Humanitext Reader

Plutarch · Life of Eumenes §1.1-1.3

Eumenes' Origins and Early Royal Service

Passage 1 of 19 · Greek

Summary

The passage discusses Eumenes of Cardia's background, education, and introduction to the service of King Philip, followed by his rise under Alexander the Great as chief secretary, where he gained high military command and royal family ties through marriage.

§1.1εὐμενῆ δὲ τὸν Καρδιανὸν ἱστορεῖ Δοῦρις πατρὸς μὲν ἁμαξεύοντος ἐν Χερρονήσῳ διὰ πενίαν γενέσθαι, τραφῆναι δὲ ἐλευθερίως ἐν γράμμασι καὶ περὶ παλαίστραν· ἔτι δὲ παιδὸς ὄντος αὐτοῦ Φίλιππον παρεπιδημοῦντα καὶ σχολὴν ἄγοντα τὰ τῶν Καρδιανῶν θεάσασθαι παγκράτια μειρακίων καὶ παλαίσματα παίδων, ἐν οἷς εὐημερήσαντα τὸν Εὐμενῆ καὶ φανέντα συνετὸν καὶ ἀνδρεῖον ἀρέσαι τῷ Φιλίππῳ καὶ ἀναληφθῆναι.
Duris reports that Eumenes the Cardian was born of a father who, because of poverty, was a wagoner in the Chersonese, but that he was educated liberally in letters and in the wrestling-school; and that while he was still a boy, Philip, who was visiting the place and taking his leisure, beheld the pancratium of the young men of Cardia and the wrestling of the boys, in which Eumenes, having distinguished himself and appearing intelligent and brave, pleased Philip and was taken into his service.
§1.2δοκοῦσι δὲ εἰκότα λέγειν μᾶλλον οἱ διὰ ξενίαν καὶ φιλίαν πατρῴαν τὸν Εὐμενῆ λέγοντες ὑπὸ τοῦ Φιλίππου προαχθῆναι.
But those who say that Eumenes was promoted by Philip because of guest-friendship and ancestral friendship seem to speak with more probability.
μετὰ δὲ τὴν ἐκείνου τελευτὴν οὔτε συνέσει τινὸς οὔτε πίστει λείπεσθαι δοκῶν τῶν περὶ Ἀλέξανδρον ἐκαλεῖτο μὲν ἀρχιγραμματεύς, τιμῆς δὲ ὥσπερ οἱ μάλιστα φίλοι καὶ συνήθεις ἐτύγχανεν, ὥστε καὶ στρατηγὸς ἀποσταλῆναι κατὰ τὴν Ἰνδικὴν ἐφʼ ἑαυτοῦ μετὰ δυνάμεως, καὶ τὴν Περδίκκου παραλαβεῖν ἱππαρχίαν, ὅτε Περδίκκας, ἀποθανόντος Ἡφαιστίωνος, εἰς τὴν ἐκείνου προῆλθε τάξιν.
After Philip's death, since Eumenes was thought to be inferior to none of Alexander's companions in either intelligence or fidelity, he was called chief secretary, but he enjoyed the same honor as those who were closest friends and intimates, so that he was even sent out as a general with a force on his own command during the Indian expedition, and succeeded to Perdiccas' cavalry command when Perdiccas, upon the death of Hephaestion, was promoted to the latter's post.
§1.3διὸ καὶ Νεοπτολέμου τοῦ ἀρχιυπασπιστοῦ μετὰ τὴν Ἀλεξάνδρου τελευτὴν λέγοντος ὡς αὐτὸς μὲν ἀσπίδα καὶ λόγχην, Εὐμενὴς δὲ γραφεῖον ἔχων καὶ πινακίδιον ἠκολούθει, κατεγέλων οἱ Μακεδόνες, μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων καλῶν τὸν Εὐμενῆ καὶ τῆς κατὰ τὸν γάμον οἰκειότητος ὑπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως εἰδότες ἀξιωθέντα.
For this reason, when Neoptolemus, the chief shield-bearer, said after Alexander's death that he himself had followed the king with shield and spear, whereas Eumenes had followed with stylus and writing-tablet, the Macedonians laughed him to scorn, knowing that Eumenes, besides his other honors, had also been deemed worthy by the king of alliance through marriage.
Βαρσίνην γὰρ τὴν Ἀρταβάζου πρώτην ἐν Ἀσίᾳ γνοὺς ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος, ἐξ ἧς υἱὸν ἔσχεν Ἡρακλέα, τῶν ταύτης ἀδελφῶν Πτολεμαίῳ μὲν Ἀπάμαν, Εὐμενεῖ δὲ Βαρσίνην ἐξέδωκεν, ὅτε καὶ τὰς ἄλλας Περσίδας διένειμε καὶ συνῴκισε τοῖς ἑταίροις.
For Alexander, having known Barsine, the daughter of Artabazus, as his first woman in Asia, by whom he had a son, Heracles, gave her sisters in marriage—Apama to Ptolemy and Barsine to Eumenes—at the time when he distributed the other Persian women and married them to his companions.

Notes

  1. 1.1ἱστορεῖ Δοῦρις ... γενέσθαι, τραφῆναι δὲ ... θεάσασθαι ... ἀρέσαι ... καὶ ἀναληφθῆναι — An accusative and infinitive construction (indirect discourse) dependent on the main verb ἱστορεῖ (Duris reports). Although the sentence is long, γενέσθαι, τραφῆναι, θεάσασθαι, ἀρέσαι, and ἀναληφθῆναι are all coordinate infinitives functioning as the object of ἱστορεῖ.
  2. 1.2οὔτε συνέσει τινὸς οὔτε πίστει λείπεσθαι δοκῶν τῶν περὶ Ἀλέξανδρον — The genitive of comparison τῶν περὶ Ἀλέξανδρον (than those around Alexander) depends on the passive infinitive λείπεσθαι (to be left behind, to be inferior), which is modified by the datives of respect συνέσει and πίστει (in intelligence, in fidelity).
  3. 1.3τῶν ταύτης ἀδελφῶν Πτολεμαίῳ μὲν Ἀπάμαν, Εὐμενεῖ δὲ Βαρσίνην ἐξέδωκεν — The phrase τῶν ταύτης ἀδελφῶν is a partitive genitive, modifying Ἀπάμαν and Βαρσίνην, which are the direct objects of ἐξέδωκεν (gave in marriage). The structure means 'from her sisters, [he gave] Apama... and Barsine...'.

Cite this passage

Plutarch, Life of Eumenes §1.1-1.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg041.humanitext-grc2:1.1-1.3

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.