Humanitext Reader

Plutarch · Life of Publicola §19.1-19.6

The Escape of Cloelia and Peace with Porsena

Passage 19 of 23 · Greek

Summary

The Roman maidens escape their hostage status by swimming across the Tiber, and though Poplicola sends them back to maintain good faith, Porsena honors their bravery, releases them, and leaves his wealthy camp to the Romans upon reconciliation.

§19.1πραττομένων δὲ τούτων τοῦ τε Πορσίνα πᾶσαν ἤδη τὴν πολεμικὴν ἀνεικότος παρασκευὴν διὰ πίστιν, αἱ παρθένοι τῶν Ῥωμαίων κατῆλθον ἐπὶ λουτρόν ἔνθα δὴ μηνοειδής τις ὄχθη περιβάλλουσα τὸν ποταμὸν ἡσυχίαν μάλιστα καὶ γαλήνην τοῦ κύματος παρεῖχεν.
While these things were being done, and Porsena had already relaxed all his warlike preparations because of his trust, the Roman maidens went down to bathe at a place where a crescent-shaped bank, enclosing the river, provided great quietness and calmness of the wave.
ὡς δʼ οὔτε τινὰ φυλακὴν ἑώρων οὔτε παριόντας ἄλλως ἢ διαπλέοντας, ὁρμὴν ἔσχον ἀπονή ξασθαι πρὸς ῥεῦμα πολὺ καὶ δίνας βαθείας.
When they saw neither any guard, nor anyone passing by other than those sailing across, they had an impulse to swim across against the strong current and deep eddies.
§19.2ἔνιοι δέ φασι μίαν αὐτῶν, ὄνομα Κλοιλίαν, ἵππῳ διεξελάσαι τὸν πόρον, ἐγκελευομένην ταῖς ἄλλαις νεούσαις καὶ παραθαρρύνουσαν.
And some say that one of them, named Cloelia, crossed the ford on horseback, encouraging and cheering on the others who were swimming.
ἐπεὶ δὲ σωθεῖσαι πρὸς τὸν Ποπλικόλαν ἧκον, οὐκ ἐθαύμασεν οὐδʼ ἠγάπησεν, ἀλλʼ ἠνιάθη, ὅτι Πορσίνα κακίων ἐν πίστει φανεῖται, καὶ τὸ τόλμημα τῶν παρθένων αἰτίαν ἕξει κακούργημα Ῥωμαίων γεγονέναι.
But when they arrived safely and came to Poplicola, he did not admire or welcome them, but was vexed, because he would appear worse than Porsena in good faith, and the daring deed of the maidens would bear the accusation of having been a treacherous act of the Romans.
διὸ συλλαβὼν αὐτὰς πάλιν ἀπέστειλε πρὸς τὸν Πορσίναν.
Therefore, seizing them, he sent them back to Porsena.
§19.3ταῦτα δʼ οἱ περὶ τὸν Ταρκύνιον προαισθόμενοι, καὶ καθίσαντες ἐνέδραν τοῖς ἄγουσι τὰς παῖδας, ἐν τῷ περᾶν ἐπέθεντο πλείονες ὄντες.
But the party of Tarquin, having perceived this beforehand and having set an ambush for those conducting the girls, attacked them during the crossing, being superior in numbers.
ἐκείνων δὲ ὅμως ἀμυνομένων, ἡ Ποπλικόλα θυγάτηρ Οὐαλλερία διὰ μέσων ὁρμήσασα τῶν μαχομένων ἀπέφυγε, καὶ τρεῖς τινες οἰκέται συνδιεκπεσόντες ἔσῳζον αὐτήν, τῶν δʼ ἄλλων οὐκ ἀκινδύνως ἀναμεμιγμένων τοῖς μαχομένοις, αἰθόμενος Ἄρρων ὁ Πορσίνα υἱὸς ὀξέως προσεβοήθησε, καὶ φυγῆς γενομένης τῶν πολεμίων περιεποίησε τοὺς Ῥωμαίους.
Though the escorts nevertheless defended themselves, Valeria, the daughter of Poplicola, rushed through the midst of the combatants and escaped, and three servants, breaking through with her, saved her. While the others were mingled not without danger with the combatants, Arruns, the son of Porsena, having perceived it, quickly came to help, and routing the enemy, saved the Romans.
§19.4ὡς δὲ τὰς παρθένους κομισθείσας ὁ Πορσίνας εἶδε, τὴν καταρξαμένην τῆς πράξεως καὶ παρακελευσαμένην ταῖς ἄλλαις ἐζήτει.
