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Euripides · Iphigenia in Aulis §1213-1294

Iphigenia's Plea and Agamemnon's Painful Decision

Passage 15 of 19 · Greek

Summary

Iphigenia begs Agamemnon for her life, but he explains his painful decision to sacrifice her for the Greek army's passion and the freedom of Greece, leaving Clytemnestra and Iphigenia to lament their cruel fate.

§1213κηλεῖν τε τοῖς λόγοισιν οὓς ἐβουλόμην, §1214ἐνταῦθʼ ἂν ἦλθον·
[Iphigenia] and to charm with my words whomever I wished, [Iphigenia] to that I would have come.
νῦν δέ, τἀπʼ ἐμοῦ σοφά, §1215δάκρυα παρέξω· ταῦτα γὰρ δυναίμεθʼ ἄν.
But now, my only wisdom, [Iphigenia] I will offer tears; for this I can do.
§1216ἱκετηρίαν δὲ γόνασιν ἐξάπτω σέθεν §1217τὸ σῶμα τοὐμόν, ὅπερ ἔτικτεν ἥδε σοι, §1218μή μʼ ἀπολέσῃς ἄωρον· ἡδὺ γὰρ τὸ φῶς §1219βλέπειν· τὰ δʼ ὑπὸ γῆς μή μʼ ἰδεῖν ἀναγκάσῃς.
[Iphigenia] And as a suppliant bough, I cling to your knees [Iphigenia] with my body, which this woman bore to you, [Iphigenia] do not destroy me untimely; for it is sweet to look upon [Iphigenia] the light; do not force me to see the things below the earth.
§1220πρώτη σʼ ἐκάλεσα πατέρα καὶ σὺ παῖδʼ ἐμέ· §1221πρώτη δὲ γόνασι σοῖσι σῶμα δοῦσʼ ἐμὸν §1222φίλας χάριτας ἔδωκα κἀντεδεξάμην.
[Iphigenia] I was the first to call you father, and you to call me child; [Iphigenia] and first, putting my body on your knees, [Iphigenia] I gave and received sweet tokens of affection.
§1223λόγος δʼ ὁ μὲν σὸς ἦν ὅδʼ· Ἆρά σʼ, ὦ τέκνον, §1224εὐδαίμονʼ ἀνδρὸς ἐν δόμοισιν ὄψομαι, §1225ζῶσάν τε καὶ θάλλουσαν ἀξίως ἐμοῦ; §1226οὑμὸς δʼ ὅδʼ ἦν αὖ περὶ σὸν ἐξαρτωμένης §1227γένειον, οὗ νῦν ἀντιλάζυμαι χερί·
[Iphigenia] And this was your talk: "Shall I indeed, my child, [Iphigenia] see you happy in a husband's home, [Iphigenia] living and flourishing worthily of me?" [Iphigenia] And mine in turn was this, as I hung about your [Iphigenia] beard, which I now touch with my hand: [Iphigenia] "And what shall I do for you?
§1228Τί δʼ ἆρʼ ἐγὼ σέ; πρέσβυν ἆρʼ ἐσδέξομαι §1229ἐμῶν φίλαισιν ὑποδοχαῖς δόμων, πάτερ, §1230πόνων τιθηνοὺς ἀποδιδοῦσά σοι τροφάς; §1231τούτων ἐγὼ μὲν τῶν λόγων μνήμην ἔχω, §1232σὺ δʼ ἐπιλέλησαι, καί μʼ ἀποκτεῖναι θέλεις.
Shall I receive you as an old man [Iphigenia] with loving welcome into my home, father, [Iphigenia] repaying you with the nurturing care that tends your old age's toil?" [Iphigenia] Of these words I indeed keep memory, [Iphigenia] but you have forgotten, and wish to kill me.
§1233μή, πρός σε Πέλοπος καὶ πρὸς Ἀτρέως πατρὸς §1234καὶ τῆσδε μητρός, ἣ πρὶν ὠδίνουσʼ ἐμὲ §1235νῦν δευτέραν ὠδῖνα τήνδε λαμβάνει.
[Iphigenia] Do not, I entreat you by Pelops and by your father Atreus [Iphigenia] and by this mother, who having formerly suffered birth-pangs for me [Iphigenia] now suffers this second birth-pang.
§1236τί μοι μέτεστι τῶν Ἀλεξάνδρου γάμων §1237Ἑλένης τε;
[Iphigenia] What have I to do with the marriage of Alexander [Iphigenia] and Helen?
πόθεν ἦλθʼ ἐπʼ ὀλέθρῳ τὠμῷ, πάτερ;
Why did he come for my destruction, father?
§1238βλέψον πρὸς ἡμᾶς, ὄμμα δὸς φίλημά τε, §1239ἵνʼ ἀλλὰ τοῦτο κατθανοῦσʼ ἔχω σέθεν §1240μνημεῖον, ἢν μὴ τοῖς ἐμοῖς πεισθῇς λόγοις.
[Iphigenia] Look at me, give me a glance and a kiss, [Iphigenia] so that at least I may have this from you when I die [Iphigenia] as a memorial, even if you are not persuaded by my words.
§1241ἀδελφέ, μικρὸς μὲν σύ γʼ ἐπίκουρος φίλοις, §1242ὅμως δὲ συνδάκρυσον, ἱκέτευσον πατρὸς §1243τὴν σὴν ἀδελφὴν μὴ θανεῖν· αἴσθημά τοι §1244κἀν νηπίοις γε τῶν κακῶν ἐγγίγνεται.
[Iphigenia] Brother, though you are but a small helper to your loved ones, [Iphigenia] yet weep with me, entreat our father [Iphigenia] that your sister may not die; indeed, some sense [Iphigenia] even in infants arises of evil things.
§1245ἰδοὺ σιωπῶν λίσσεταί σʼ ὅδʼ, ὦ πάτερ.
[Iphigenia] Look, though silent he entreats you, father.
§1246ἀλλʼ αἴδεσαί με καὶ κατοίκτιρον βίου.
[Iphigenia] Nay, respect my plea and pity my life.
§1247ναί, πρὸς γενείου σʼ ἀντόμεσθα δύο φίλω· §1248ὃ μὲν νεοσσός ