Humanitext Reader

Plutarch · Life of Numa §5.1-5.5

Arrival of the Roman Envoys and Numa Refusing the Crown

Passage 5 of 22 · Greek

Summary

Ambassadors from Rome, Proclus and Velesus, invite Numa to accept the kingship, but Numa firmly declines, citing his peaceful lifestyle, the tragic fate of Romulus, and Rome's current need for a military leader rather than a peaceful ruler.

§5.1ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἔτος ἤδη διατελοῦντι τῷ Νομᾷ τεσσαρακοστὸν ἧκον ἀπὸ Ῥώμης οἱ πρέσβεις παρακαλοῦντες ἐπὶ τὴν βασιλείαν.
But indeed, when Numa was already spending his fortieth year, ambassadors came from Rome inviting him to the kingship.
τοὺς δὲ λόγους ἐποιήσατο Πρόκλος καὶ Οὐέλεσος, ὧν πρότερον ἐπίδοξος ἦν ὁ δῆμος αἱρήσεσθαι τὸν ἕτερον βασιλέα, Πρόκλῳ μὲν τῶν Ῥωμύλου λαῶν, Οὐελέσῳ δὲ τῶν Τατίου μάλιστα προσεχόντων.
The speeches were made by Proclus and Velesus, one of whom the people had previously been expected to choose as the other king, since Romulus's people favored Proclus, and Tatius's people especially favored Velesus.
οὗτοι μὲν οὖν βραχέα διελέχθησαν, οἰόμενοι τῷ Νομᾷ τὴν συντυχίαν ἀσπαζομένῳ γεγονέναι·
These men, then, spoke briefly, thinking that the opportunity had arisen for Numa who would welcome it.
§5.2ἦν δ’ οὐ μικρόν, ὡς ἔοικεν, ἔργον, ἀλλὰ καὶ λόγων πολλῶν καὶ δεήσεως τὸ πεῖσαι καὶ μεταστῆσαι γνώμην ἀνδρὸς ἐν ἡσυχία καὶ εἰρήνῃ βεβιωκότος εἰς ἀρχὴν πόλεως τρόπον τινὰ καὶ γεγενημένης πολέμῳ καὶ συνηυξημένης.
But it was, as it seems, no small task, but rather required many words and entreaty to persuade and change the mind of a man who had lived in quiet and peace, and to direct him to the government of a city which had in a way been born of war and grown up with it.
ἔλεγεν οὖν τοῦ τε πατρὸς αὐτοῦ παρόντος καὶ Μαρκίου, τῶν συγγενῶν ἑνός, ὡς πᾶσα μὲν ἀνθρωπίνου βίου μεταβολὴ σφαλερὸν ᾧ δὲ μήτʼ ἄπεστί τι τῶν ἱκανῶν μήτε μεμπτόν ἐστι τῶν παρόντων, τοῦτον οὐδὲν ἄλλο πλὴν ἄνοια μετακοσμεῖ καὶ μεθίστησιν ἐκ τῶν συνήθων οἷς κἂν εἰ μηδὲν ἕτερον προσείη,
He spoke, therefore, in the presence of his father and Marcius, one of his kinsmen, as follows: "Every change of human life is dangerous; and for him to whom nothing of sufficiency is lacking, and who has no fault to find with his present circumstances, nothing but folly alters his way of life and removes him from his customary habits, in which, even if nothing else were present, there is an advantage over the uncertain by being more secure.
§5.3τῷ βεβαιοτέρῳ διαφέρει τῶν ἀδήλων, ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ ἄδηλα τὰ τῆς βασιλείας τοῖς Ῥωμύλου τεκμαιρομένῳ παθήμασιν, ὡς πονηρὰν μὲν αὐτὸς ἔλαβε δόξαν ἐπιβουλεῦσαι τῷ συνάρχοντι Τατίῳ, πονηρὰν δὲ τοῖς ὁμοτίμοις περιεποίησεν ὡς ἀνῃρημένος ὑπʼ αὐτῶν, καίτοι Ῥωμύλον μὲν οὗτοι παῖδα θεῶν ὑμνοῦσι φήμαις, καὶ τροφήν τινα δαιμόνιον αὐτοῦ καὶ σωτηρίαν ἄπιστον ἔτι νηπίου λέγουσιν ἐμοὶ δὲ καὶ γένος θνητόν ἐστι καὶ τροφὴ καὶ παίδευσις ὑπʼ ἀνθρώπων ὧν οὐκ ἀγνοεῖτε γεγενημένη·
But indeed, the fortunes of the kingship are not uncertain to one who estimates them by the sufferings of Romulus, seeing that he himself obtained a bad reputation for having plotted against his colleague Tatius, and brought a bad reputation upon his peers, as having been made away with by them. Yet they praise Romulus in story as a child of the gods, and speak of some divine nourishment and incredible preservation of him when he was still an infant; whereas for me, my race is mortal, and my nourishment and education were conducted by men whom you well know.
§5.4τὰ δ’ ἐπαινούμενα τοῦ τρόπου βασιλεύειν πόρρω μέλλοντος ἀνδρός, ἡσυχία τε πολλὴ καὶ διατριβὴ περὶ λόγους ἀπράγμονας, ὅ τε δεινὸς οὗτος καὶ σύντροφος εἰρήνης ἔρως καὶ πραγμάτων ἀπολέμων καὶ ἀνθρώπων ἐπὶ τιμῇ θεῶν καὶ φιλοφροσύναις εἰς τὸ αὐτὸ συνιόντων, τὰ δὲ ἄλλα καθʼ ἑαυτοὺς γεωργούντων ἢ νεμόντων.
And the very things praised in my character belong to a man far removed from intending to reign: abundant quiet, and occupation in peaceful studies, and this strong and companion love of peace, and of unoccupied affairs, and of men who come together to the same place for the honor of the gods and for friendly intercourse, but otherwise till their fields by themselves or feed their flocks.
§5.5ὑμῖν δέ, ὦ Ῥωμαῖοι, πολλοὺς μὲν ἴσως ἀβουλήτους ἀπολέλοιπε πολέμους Ῥωμύλος, οἷς ἀντερείδοντος ἡ πόλις ἐμπείρου δεῖται βασιλέως καὶ ἀκμάζοντος·
But to you, O Romans, Romulus has perhaps left many undesired wars, against which the city, in making resistance, stands in need of an experienced and active king; and great habit and eagerness have grown up in the people through their good fortune, nor is it hidden from anyone that they wish to increase and rule over others.
πολλὴ δὲ καὶ συνήθεια καὶ προθυμία διʼ εὐτυχίαν γέγονε τῷ δήμῳ, καὶ οὐδένα λέληθεν αὔξεσθαι καὶ κρατεῖν ἑτέρων βουλόμενος, ὥστε καὶ γέλως ἂν εἴη τἀμά, θεραπεύοντος θεούς, καὶ δίκην τιμᾶν, βίαν δὲ καὶ πόλεμον ἐχθαίρειν διδάσκοντος πόλιν στρατηλάτου μᾶλλον ἢ βασιλέως δεομένην.
So that my ways would be even a laughing-stock, when I worship the gods and teach men to honor justice and to hate violence and war, to a city which stands in need of a general rather than a king."

