Humanitext Reader

Plutarch · Life of Flamininus §10.1-10.6

Proclamation of Greek Freedom at the Isthmian Games

Passage 10 of 21 · Greek

Summary

Titus decides to withdraw garrisons from all Greek cities to silence Aetolian criticism, and proclaims the freedom of Greece at the Isthmian Games, where the crowd's immense cheers cause flying crows to fall.

§10.1ἐπεὶ δὲ οἱ δέκα πρέσβεις, οὓς ἡ σύγκλητος ἔπεμψε τῷ Τίτῳ, συνεβούλευον τοὺς μὲν ἄλλους Ἕλληνας ἐλευθεροῦν, Κόρινθον δὲ καὶ Χαλκίδα καὶ Δημητριάδα διατηρεῖν ἐμφρούρους ἕνεκα τῆς πρὸς Ἀντίοχον ἀσφαλείας, ἐνταῦθα δὴ ταῖς κατηγορίαις λαμπροὶ λαμπρῶς τὰς πόλεις ἀνερρήγνυσαν Αἰτωλοί, τὸν μὲν Τίτον κελεύοντες τὰς πέδας τῆς Ἑλλάδος λύειν (οὕτω γὰρ ὁ Φίλιππος εἰώθει τὰς προειρημένας πόλεις ὀνομάζειν), §10.2τοὺς δὲ Ἕλληνας ἐρωτῶντες εἰ κλοιὸν ἔχοντες βαρύτερον μὲν, λειότερον δὲ τοῦ πάλαι τὸν νῦν, χαίρουσι, καὶ θαυμάζουσι τὸν Τίτον ὡς εὐεργέτην, ὅτι τοῦ ποδὸς λύσας τὴν Ἑλλάδα τοῦ τραχήλου δέδεκεν.
But when the ten commissioners, whom the senate had sent to Titus, advised freeing the other Greeks, but keeping Corinth, Chalcis, and Demetrias garrisoned for security against Antiochus, then indeed the Aetolians, loud in their accusations, violently agitated the cities, demanding that Titus loose "the fetters of Greece" (for so Philip had been accustomed to call the aforementioned cities), and asking the Greeks whether they rejoiced in having a collar which, though smoother than the old one, was heavier now, and why they marveled at Titus as a benefactor, because, having loosed Greece by the foot, he had bound her by the neck.
ἐφʼ οἷς ἀχθόμενος ὁ Τίτος καὶ βαρέως φέρων, καὶ δεόμενος τοῦ συνεδρίου, τέλος ἐξέπεισε καὶ ταύτας τὰς πόλεις ἀνεῖναι τῆς φρουρᾶς, ὅπως ὁλόκληρος ἡ χάρις ὑπάρξῃ παρʼ αὐτοῦ τοῖς Ἕλλησιν.
Titus, being vexed and taking this heavily, and entreating the council, finally persuaded them to release also these cities from their garrison, so that the favor from him to the Greeks might be complete.
§10.3Ἰσθμίων οὖν ἀγομένων πλῆθος μὲν ἀνθρώπων ἐν τῷ σταδίῳ καθῆστο τὸν γυμνικὸν ἀγῶνα θεωμένων, οἷα δὴ διὰ χρόνων πεπαυμένης μὲν πολέμων τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἐπʼ ἐλπίσιν ἐλευθερίας, σαφεῖ δὲ εἰρήνῃ πανηγυριζούσης τῇ σάλπιγγι δὲ σιωπῆς εἰς ἅπαντας διαδοθείσης, §10.4προελθὼν εἰς μέσον ὁ κῆρυξ ἀνεῖπεν ὅτι Ῥωμαίων ἡ σύγκλητος καὶ Τίτος Κοΐντιος στρατηγὸς ὕπατος καταπολεμήσαντες βασιλέα Φίλιππον καὶ Μακεδόνας, ἀφιᾶσιν ἀφρουρήτους καὶ ἐλευθέρους καὶ ἀφορολογήτους, νόμοις χρωμένους τοῖς πατρίοις, Κορινθίους, Λοκρούς, Φωκεῖς, Εὐβοέας, Ἀχαιοὺς Φθιώτας, Μάγνητας, Θετταλούς, Περραιβούς.
The Isthmian games therefore being held, a multitude of people sat in the stadium, watching the athletic contest, since Greece, having ceased from wars after a long time, was celebrating under hopes of freedom in assured peace, and when silence had been spread to all by the trumpet, the herald, coming forward into the midst, proclaimed that the senate of the Romans and Titus Quinctius, proconsular general, having defeated King Philip and the Macedonians, dismissed ungarrisoned, free, and untaxed, using their ancestral laws, the Corinthians, Locrians, Phocians, Euboeans, Phthiotic Achaeans, Magnetes, Thessalians, and Perrhaebians.
