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Plutarch · Life of Fabius Maximus §22.1-22.6

Recapture of Tarentum and Massacre of the Bruttians

Passage 22 of 27 · Greek

Summary

Fabius lures Hannibal away through a diversionary tactic and captures Tarentum using an insider, but orders the massacre of the Bruttian informants to conceal the treachery, followed by the plunder of the city.

§22.1πραττομένων δὲ τούτων, ὁ Φάβιος περισπάσαι τὸν Ἀννίβαν τεχνάζων ἐπέστειλε τοῖς ἐν Ῥηγίῳ στρατιώταις τὴν Βρεττίαν καταδραμεῖν καὶ Καυλωνίαν ἐξελεῖν κατὰ κράτος στρατοπεδεύσαντας, ὀκτακισχιλίους ὄντας, αὐτομόλους δὲ τοὺς πολλοὺς καὶ τῶν ἐκ Σικελίας ὑπὸ Μαρκέλλου κεκομισμένων ἀτίμων τοὺς ἀχρηστοτάτους καὶ μετʼ ἐλαχίστης τῇ πόλει λύπης καὶ βλάβης ἀπολουμένους.
While these things were being done, Fabius, scheming to distract Hannibal, sent orders to the soldiers in Rhegium to overrun the Bruttian territory and, having encamped, to take Caulonia by storm. These soldiers were eight thousand in number, most of them deserters, and the most useless of those returned from Sicily by Marcellus who were in disgrace, such as would perish with the least grief and damage to the city.
§22.2ἤλπιζε γὰρ τούτους προέμενος τῷ Ἀννίβᾳ καὶ δελεάσας ἀπάξειν αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ Τάραντος· ὃ καὶ συνέβαινεν.
For he hoped that, by throwing these men before Hannibal as a bait, he would draw him away from Tarentum; and this indeed came to pass.
εὐθὺς γὰρ ἐκεῖ διώκων ὁ Ἀννίβας ἐρρύη μετὰ τῆς δυνάμεως, ἡμέρᾳ δʼ ἕκτῃ τοὺς Ταραντίνους τοῦ Φαβίου περιστρατοπεδεύσαντος, ὁ προδιειλεγμένος τῷ Βρεττίῳ μετὰ τῆς ἀδελφῆς νεανίσκος ἧκε νύκτωρ πρὸς αὐτόν, εἰδὼς ἀκριβῶς καὶ καθεωρακὼς τὸν τόπον ἐφʼ οὗ παραφυλάττων ὁ Βρέττιος ἔμελλεν ἐνδώσειν καὶ παρήσειν τοῖς προσβάλλουσιν.
For Hannibal, pursuing them, immediately rushed thither with his force, and on the sixth day after Fabius had encamped around the Tarentines, the young man who had previously parleyed with the Bruttian through his sister came by night to him, knowing accurately and having observed the spot where the Bruttian, keeping watch, was going to yield and admit the attackers.
§22.3οὐ μὴν ἁπλῶς γε τῆς προδοσίας ἐξήρτησεν ὁ Φάβιος τὴν πρᾶξιν, ἀλλʼ αὐτὸς μὲν ἐκεῖσε παρελθὼν ἡσυχίαν ἦγεν, ἡ δʼ ἄλλη στρατιὰ προσέβαλλε τοῖς τείχεσιν ἔκ τε γῆς καὶ θαλάττης ἅμα, ποιοῦσα πολλὴν κραυγὴν καὶ θόρυβον, ἄχρι οὗ τῶν πλείστων Ταραντίνων ἐκεῖ βοηθούντων καὶ συμφερομένων τοῖς τειχομαχοῦσιν ἐσήμηνε τῷ Φαβίῳ τὸν καιρὸν ὁ Βρέττιος, καὶ διὰ κλιμάκων ἀναβὰς ἐκράτησε τῆς πόλεως.
However, Fabius did not depend on the treachery alone for the enterprise, but he himself went to that spot and remained quiet, while the rest of the army attacked the walls from both land and sea at the same time, making a great shouting and clamour, until, while most of the Tarentines were running to help there and gathering against those fighting on the walls, the Bruttian signaled the right moment to Fabius, and having gone up by ladders, Fabius took possession of the city.
§22.4ἐνταῦθα μέντοι δοκεῖ φιλοτιμίας ἥττων γενέσθαι· τοὺς γὰρ Βρεττίους πρώτους ἀποσφάττειν ἐκέλευσεν, ὡς μὴ προδοσίᾳ τὴν πόλιν ἔχων φανερὸς γένοιτο, καὶ ταύτης τε διήμαρτε τῆς δόξης καὶ διαβολὴν ἀπιστίας προσέλαβε καὶ ὠμότητος.
On this occasion, however, he seems to have been overcome by ambition; for he ordered the Bruttians to be slaughtered first, so that it might not be manifest that he held the city by treachery, and he both failed of this glory and gained a reputation for bad faith and cruelty.
ἀπέθανον δὲ πολλοὶ καὶ τῶν Ταραντίνων· οἱ δὲ πραθέντες ἐγένοντο τρισμύριοι, καὶ τὴν πόλιν ἡ στρατιὰ διήρπασεν ἀνηνέχθη δʼ εἰς τὸ δημόσιον τρισχίλια τάλαντα.
Many of the Tarentines also were killed; and those sold into slavery amounted to thirty thousand, and the army plundered the city, and three thousand talents were brought into the public treasury.
§22.5πάντων δὲ τῶν ἄλλων ἀγομένων καὶ φερομένων λέγεται τὸν γραμματέα πυθέσθαι τοῦ Φαβίου περὶ τῶν θεῶν τί κελεύει, τὰς γραφὰς οὕτω προσαγορεύσαντα καὶ τοὺς ἀνδριάντας· τὸν οὖν Φάβιον εἰπεῖν ἀπολείπωμεν τοὺς θεοὺς Ταραντίνοις κεχολωμένους. §22.6οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ τὸν κολοσσὸν τοῦ Ἡρακλέους μετακομίσας ἐκ Τάραντος ἔστησεν ἐν Καπιτωλίῳ, καὶ πλησίον ἔφιππον εἰκόνα χαλκῆν ἑαυτοῦ, πολὺ Μαρκέλλου φανεὶς ἀτοπώτερος περὶ ταῦτα, μᾶλλον δʼ ὅλως ἐκεῖνον ἄνδρα πρᾳότητι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ θαυμαστὸν ἀποδείξας, ὡς ἐν τοῖς περὶ ἐκείνου γέγραπται.
While everything else was being plundered and carried off, it is said that the secretary asked Fabius concerning the gods, what he commanded, designating the paintings and the statues in this manner; and that Fabius replied: "Let us leave to the Tarentines their angry gods." Nevertheless, he transported the colossal statue of Hercules from Tarentum and set it up on the Capitol, and near it a bronze equestrian statue of himself, showing himself much more tasteless than Marcellus in these matters, or rather, making that man's character shine out as wonderful for gentleness and humanity, as has been written in the biography of that man.

