mortal wounds, but being struck in the neck, he fell and lay paralyzed.
§7.7τοῦ δὲ Εὐμενοῦς διʼ ὀργὴν καὶ μῖσος παλαιὸν τά τε ὅπλα περισπῶντος αὐτοῦ καὶ κακῶς λέγοντος, ἔτι τὸ ξίφος ἔχων ἔλαθεν ὑπὸ τὸν θώρακα τρώσας, ᾗ παρέψαυσε τοὑ βουβῶνος ἀποβάς.
But as Eumenes, because of his old anger and hatred, was stripping his arms from him and reviling him, Neoptolemus, still holding his sword, managed to wound him under the breastplate where it touched the groin.
ἡ δὲ πληγὴ μᾶλλον ἐφόβησεν ἢ ἔβλαψε τὸν Εὐμενῆ, διʼ ἀσθένειαν ἀμυδρὰ γενομένη.
The blow, however, rather startled than hurt Eumenes, being feeble because of weakness.
σκυλεύσας δὲ τὸν νεκρόν εἶχε μὲν χαλεπῶς ὑπὸ τραυμάτων μηροὺς καὶ βραχίονας διακεκομμένος, ὅμως δὲ ἀναβληθεὶς ἐπὶ τὸν ἵππον ἐδίωκε πρὸς θάτερον κέρας, ὡς ἔτι συνεστώτων τῶν πολεμίων.
Having despoiled the corpse, though he was in a painful state from wounds, his thighs and arms being cut, he nevertheless had himself lifted onto his horse and rode to the other wing, believing that the enemy were still holding together.
§7.8πυθόμενος δὲ τὴν Κρατεροῦ τελευτὴν καὶ προσελάσας, ὡς εἶδεν ἐμπνέοντα καὶ συνιέντα, καταβὰς ἀπεδάκρυσε καὶ τὴν δεξιὰν ἐνέβαλε, καὶ πολλὰ μὲν ἐλοιδόρησε τὸν Νεοπτόλεμον, πολλὰ δὲ ἐκεῖνον μὲν ᾠκτίσατο τῆς τύχης, αὑτὸν δὲ τῆς ἀνάγκης, διʼ ἣν ἀνδρὶ φίλῳ καὶ συνήθει ταῦτα πεισόμενος ἢ δράσων συνηνέχθη.
But hearing of Craterus' death and riding up, when he saw him still breathing and conscious, he dismounted and wept over him, grasping his right hand; and he cursed Neoptolemus many times, and pitied Craterus for his misfortune, and himself for the necessity which had brought him to such a pass as to suffer or inflict this upon a friend and intimate.

Notes

  1. §7.1ὀφθέντων τῶν πολεμίων — Genitive absolute construction, expressing time or condition ("as soon as the enemy was seen").
  2. §7.1μὴ γνωρίσαντες τὸν Κρατερὸν οἴχωνται μεταβαλόμενοι πρὸς ἐκεῖνον — A clause introduced by the conjunction of fearing μή, with the verb οἴχωνται (subjunctive) accompanied by the circumstantial participles γνωρίσαντες and μεταβαλόμενοι. The verb οἴχομαι combined with a participle expresses the idea of "going off/away having done something."
  3. §7.4κακῶς ἤδη διακειμένου καὶ δυσθανατοῦντος — Genitive absolute construction. The subject is omitted but refers to τῷ σώματι (his body, i.e., Craterus) in the preceding clause.
  4. §7.6φθάσας καταστῆναι — The verb φθάνω with the infinitive καταστῆναι, meaning "to do something before someone else / to anticipate" (though usually construed with a participle, here it takes the infinitive).
  5. §7.8ᾠκτίσατο τῆς τύχης — The verb of emotion οἰκτίρομαι (here in the middle-deponent form ᾠκτίσατο) taking a genitive of cause or reason (τῆς τύχης).

Cite this passage

Plutarch, Life of Eumenes §7.1-7.8. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg041.humanitext-grc2:7.1-7.8

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.