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Plutarch · Life of Cato the Elder §11.1-11.3

Scipio's Rivalry in Spain and Cato's Later Public Life

Passage 11 of 27 · Greek

Summary

Scipio the Great succeeds Cato in Iberia but accomplishes nothing due to a senate decree preserving Cato's arrangements. After his triumph, Cato refuses to slacken his efforts and remains highly active in public and military affairs.

§11.1ἔτι δʼ αὐτοῦ διατρίβοντος ἐν Ἰβηρίᾳ Σκηπίων ὁ μέγας, ἐχθρὸς ὢν καὶ βουλόμενος ἐνστῆναι κατορθοῦντι καὶ τὰς Ἰβηρικὰς πράξεις ὑπολαβεῖν, διεπράξατο τῆς ἐπαρχίας ἐκείνης ἀποδειχθῆναι διάδοχος.
While he was still tarrying in Iberia, Scipio the Great, who was his enemy and wished to obstruct his success and take over his campaigns in Iberia, managed to be appointed successor to that province.
σπεύσας δʼ ὡς ἐνῆν τάχιστα κατέπαυσε τὴν ἀρχὴν τοῦ Κάτωνος, ὁ δὲ λαβὼν σπείρας ὁπλιτῶν πέντε καὶ πεντακοσίους ἱππεῖς προπομπούς κατεστρέψατο μὲν τὸ Λακετανῶν ἔθνος, ἑξακοσίους δὲ τῶν ηὐτομοληκότων κομισάμενος ἀπέκτεινεν.
Hastening as fast as possible, he put an end to Cato's command. But Cato, taking five cohorts of hoplites and five hundred cavalry as his escort, subdued the tribe of the Lacetanians, and having rounded up six hundred of those who had deserted, he put them to death.
§11.2ἐφʼ οἷς σχετλιάζοντα τὸν Σκηπίωνα κατειρωνευόμενος οὕτως ἔφη τὴν Ῥώμην ἔσεσθαι μεγίστην, τῶν μὲν ἐνδόξων καὶ μεγάλων τὰ τῆς ἀρετῆς πρωτεῖα μὴ μεθιέντων τοῖς ἀσημοτέροις, τῶν δʼ ὥσπερ αὐτός ἐστι δημοτικῶν ἁμιλλωμένων ἀρετῇ πρὸς τοὺς τῷ γένει καὶ τῇ δόξῃ προήκοντας.
Mocking Scipio, who was indignant at these things, Cato said that Rome would be greatest if the illustrious and great men did not relinquish the prize of virtue to those of lower rank, and if, on the other hand, commoners like himself contended in virtue with those who surpassed them in birth and reputation.
οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ τῆς συγκλήτου ψηφισαμένης μηδὲν ἀλλάττειν μηδὲ κινεῖν τῶν διῳκημένων ὑπὸ Κάτωνος, ἡ μὲν ἀρχὴ τῷ Σκηπίωνι τῆς αὐτοῦ μᾶλλον ἢ τῆς Κάτωνος ἀφελοῦσα δόξης ἐν ἀπραξίᾳ καὶ σχολῇ μάτην διῆλθεν,
Nevertheless, since the senate voted to alter or disturb nothing of the arrangements made by Cato, Scipio's command, which detracted from his own reputation rather than from Cato's, passed in vain in inactivity and leisure.
§11.3ὁ δὲ Κάτων θριαμβεύσας οὐχ, ὥσπερ οἱ πλεῖστοι τῶν μὴ πρὸς ἀρετήν, ἀλλὰ πρὸς δόξαν ἁμιλλωμένων, ὅταν εἰς τὰς ἄκρας τιμὰς ἐξίκωνται καὶ τύχωσιν ὑπατείας καὶ θριάμβων, ἤδη τὸ λοιπὸν εἰς ἡδονὴν καὶ σχολὴν συσκευασάμενοι τὸν βίον ἐκ τῶν κοινῶν ἀπίασιν, οὕτω καὶ αὐτός ἐζανῆκε καὶ κατέλυσε τὴν ἀρετήν, ἀλλʼ ὅμοια τοῖς πρῶτον ἁπτομένοις πολιτείας καὶ διψῶσι τιμῆς καὶ δόξης ἀφʼ ἑτέρας ἀρχῆς συντείνας ἑαυτὸν ἐν μέσῳ παρεῖχε καὶ φίλοις χρῆσθαι καὶ πολίταις, οὔτε τὰς συνηγορίας οὔτε τὰς στρατείας ἀπειπάμενος.
But Cato, having celebrated a triumph, did not slacken or abandon his virtue, as do most of those who contend not for virtue but for reputation, who, when they have reached the highest honors and obtained consulships and triumphs, thenceforth arrange their lives for pleasure and leisure and withdraw from public affairs; but, like those who are first touching public life and are thirsty for office and reputation, pulling himself together as if from a new beginning, he offered himself in public for both friends and citizens to employ, refusing neither advocacy in the courts nor campaigns.

Notes

  1. 11.1κατορθοῦντι — Present participle dative masculine singular, meaning 'succeeding' or 'prospering'. It functions as the dative object of `ἐνστῆναι` ('to oppose' or 'to obstruct'), modifying an implied pronoun `αὐτῷ` referring to Cato.
  2. 11.2τῶν μὲν ἐνδόξων καὶ μεγάλων τὰ τῆς ἀρετῆς πρωτεῖα μὴ μεθιέντων τοῖς ἀσημοτέροις, τῶν δʼ ὥσπερ αὐτός ἐστι δημοτικῶν ἁμιλλωμένων ἀρετῇ — Two genitive absolute clauses are coordinated by `μέν` and `δέ`, together expressing a conditional force ('if...'). They modify the accusative and infinitive clause `τὴν Ῥώμην ἔσεσθαι μεγίστην` (that Rome would be greatest).
  3. 11.3ἐζανῆκε — A manuscript variant for `ἐξανῆκε`, the active aorist of `ἐξανίημι` (to relax, slacken). It correlates with the negative `οὐχ ὥσπερ...` at the beginning of the comparison, expressing that Cato did not relax his efforts like most other men after achieving a triumph.

Cite this passage

Plutarch, Life of Cato the Elder §11.1-11.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg025.humanitext-grc2:11.1-11.3

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