Humanitext Reader

Plutarch · Life of Cimon §5.1-5.4

Cimon's Virtues and His Rise in Athenian Politics

Passage 5 of 19 · Greek

Summary

Cimon's virtues and political abilities are praised in comparison with Miltiades and Themistocles. His symbolic action at the Acropolis during the Persian invasion won him public support, leading to his rise in politics under the patronage of Aristides.

§5.1τὰ δʼ ἄλλα πάντα τοῦ ἤθους ἀγαστὰ καὶ γενναῖα τοῦ Κίμωνος.
In all other respects, Cimon's character was admirable and noble.
οὔτε γὰρ τόλμῃ Μιλτιάδου λειπόμενος οὔτε συνέσει Θεμιστοκλέους, δικαιότερος ἀμφοῖν ὁμολογεῖται γενέσθαι, καὶ ταῖς πολεμικαῖς οὐδὲ μικρὸν ἀποδέων ἀρεταῖς ἐκείνων ἀμήχανον ὅσον ἐν ταῖς πολιτικαῖς ὑπερβαλέσθαι νέος ὢν ἔτι καὶ πολέμων ἄπειρος.
For, falling short neither of Miltiades in daring nor of Themistocles in sagacity, he is acknowledged to have been more just than both of them; and while falling not even a little short of them in military virtues, he is acknowledged to have surpassed them to an incredible degree in political affairs, though he was still young and inexperienced in war.
§5.2ὅτε γὰρ τὸν δῆμον ἐπιόντων Μήδων Θεμιστοκλῆς ἔπειθε προέμενον τὴν πόλιν καὶ τὴν χώραν ἐκλιπόντα πρὸ τῆς Σαλαμῖνος ἐν ταῖς ναυσὶ τὰ ὅπλα θέσθαι καὶ διαγωνίσασθαι κατὰ θάλατταν, ἐκπεπληγμένων τῶν πολλῶν τὸ τόλμημα πρῶτος Κίμων ὤφθη διὰ τοῦ Κεραμεικοῦ φαιδρὸς ἀνιὼν εἰς τὴν ἀκρόπολιν μετὰ τῶν ἑταίρων ἵππου τινὰ χαλινὸν ἀναθεῖναι τῇ θεῷ, διὰ χειρῶν κομίζων, ὡς οὐδὲν ἱππικῆς ἀλκῆς, ἀλλὰ ναυμάχων ἀνδρῶν ἐν τῷ παρόντι τῆς πόλεως δεομένης.
For when, upon the invasion of the Medes, Themistocles was persuading the people to abandon their city, leave their country, and, embarking on their ships before Salamis, to fight it out at sea, and while the multitude was terrified at this daring proposal, Cimon was seen first of all, with a cheerful countenance, going up through the Ceramicus to the Acropolis with his companions, carrying a horse's bridle in his hands to dedicate it to the goddess, as a sign that the city had no need of equestrian prowess at the present time, but rather of men to fight at sea.
§5.3ἀναθεὶς δὲ τὸν χαλινὸν καὶ λαβὼν ἐκ τῶν περὶ τὸν ναὸν κρεμαμένων ἀσπίδων, καὶ προσευξάμενος τῇ θεῷ, κατέβαινεν ἐπὶ θάλασσαν, οὐκ ὀλίγοις ἀρχὴ τοῦ θαρρεῖν γενόμενος.
And having dedicated the bridle, and having taken one of the shields hung up around the temple, and having prayed to the goddess, he went down to the sea, becoming for not a few the beginning of confidence.
ἦν δὲ καὶ τὴν ἰδέαν οὐ μεμπτός, ὡς Ἴων ὁ ποιητής φησιν, ἀλλὰ μέγας, οὔλῃ καὶ πολλῇ τριχὶ κομῶν τὴν κεφαλήν.
Moreover, he was not to be found fault with in his appearance, as Ion the poet says, but was tall, with curly and abundant hair covering his head.
φανεὶς δὲ καὶ κατʼ αὐτὸν τὸν ἀγῶνα λαμπρὸς καὶ ἀνδρώδης ταχὺ δόξαν ἐν τῇ πόλει μετʼ εὐνοίας ἔσχεν, ἀθροιζομένων πολλῶν πρὸς αὐτὸν καὶ παρακαλούντων ἄξια τοῦ Μαραθῶνος ἤδη διανοεῖσθαι καὶ πράσσειν.
And having shown himself brilliant and manly in the battle itself, he quickly gained a great reputation combined with goodwill in the city, as many gathered to him and encouraged him to think and act in a manner worthy of Marathon.
§5.4ὁρμήσαντα δʼ αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὴν πολιτείαν ἄσμενος ὁ δῆμος ἐδέξατο, καὶ μεστὸς ὢν τοῦ Θεμιστοκλέους ἀνῆγε πρὸςτὰς μεγίστας ἐν τῇ πόλει τιμὰς καὶ ἀρχάς, εὐάρμοστον ὄντα καὶ προσφιλῆ τοῖς πολλοῖς διὰ πρᾳότητα καὶ ἀφέλειαν.
And when he set out upon a political career, the people welcomed him gladly; and being sated with Themistocles, they promoted him to the highest honors and offices in the city, since he was adaptable and dear to the multitude because of his gentleness and simplicity.
οὐχ ἥκιστα δὲ αὐτὸν ηὔξησεν Ἀριστείδης ὁ Λυσιμάχου, τὴν εὐφυΐαν ἐνορῶν τῷ ἤθει, καὶ ποιούμενος οἷον ἀντίπαλον πρὸς τὴν Θεμιστοκλέους δεινότητα καὶ τόλμαν.
And not least did Aristides the son of Lysimachus promote him, discerning the excellence of his nature in his character, and making him, as it were, a rival to the cleverness and daring of Themistocles.

Notes

  1. 5.1ἀμήχανον ὅσον — An idiomatic expression consisting of an exclamatory relative pronoun, functioning as an adverb meaning "incredibly" or "to an unimaginable degree," modifying the infinitive `ὑπερβαλέσθαι`.
  2. 5.2ἐκπεπληγμένων τῶν πολλῶν τὸ τόλμημα — `ἐκπεπληγμένων τῶν πολλῶν` forms a genitive absolute. The middle-passive participle `ἐκπεπληγμένων` (from `ἐκπλήσσω`, "to terrify/be terrified") takes `τὸ τόλμημα` ("the daring proposal") as its direct object in the accusative case.
  3. 5.2ὡς οὐδὲν ἱππικῆς ἀλκῆς, ἀλλὰ ναυμάχων ἀνδρῶν ἐν τῷ παρόντι τῆς πόλεως δεομένης — A genitive absolute construction introduced by `ὡς` (indicating a subjective reason, "thinking that..."), where `τῆς πόλεως` is the subject and `δεομένης` is the participle. The verb `δέομαι` (to need) governs the genitives `οὐδὲν ἱππικῆς ἀλκῆς` and `ναυμάχων ἀνδρῶν`.
  4. 5.3τὴν ἰδέαν — The accusative form of `ἰδέα` (appearance), functioning here as an accusative of respect (or relation), meaning "with respect to his appearance" or "in appearance."
  5. 5.4μεστὸς ὢν τοῦ Θεμιστοκλέους — The adjective `μεστός` (full, sated) governs the genitive case (`τοῦ Θεμιστοκλέους`). Here it is used metaphorically to mean "sated with" or "tired of" Themistocles, describing the psychological state of the people.

Cite this passage

Plutarch, Life of Cimon §5.1-5.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg035.humanitext-grc2:5.1-5.4

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