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Plutarch · Comparison of Nicias and Crassus §2.1-2.5

Political Careers and Achievements: Nicias and Crassus

Passage 2 of 5 · Greek

Summary

The political careers of Nicias and Crassus are compared, contrasting Nicias' caution and cowardice with Crassus' violence and high-spirited ambition against formidable rivals. The author evaluates Nicias' achievement in securing peace as a divine accomplishment that far surpasses any potential conquest by Crassus.

§2.1περὶ μὲν τοῦ πλούτου τοσαῦτα·
So much for their wealth.
τοῖς δὲ πολιτεύμασι τοῦ μὲν Νικίου πανοῦργον οὐδὲν οὐδὲ ἄδικον οὐδὲ βίαιον πρόσεστιν οὐδὲ θρασύτης, ἀλλʼ ἐξηπατᾶτο μᾶλλον ὑπὸ Ἀλκιβιάδου καὶ τῷ δήμῳ προσῄει μετʼ εὐλαβείας, τοῦ δὲ Κράσσου πολλὴν μὲν ἐν ταῖς πρὸς ἔχθραν καὶ φιλίαν μεταβολαῖς ἀπιστίαν καὶ ἀνελευθερίαν κατηγοροῦσι, βίᾳ δʼ οὐδʼ αὐτὸς ἠρνεῖτο τὴν ὑπατείαν μετιέναι, μισθωσάμενος ἄνδρας τοὺς Κάτωνι καὶ Δομιτίῳ τὰς χεῖρας προσοίσοντας.
But in their political careers, Nicias' conduct was free of all trickery, injustice, violence, and arrogance; rather, he was deceived by Alcibiades and approached the people with caution. On the other hand, people accuse Crassus of much faithlessness and meanness in his shifts between enmity and friendship, and he himself did not deny that he sought the consulship by violence, having hired men to lay hands on Cato and Domitius.
§2.2ἐν δὲ τῇ περί τῶν ἐπαρχιῶν ψηφοφορίᾳ τοῦ δήμου πολλοὶ μὲν ἐτρώθησαν, ἔπεσον δὲ τέσσαρες, αὐτὸς δʼ, ὅπερ ἡμᾶς ἐν τῇ διηγήσει παρελήλυθε, Λεύκιον Ἀννάλιον, ἄνδρα βουλευτήν, ἀντιλέγοντα πὺξ πατάξας εἰς τὸ πρόσωπον ἐξέβαλεν ᾑμαγμένον.
And in the people's voting concerning the provinces, many were wounded and four fell dead; and he himself—a detail which escaped us in our narrative—struck Lucius Annalius, a senator who was speaking against him, in the face with his fist and drove him out covered with blood.
§2.3ὡς δὲ περί ταῦτα βίαιος ὁ Κράσσος καὶ τυραννικός, οὕτως αὖ πάλιν ἐκείνου τὸ ψοφοδεὲς ἐν τῇ πολιτείᾳ καὶ ἄτολμον καὶ τοῖς κακίστοις ὑφειμένον τῶν μεγίστων ἐπιλήψεων ἄξιον ὁ δὲ Κράσσος ὑψηλὸς περί γε ταῦτα καὶ μεγαλόφρων, οὐ πρὸς Κλέωνας οὐδʼ Ὑπερβόλους, μὰ Δία, τοῦ ἀγῶνος ὄντος, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὴν Καίσαρος λαμπρότητα καὶ τρεῖς τοῦ Πομπηΐου θριάμβους, οὐχ ὑπείξας, ἀλλʼ ἀντάρας ἑκατέρῳ τὴν δύναμιν, ἀξιώματι δὲ τῆς τιμητικῆς ἀρχῆς καὶ Πομπήιον ὑπερβαλόμενος.
Now, just as Crassus was violent and tyrannical in these matters, so again that other's fearfulness in public life, his lack of daring, and his yielding to the worst men deserve the greatest censure. Crassus, however, was high-spirited and magnanimous in these matters; for—by Zeus—the contest was not against Cleons or Hyperboluses, but against the splendor of Caesar and the three triumphs of Pompey, and he did not yield to them, but raised his power to match each of them, and even surpassed Pompey in the dignity of the censorship.
§2.4δεῖ γὰρ ἐπὶ μεγίστοις οὐ τὸ ἀνεπίφθονον, ἀλλὰ τὸ λαμπρὸν ἐν πολιτείᾳ λαμβάνειν, μεγέθει δυνάμεως ἐξαμαυροῦντα τὸν φθόνον.
For in the greatest matters, one must choose in public life not what is free from envy, but what is brilliant, obscuring envy by the magnitude of power.
εἰ δʼ ἐξ ἅπαντος ἀγαπᾶς ἀσφάλειαν καὶ ἡσυχίαν, καὶ δέδιας Ἀλκιβιάδην μὲν ἐπὶ τοῦ βήματος, ἐν δὲ Πύλῳ Λακεδαιμονίους, Περδίκκαν δʼ ἐν Θρᾴκῃ, πολλὴν εὐρυχωρίαν ἡ πόλις ἔχει σχολῆς ἐκ μέσου γενόμενον καθῆσθαι πλέκοντα τῆς ἀταραξίας σεαυτῷ στέφανον, ὡς ἔνιοι σοφισταὶ λέγουσιν.
But if you completely cherish safety and quiet, and fear Alcibiades on the speaker's platform, the Lacedaemonians at Pylos, and Perdiccas in Thrace, the city has plenty of room for leisure, where you may sit far from public affairs, weaving a crown of tranquility for yourself, as some sophists say.
§2.5ὁ μὲν γὰρ τῆς εἰρήνης ἔρως θεῖος ἦν ὡς ἀληθῶς, καὶ τὸ λῦσαι τὸν πόλεμον ἑλληνικώτατον πολίτευμα· καὶ τῆς πράξεως ἕνεκα ταύτης οὐκ ἄξιον Νικίᾳ παραβαλεῖν Κράσσον, οὐδʼ εἰ τὸ Κάσπιον φέρων πέλαγος ἢ τὸν Ἰνδὸν ὠκεανὸν τῇ Ῥωμαίων ἡγεμονίᾳ προσώρισεν.
For his love of peace was truly divine, and the ending of the war was a most Greek achievement; and for the sake of this action, it is not fitting to compare Crassus with Nicias, not even if he had annexed the Caspian Sea or the Indian Ocean to the Roman empire.