τὸ μὲν οὖν πρῶτον οὐ πάνυ πάντες οὐδὲ σαφῶς ἐπήκουσαν, ἀλλʼ ἀνώμαλος καὶ θορυβώδης κίνησις ἦν ἐν τῷ σταδίῳ θαυμαζόντων καὶ διαπυνθανομένων καὶ πάλιν ἀνειπεῖν κελευόντων·
At first, then, not quite all heard clearly, but there was a confused and turbulent movement in the stadium of people wondering, inquiring of one another, and ordering him to proclaim it again.
§10.5ὡς δὲ αὖθις ἡσυχίας γενομένης ἀναγαγὼν ὁ κῆρυξ τὴν φωνὴν προθυμότερον εἰς ἅπαντας ἐγεγώνει καὶ διῆλθε τὸ κήρυγμα, κραυγὴ μὲν ἄπιστος τὸ μέγεθος διὰ χαρὰν ἐχώρει μέχρι θαλάττης, ὀρθὸν δὲ ἀνειστήκει τὸ θέατρον, οὐδεὶς δὲ λόγος ἦν τῶν ἀγωνιζομένων, ἔσπευδον δὲ πάντες ἀναπηδῆσαι καὶ δεξιώσασθαι καὶ προσειπεῖν τὸν σωτῆρα τῆς Ἑλλάδος καὶ πρόμαχον.
But when silence had been made again, the herald, raising his voice, shouted more eagerly to all and went through the proclamation; a shout, incredible in its magnitude, went up for joy as far as the sea, and the whole theatre stood up straight, and there was no thought of the competitors, but all rushed to leap up, shake hands with, and salute the savior and champion of Greece.
§10.6τὸ δὲ πολλάκις λεγόμενον εἰς ὑπερβολὴν τῆς φωνῆς καὶ μέγεθος ὤφθη τότε.
And what is often said regarding the exaggeration and magnitude of a voice was then seen.
κόρακες γὰρ ὑπερπετόμενοι κατὰ τύχην ἔπεσον εἰς τὸ στάδιον.
For crows flying over by chance fell down into the stadium.
αἰτία δὲ ἡ τοῦ ἀέρος ῥῆξις· ὅταν γὰρ ἡ φωνὴ πολλὴ καὶ μεγάλη φέρηται, διασπώμενος ὑπʼ αὐτῆς οὐκ ἀντερείδει τοῖς πετομένοις, ἀλλʼ ὀλίσθημα ποιεῖ καθάπερ κενεμβατοῦσιν, εἰ μὴ νὴ Δία πληγῇ τινι μᾶλλον ὡς ὑπὸ βέλους διελαυνόμενα πίπτει καὶ ἀποθνῄσκει, δύναται δὲ καὶ περιδίνησις εἶναι τοῦ ἀέρος, οἷον ἑλιγμὸν ἐν πελάγει καὶ παλιρρύμην τοῦ σάλου διὰ μέγεθος λαμβάνοντος.
The cause was the rupture of the air; for when the voice is carried abundant and great, the air, being torn apart by it, does not support flying things, but makes a slip for them, just as if they were treading on empty space, unless indeed, by Zeus, they fall and die, transfixed rather by a sort of blow as if from a dart; or it may be a vortex of the air, taking on a sort of whirlpool in the open sea and a back-flow of the surge because of its magnitude.

Notes

  1. 10.1ταῖς κατηγορίαις λαμπροὶ λαμπρῶς — The juxtaposition of the adjective λαμπροί and the cognate adverb λαμπρῶς emphasizes the sheer force and vehemence of the Aetolians' accusations. Along with the subsequent verb ἀνερρήγνυσαν ('violently shook' or 'rifted'), it depicts their agitation of the cities as highly dramatic and disruptive.
  2. 10.3πλῆθος... θεωμένων — A case of constructio ad sensum (agreement according to sense), where the genitive plural participle θεωμένων agrees with the individuals implied by the collective singular noun πλῆθος (and explicitly expressed by the genitive plural ἀνθρώπων) rather than the singular noun itself.
  3. 10.6εἰ μὴ νὴ Δία — The particles νὴ Δία ('by Zeus', a strong oath) are inserted into the conditional phrase εἰ μή ('unless') to introduce a strong, dramatic alternative hypothesis (that the birds are actually struck down by a physical impact as if by a missile) in contrast to the previous vacuum theory.

Cite this passage

Plutarch, Life of Flamininus §10.1-10.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg028.humanitext-grc2:10.1-10.6

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