§9.1Νομᾷ δὲ καὶ τὴν τῶν ἀρχιερέων, οὓς Ποντίφικας καλοῦσι, διάταξιν καὶ κατάστασιν ἀποδιδόασι, καί φασιν αὐτὸν ἕνα τούτων τὸν πρῶτον γεγονέναι.
And they attribute to Numa also the arrangement and establishment of the high priests, whom they call Pontifices, and they say that he himself was the first of them.
κεκλῆσθαι δὲ τοὺς Ποντίφικας οἱ μὲν ὅτι τοὺς θεοὺς θεραπεύουσι δυνατοὺς καὶ κυρίους ἁπάντων ὄντας· ὁ γάρ δυνατὸς ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων ὀνομάζεται πότηνς·
Some say that the Pontifices were so called because they serve the gods who are powerful and masters of all; for a powerful man is called "potens" by the Romans.
§9.2ἕτεροι δέ φασι πρὸς ὑπεξαίρεσιν γεγονέναι τοὔνομα τῶν δυνατῶν, ὡς τοῦ νομοθέτου τὰς δυνατὰς ἐπιτελεῖν ἱερουργίας τοὺς ἱερεῖς κελεύοντος, ἂν δὲ ᾖ τι κώλυμα μεῖζον, οὐ συκοφαντοῦντος.
But others say that the name was given by way of exception of the powerful, as the lawgiver commanded the priests to perform such sacred rites as were possible, but did not prosecute them if there was some greater obstacle.
οἱ δὲ πλεῖστοι μάλιστα καὶ τὸ γελώμενον τῶν ὀνομάτων δοκιμάζουσιν, ὡς οὐδὲν ἀλλʼ ἢ γεφυροποιοὺς τοὺς ἄνδρας ἐπικληθέντας ἀπὸ τῶν ποιουμένων περὶ τὴν γέφυραν ἱερῶν, ἁγιωτάτων καὶ παλαιοτάτων ὄντων πόντεμ γάρ οἱ Λατῖνοι τὴν γέφυραν ὀνομάζουσιν. §9.3εἶναι μέντοι καὶ τὴν τήρησιν αὐτῆς καὶ τὴν ἐπισκευήν, ὥσπερ ἄλλο τι τῶν ἀκινήτων καὶ πατρίων ἱερῶν, προσήκουσαν τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν.
Most, however, approve the most ridiculous of the names, as that the men were called nothing other than bridge-builders from the sacrifices performed around the bridge, which were most sacred and ancient; for the Latins call a bridge "pontem." Nevertheless, the keeping and repair of it, just like any other of the immovable and ancestral sacred rites, belonged to the priests.
οὐ γάρ θεμιτόν, ἀλλʼ ἐπάρατον ἡγεῖσθαι Ῥωμαίους τὴν κατάλυσιν τῆς ξυλίνης γεφύρας, λέγεται δὲ καὶ τὸ πάμπαν ἄνευ σιδήρου κατὰ δή τι λόγιον συγγεγομφῶσθαι διὰ τῶν ξύλων, ἡ δὲ λιθίνη πολλοῖς ὕστερον ἐξειργάσθη χρόνοις ὑπʼ Αἰμιλίου ταμιεύοντος.
For the Romans thought it not lawful, but rather accursed, to demolish the wooden bridge; and it is said that it was joined together entirely without iron among the timbers, according to some oracle, and the stone bridge was finished many times later by Aemilius when he was quaestor.
§9.4οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν ξυλίνην τῶν Νομᾶ χρόνων ἀπολείπεσθαι λέγουσιν, ὑπὸ Μαρκίου τοῦ Νομᾶ θυγατριδοῦ βασιλεύοντος ἀποτελεσθεῖσαν.
Nevertheless, they say that even the wooden bridge was left behind from the times of Numa, having been completed when Marcius, the grandson of Numa by his daughter, was king.
ὁ δὲ μέγιστος τῶν Ποντιφίκων οἷον ἐξηγητοῦ καὶ προφήτου, μᾶλλον δὲ ἱεροφάντου τάξιν εἴληχεν, οὐ μόνον τῶν δημοσίᾳ δρωμένων ἐπιμελούμενος, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς ἰδίᾳ θύοντας ἐπισκοπῶν καὶ· κωλύων παρεκβαίνειν τὰ νενομισμένα, καὶ διδάσκων ὅτου τις δέοιτο πρὸς θεῶν τιμὴν ἢ παραίτησιν.
But the chief of the Pontifices has received the rank of interpreter and prophet, or rather of hierophant, not only taking care of public rites, but also overseeing those who sacrifice in private and preventing them from transgressing what is customary, and teaching what anyone needed for the honor or propitiation of the gods.
§9.5ἦν δὲ καὶ τῶν ἱερῶν παρθένων ἐπίσκοπος, ἃς Ἑστιάδας προσαγορεύουσι.
And he was also the overseer of the holy virgins, whom they call Vestals.
