§3.1ὅτι μέν δὴ τῆς πολιτικῆς ἄνθρωπος ἀρετῆς οὐ κτᾶται τελειοτέραν, ὁμολογούμενόν ἐστι ταύτης δέ που μόριον οἱ πλεῖστοι τὴν οἰκονομικὴν οὐ οὐμικρόν τίθενται·
That a man does not acquire a more perfect virtue than political virtue is agreed upon; and indeed most people set household management as no small part of this.
καὶ γὰρ ἡ πόλις οἴκων τι σύστημα καὶ κεφάλαιον οὖσα ῥώννυται πρὸς τὰ δημόσια τοῖς ἰδίοις βίοις τῶν πολιτῶν εὐθενούντων, ὅπου καὶ Λυκοῦργος ἐξοικίσας μέν ἄργυρον, §3.2ἐξοικίσας δὲ χρυσὸν τῆς Σπάρτης, νόμισμα δὲ διεφθαρμένου πυρὶ σιδήρου θέμενος αὐτοῖς οἰκονομίας οὐκ ἀπήλλαξε τοὺς πολίτας, ἀλλά τὰ τρυφῶντα καὶ ὕπουλα καὶ φλεγμαίνοντα τοῦ πλούτου περιελών, ὅπως εὐπορήσωσι τῶν ἀναγκαίων καὶ χρησίμων ἅπαντες, ὡς ἄλλος οὐδεὶς νομοθέτης προὐνόησε, τὸν ἄπορον καὶ ἀνέστιον καὶ πένητα σύνοικον ἐπὶ κοινωνίᾳ πολιτείας μᾶλλον τοῦ πλουσίου καὶ ὑπερόγκου φοβηθείς.
For the city, being a kind of system and sum of households, is strengthened for public affairs when the private lives of the citizens are prosperous, where even Lycurgus, though he banished silver, and banished gold from Sparta, and established for them a currency of iron rendered useless by fire, did not release the citizens from household management, but rather removed the luxurious, underhanded, and inflamed portions of wealth, so that all might have an abundance of what is necessary and useful, as no other lawgiver had foreseen, fearing the resourceless, homeless, and poor fellow-citizen for the partnership of the constitution more than the rich and oversized.
§3.3φαίνεται τοίνυν ὁ μέν Κάτων οὐδέν τι φαυλότερος οἴκου προστάτης ἢ πόλεως γενόμενος· καὶ γὰρ αὐτὸς ηὔξησε τὸν αὑτοῦ βίον καὶ κατέστη διδάσκαλος οἰκονομίας καὶ γεωργίας ἑτέροις, πολλὰ καὶ χρήσιμα περὶ τούτων συνταξάμενος·
It appears, therefore, that Cato was in no way a meaner guardian of a house than of a city; for he himself increased his own livelihood and became a teacher of household management and agriculture to others, having composed many useful works on these subjects.
Ἀριστείδης δὲ τῇ πενίᾳ καὶ τὴν δικαιοσύνην συνδιέβαλεν ὡς οἰκοφθόρον καὶ πτωχοποιὸν καὶ πᾶσι μᾶλλον ἢ τοῖς κεκτημένοις ὠφέλιμον.
Aristides, on the other hand, by his poverty brought justice also into disrepute as something that ruins households, makes men beggars, and is beneficial to everyone else rather than to those who possess it.
§3.4καίτοι πολλὰ μέν Ἡσίοδος πρὸς δικαιοσύνην ἅμα καὶ οἰκονομίαν παρακαλῶν ἡμᾶς εἴρηκε καὶ τὴν ἀργίαν ὡς ἀδικίας ἀρχὴν λελοιδόρηκεν, εὖ δὲ καὶ Ὁμήρῳ πεποίηται· "
ἔργον δέ μοι οὐ φίλον ἦεν
οὐδʼ οἰκωφελίη, ἥ τε τρέφει ἀγλαά τέκνα,
ἀλλά μοι αἰεὶ νῆες ἐπήρετμοι φίλαι ἦσαν
καὶ πόλεμοι καὶ ἄκοντες ἐύξεστοι καὶ ὀϊστοί·
And yet, Hesiod has said much to exhort us to justice and at the same time to household management, and has reviled idleness as the beginning of injustice, and it has been finely written by Homer: "But work was not dear to me, nor household-care, which rears glorious children; but always to me oared ships were dear, and wars, and polished javelins, and arrows.
"
ὡς τοὺς αὐτοὺς ἀμελοῦντας οἰκίας καὶ ποριζομένους ἐξ ἀδικίας.
"as though the same people neglect their households and provide for themselves through injustice.
§3.5οὐ γὰρ, ὡς τοὔλαιον οἱ ἰατροί φασι τοῦ σώματος εἶναι τοῖς μέν ἐκτὸς ὠφελιμώτατον, τοῖς δʼ ἐντὸς βλαβερώτατον, οὕτως ὁ δίκαιος ἑτέροις μέν ἐστι χρήσιμος, αὑτοῦ δὲ καὶ τῶν ἰδίων ἀκηδής, ἀλλʼ ἔοικε ταύτῃ πεπηρῶσθαι τῷ Ἀριστείδῃ τὸ πολιτικόν, εἴπερ, ὡς οἱ πλεῖστοι λέγουσιν, οὐδὲ προῖκα τοῖς θυγατρίοις οὐδὲ ταφὴν αὐτῷ καταλιπέσθαι προὐνόησεν.
For it is not the case that, just as physicians say oil is most beneficial to the outside of the body but most harmful to the inside, so the just man is useful to others but careless of himself and his own; rather, the political capacity seems to have been crippled in this respect for Aristides, if indeed, as most people say, he did not even foresee leaving dowries for his little daughters or a burial for himself.
§3.6ὅθεν ὁ μὲν Κάτωνος οἶκος ἄχρι γένους τετάρτου στρατηγοὺς καὶ ὑπάτους τῇ Ῥώμῃ παρεῖχε· καὶ γὰρ υἱωνοὶ καὶ τούτων ἔτι παῖδες ἦρξαν ἀρχὰς τὰς μεγίστας·
Hence, the household of Cato provided generals and consuls to Rome down to the fourth generation; for his grandsons and even their children held the greatest offices.
τῆς δʼ Ἀριστείδου τοῦ πρωτεύσαντος Ἑλλήνων γενεᾶς ἡ πολλὴ καὶ ἄπορος πενίᾳ τοὺς μέν εἰς ἀγυρτικοὺς κατέβαλε πίνακας, τοὺς δὲ δημοσίῳ τὰς χεῖρας ἐράνῳ διʼ ἔνδειαν ὑπέχειν ἠνάγκασεν, οὐδενὶ δὲ λαμπρὸν οὐδέν οὐδʼ ἄξιον ἐκείνου τοῦ ἀνδρὸς φρονῆσαι παρέσχεν.
But of the lineage of Aristides, who held the first place among Greeks, the greater and destitute part was reduced by poverty to fortune-telling tablets, while others were forced by want to stretch out their hands to public charity, and it allowed none of them to achieve any distinction or to possess pride worthy of that man.