Notes

  1. §2.1τοῖς δὲ πολιτεύμασι — The dative `τοῖς πολιτεύμασι` indicates the sphere or respect ("in their political careers"). In the sentence structure, the first part uses `τοῦ μὲν Νικίου` with `πρόσεστιν` (acting like a genitive of possession), while the second part uses `τοῦ δὲ Κράσσου` as the object of the verb `κατηγοροῦσι` (which governs the genitive), combining asymmetric constructions for contrast.
  2. §2.1τοὺς Κάτωνι καὶ Δομιτίῳ τὰς χεῖρας προσοίσοντας — The attributive future participle `τοὺς ... προσοίσοντας` modifies `ἄνδρας`, expressing intention or purpose ("men who would/were to lay hands on..."). Derived from `προσφέρω`, it governs the datives `Κάτωνι καὶ Δομιτίῳ` and the accusative `τὰς χεῖρας`, forming the idiom meaning "to attack" or "to resort to violence against."
  3. §2.3τοῦ ἀγῶνος ὄντος — A genitive absolute construction expressing reason or background ("since the contest was..."). The negative `οὐ` negates `πρὸς Κλέωνας οὐδʼ Ὑπερβόλους`, emphasizing that the struggle was not directed against such figures as Cleon or Hyperbolus.
  4. §2.4πολλὴν εὐρυχωρίαν ἡ πόλις ἔχει σχολῆς — The genitive `σχολῆς` is a genitive of description or content modifying `εὐρυχωρίαν` ("ample room for leisure"). Although some interpretations suggest reading it as the dative `σχολῇ` ("in quiet/at leisure"), retaining the manuscript's genitive `σχολῆς` to mean "ample space consisting of/for leisure" is grammatically sound.
  5. §2.5οὐδʼ εἰ ... προσώρισεν — A conditional clause with `εἰ` + aorist indicative (`προσώρισεν`). The main clause `οὐκ ἄξιον [ἦν] παραβαλεῖν` is an impersonal expression representing a past counterfactual condition or concession ("even if he had annexed..."). The copula `ἦν` (imperfect) is omitted in the main clause; adjectives of propriety or necessity (like `ἄξιον`) can form counterfactual apodoses without the particle `ἄν`.

Cite this passage

Plutarch, Comparison of Nicias and Crassus §2.1-2.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg040.humanitext-grc2:2.1-2.5

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