Notes

  1. 22.1ἀπολουμένους — The future participle in the genitive masculine plural, modifying the preceding group. It carries a sense of destiny or suitability ('destined to perish' or 'such as would perish'), highlighting Fabius's cold calculation that their loss would cause minimal grief to Rome.
  2. 22.2μετὰ τῆς ἀδελφῆς — The prepositional phrase with `μετά` and the genitive indicates that the young man parleyed with the Bruttian 'by means of' or 'together with' his sister, modifying the participle `προδιειλεγμένος`.
  3. 22.3ἀναβὰς ἐκράτησε — Note the change of subject. Although `ὁ Βρέττιος` (the Bruttian) is the subject of the immediately preceding clause, the subject of the main verbs `ἀναβάς` and `ἐκράτησε` switches back to Fabius, who scaled the wall and captured the city.
  4. 22.4ὡς μὴ προδοσίᾳ τὴν πόλιν ἔχων φανερὸς γένοιτο — A negative purpose clause introduced by `ὡς μή` with the optative `γένοιτο` (due to sequence of tenses after a historical main verb). The nominative participle `ἔχων` agrees with the subject of `γένοιτο`, functioning as a supplementary participle with the copulative adjective `φανερός` ('lest he should appear holding...').
  5. 22.5κεχολωμένους — Perfect middle-passive participle in the accusative plural, agreeing with `τοὺς θεοὺς`. It functions predicatively ('leave the gods in their state of anger'), meaning Fabius sarcastically suggests leaving the statues behind because the gods are angry with the Tarentines and would do them no good.

Cite this passage

Plutarch, Life of Fabius Maximus §22.1-22.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg013.humanitext-grc2:22.1-22.6

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