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Plutarch · Comparison of Nicias and Crassus §5.1-5.2

Military Generalship and Deaths of Nicias and Crassus

Passage 5 of 5 · Greek

Summary

Contrasts the military campaigns and final moments of Nicias and Crassus, comparing Nicias's cautious failure and shameful end to Crassus's reckless errors and treacherous death.

§5.1ἐν δὲ ταῖς στρατηγίαις αὐταῖς Νικίου μὲν οὐκ ὀλίγα γενναῖα· καὶ γὰρ μάχαις πολλαῖς ἐνίκησε τοὺς πολεμίους, καὶ τοῦ λαβεῖν Συρακούσας ὀλίγον ἐδέησε, καὶ πάντα διʼ αὑτὸν οὐκ ἔπταισεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ νόσον ἄν τις αἰτιάσαιτο καὶ φθόνον τῶν οἴκοι πολιτῶν Κράσσος δὲ διὰ πλῆθος ἁμαρτημάτων οὐδὲν τῇ τύχῃ χρηστὸν ἀποδείξασθαι παρῆκεν, ὥστε θαυμάζειν αὐτοῦ τὴν ἀβελτερίαν οὐ τῆς Πάρθων δυνάμεως ἡττηθεῖσαν, ἀλλὰ τῆς Ῥωμαίων εὐτυχίας περιγενομένην.
And in their military campaigns themselves, there are not a few noble deeds on Nicias's part; for indeed, he defeated the enemy in many battles, and came within a little of taking Syracuse, and did not fail in everything through his own fault, but one might blame his illness and the envy of the citizens at home. But Crassus, through a multitude of errors, left no opportunity for fortune to show anything favorable, so that one wonders at his stupidity, which was not vanquished by the power of the Parthians, but got the better of the good fortune of the Romans.
§5.2ἐπεὶ δʼ ὁ μὲν μηδενὸς τῶν ἀπὸ μαντικῆς καταφρονῶν, ὁ δὲ πάντα ὑπερορῶν ὁμοίως ἀπώλοντο, χαλεπὴ μὲν ἐν τούτοις ἡ ἀσφάλεια καὶ δύσκριτος, ἐπιεικέστερον δὲ τοῦ παρανόμου καὶ αὐθάδους τὸ μετὰ δόξης παλαιᾶς καὶ συνήθους διʼ εὐλάβειαν ἁμαρτανόμενον.
And since the one, while despising nothing of the arts of divination, and the other, while disregarding all of them, perished in like manner, safety in these matters is difficult and hard to decide; but more pardonable than what is lawless and self-willed is the error committed through caution in accordance with ancient and customary belief.
περὶ μέντοι τὴν τελευτὴν ἀμεμπτότερος ὁ Κράσσος οὐ παραδοὺς ἑαυτὸν οὐδὲ δεθεὶς οὐδὲ φενακισθείς, ἀλλʼ εἴξας τοῖς φίλοις δεομένοις καὶ παρασπονδηθεὶς ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίων ὁ δὲ Νικίας αἰσχρᾶς καὶ ἀκλεοῦς ἐλπίδι σωτηρίας ὑποπεσὼν τοῖς πολεμίοις αἰσχίονα ἑαυτῷ τὸν θάνατον ἐποίησεν.
However, regarding their end, Crassus is more blameless, not having surrendered himself, nor having been bound, nor having been duped, but having yielded to his pleading friends and having been treated treacherously by the enemy; whereas Nicias, having cast himself down before the enemy in the shameful and inglorious hope of safety, made his death more shameful for himself.

Notes

  1. 5.1τοῦ λαβεῖν ... ὀλίγον ἐδέησε — Syntactic construction of the impersonal verb ὀλίγου δεῖ ('came within a little of doing,' 'almost did'). Here ὀλίγον is used adverbially, and the infinitive λαβεῖν is accompanied by the genitive article τοῦ.
  2. 5.1ὥστε θαυμάζειν αὐτοῦ τὴν ἀβελτερίαν οὐ τῆς Πάρθων δυνάμεως ἡττηθεῖσαν, ἀλλὰ τῆς Ῥωμαίων εὐτυχίας περιγενομένην — Result clause introduced by ὥστε with infinitive θαυμάζειν. The participles ἡττηθεῖσαν and περιγενομένην agree with τὴν ἀβελτερίαν (accusative object of θαυμάζειν). Note the genitive complements: τῆς δυνάμεως acts as the agent/cause of the passive ἡττηθεῖσαν, while τῆς εὐτυχίας is the genitive of comparison governed by περιγενομένην ('getting the better of').
  3. 5.2τὸ ... ἁμαρτανόμενον — Substantive use of the neuter singular present passive participle with the article, serving as the subject of the clause ('the error committed'). It is contrasted with the substantively used genitives τοῦ παρανόμου καὶ αὐθάδους, which function as the object of comparison.

Cite this passage

Plutarch, Comparison of Nicias and Crassus §5.1-5.2. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg040.humanitext-grc2:5.1-5.2

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