When Porsena saw the maidens brought back, he searched for the one who had initiated the deed and encouraged the others.
ἀκούσας δὲ τὸ ὄνομα τῆς Κλοιλίας προσέβλεψεν αὐτὴν ἵλεῳ καὶ φαιδρῷ τῷ προσώπῳ, καὶ κελεύσας ἵππον ἀχθῆναι τῶν βασιλικῶν κεκοσμημένον εὐπρεπῶς ἐδωρήσατο.
Hearing the name of Cloelia, he looked at her with a merciful and cheerful countenance, and ordering one of the royal horses decorated handsomely to be brought, he presented it to her.
τοῦτο ποιοῦνται μαρτύριον οἱ μόνην τὴν Κλοιλίαν λέγοντες ἵππῳ διεξελάσαι τὸν ποταμόν.
Those who say that Cloelia alone crossed the river on horseback use this as a proof.
§19.5οἱ δʼ οὔ φασιν, ἀλλὰ τιμῆσαι τὸ ἀνδρῶδες αὐτῆς τὸν Τυρρηνόν.
But others say not so, but that the Tuscan honored her masculine courage.
ἀνάκειται δὲ τὴν ἱερὰν ὁδὸν πορευομένοις εἰς Παλάτιον ἀνδριὰς αὐτῆς ἔφιππος, ὅν τινες οὐ τῆς Κλοιλίας, ἀλλὰ τῆς Οὐαλλερίας εἶναι λέγουσιν.
There stands an equestrian statue of her for those traveling along the Sacred Way to the Palatine, which some say is not of Cloelia, but of Valeria.
ὁ δὲ Πορσίνας διαλλαγεὶς τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις ἄλλην τε ἑαυτοῦ πολλὴν μεγαλοφροσύνην ἐπεδείξατο τῇ πόλει, καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοὺς Τυρρηνοὺς ἀναλαβεῖν κελεύσας, ἄλλο δὲ μηδέν, §19.6ἀλλʼ ἐκλείπειν τὸν χάρακα σίτου τε πολλοῦ καὶ χρημάτων γέμοντα παντοδαπῶν, παρέδωκε τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις.
And Porsena, having been reconciled with the Romans, displayed much other magnanimity of his own to the city, and ordering the Tuscans to take up their arms and nothing else, but to leave the camp full of much provisions and all kinds of wealth, he delivered it to the Romans.
διὸ καὶ καθʼ ἡμᾶς ἔτι πωλοῦντες τὰ δημόσια πρῶτα κηρύττουσι τὰ Πορσίνα χρήματα, τιμὴν τῷ ἀνδρὶ τῆς χάριτος ἀίδιον ἐν τῇ μνήμῃ διαφυλάττοντες.
Wherefore even down to our day, when selling public property they first proclaim "the goods of Porsena", preserving an everlasting honor to the man for his favor in memory.
εἱστήκει δὲ καὶ χαλκοῦς ἀνδριὰς αὐτοῦ παρὰ τὸ βουλευτήριον, ἁπλοῦς καὶ ἀρχαϊκὸς τῇ ἐργασίᾳ.
A bronze statue of him also stood near the senate-house, simple and archaic in workmanship.

Notes

  1. 19.1πρὸς ῥεῦμα πολὺ καὶ δίνας βαθείας — The preposition πρὸς with the accusative means "against" or "towards", indicating the direction and focus of their swimming action, struggling against the strong current and deep eddies.
  2. 19.2αἰτίαν ἕξει κακούργημα Ῥωμαίων γεγονέναι — The phrase αἰτίαν ἔχω followed by an infinitive (here γεγονέναι) forms a construction meaning "to bear the accusation of doing/being something". κακούργημα functions as the predicate accusative of the infinitive.
  3. 19.5τὴν ἱερὰν ὁδὸν πορευομένοις — The dative participle πορευομένοις functions as a dative of reference or relation, indicating the spatial perspective ("for those traveling along the Sacred Way to the Palatine, there stands...").

Cite this passage

Plutarch, Life of Publicola §19.1-19.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg008.humanitext-grc2:19.1-19.6

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.