Notes

  1. 5.1ἔτος ἤδη διατελοῦντι τῷ Νομᾷ τεσσαρακοστὸν — This phrase is interpreted as 'when Numa was already spending his fortieth year'. The dative participle διατελοῦντι (from διατελέω, to spend/continue) agrees with τῷ Νομᾷ, denoting his state of having reached and living in his fortieth year.
  2. 5.2οἷς κἂν εἰ μηδὲν ἕτερον προσείη — The antecedent of the relative pronoun οἷς is τῶν συνήθων (customary habits) in the preceding phrase. The expression conditionalized by κἂν εἰ ('even if') means 'even if nothing else were added to them (i.e., those habits)'.
  3. 5.3τοῖς Ῥωμύλου τεκμαιρομένῳ παθήμασιν — The dative singular participle τεκμαιρομένῳ (one who judges/infers) is used substantively, functioning as the referent for whom the matters are 'not uncertain' (οὐδὲ ἄδηλα). The dative noun παθήμασιν expresses the means or standard of this judgment ('by Romulus's sufferings').
  4. 5.4τοῦ τρόπου βασιλεύειν πόρρω μέλλοντος ἀνδρός — The infinitive βασιλεύειν means 'to rule/reign'. The adverb πόρρω (far from) modifies the genitive participle μέλλοντος (from μέλλω, here meaning 'intending' or 'destined'), modifying ἀνδρός. The phrase means 'of a man far removed from intending to reign'.

Cite this passage

Plutarch, Life of Numa §5.1-5.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg005.humanitext-grc2:5.1-5.5

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