Νομᾷ γὰρ δὴ καὶ τὴν τῶν Ἑστιάδων παρθένων καθιέρωσιν καὶ ὅλως τὴν περὶ τὸ πῦρ τὸ ἀθάνατον, ὃ φυλάττουσιν αὗται, θεραπείαν τε καὶ τιμὴν ἀποδιδόασιν, εἴτε ὡς καθαρὰν καὶ ἄφθαρτον τὴν τοῦ πυρὸς οὐσίαν ἀκηράτοις καὶ ἀμιάντοις παρατιθεμένου σώμασιν, εἴτε τὸ ἄκαρπον καὶ ἄγονον τῇ παρθενίᾳ συνοικειοῦντος.
For they attribute to Numa also the consecration of the Vestal Virgins, and in general the care and honor concerning the immortal fire which they guard, either because he considered the essence of fire to be pure and uncorrupted and so committed it to undefiled and spotless bodies, or because he associated its barrenness and childlessness with virginity.
ἐπεί τοι τῆς Ἑλλάδος ὅπου πῦρ ἄσβεστόν ἐστιν, ὡς Πυθοῖ καὶ Ἀθήνησιν, οὐ παρθένοι, γυναῖκες δὲ πεπαυμέναι γάμων ἔχουσι τὴν ἐπιμέλειαν·
Since in Greece, where there is an unquenchable fire, as at Pytho and Athens, not virgins but women who have ceased from marriage have the care of it.
§9.6ἐὰν δὲ ὑπὸ τύχης τινὸς ἐκλίπῃ, καθάπερ Ἀθήνησι μὲν ἐπὶ τῆς Ἀριστίωνος λέγεται τυραννίδος ἀποσβεσθῆναι τὸν ἱερὸν λύχνον, ἐν Δελφοῖς δὲ τοῦ ναοῦ καταπρησθέντος ὑπὸ Μήδων, περὶ δὲ τὰ Μιθριδατικὰ καὶ τὸν ἐμφύλιον Ῥωμαίων πόλεμον ἅμα τῷ βωμῷ τὸ πῦρ ἠφανίσθη, οὔ φασι δεῖν ἀπὸ ἑτέρου πυρὸς ἐναύεσθαι, καινὸν δὲ ποιεῖν καὶ νέον, ἀνάπτοντας ἀπὸ τοῦ ἡλίου φλόγα καθαρὰν καὶ ἀμίαντον.
But if by some chance it should go out, as at Athens during the tyranny of Aristion the sacred lamp is said to have been extinguished, and at Delphi when the temple was burned by the Medes, and during the Mithridatic wars and the Roman civil war the fire disappeared along with the altar, they say it must not be kindled from another fire, but they must make it new and fresh, lighting a pure and unpolluted flame from the sun.
§9.7ἐξάπτουσι δὲ μάλιστα τοῖς σκαφείοις, ἃ κατασκευάζεται μὲν ἀπὸ πλευρᾶς ἰσοσκελοῦς ὀρθογωνίου τριγώνου κοιλαινόμενα, συννεύει δ’ εἰς ἓν ἐκ τῆς περιφερείας κέντρον.
And they kindle it especially with concave vessels, which are constructed by being hollowed out from the side of an isosceles right-angled triangle, and converge from the circumference into a single center.
ὅταν οὖν θέσιν ἐναντίαν λάβῃ πρὸς τὸν ἥλιον, ὥστε τὰς αὐγὰς πανταχόθεν ἀνακοπτομένας ἀθροίζεσθαι καὶ συμπλέκεσθαι περὶ τὸ κέντρον, αὐτόν τε διακρίνει τὸν ἀέρα λεπτυνόμενον, καὶ τὰ κουφότατα καὶ ξηρότατα τῶν προστιθεμένων ὀξέως ἀνάπτει κατὰ τὴν ἀντέρεισιν, σῶμα καὶ πληγὴν πυρώδη τῆς αὐγῆς λαβούσης.
When, therefore, it takes a position opposite to the sun, so that the rays reflected from all sides gather and entwine at the center, it rarefies the air itself, and rapidly kindles the lightest and driest of the substances applied to it at the point of resistance, the ray having received a body and a fiery blow.
§9.8ἔνιοι μὲν οὖν οὐδὲν ὑπὸ τῶν ἱερῶν παρθένων ἀλλʼ ἢ τὸ ἄσβεστον ἐκεῖνο φρουρεῖσθαι πῦρ νομίζουσιν ἔνιοι δὲ εἶναί τινὰ φασιν ἀθέατα τοῖς ἄλλοις ἱερὰ κρυπτόμενα, περὶ ὧν ὅσα καὶ πυθέσθαι καὶ φράσαι θεμιτὸν ἐν τῷ Καμίλλου βίῳ γέγραπται.
Some, then, believe that nothing other than that unquenchable fire is guarded by the holy virgins; but others say that there are certain sacred things hidden from the sight of others, concerning which as many as are lawful to learn and tell have been written in the Life of Camillus.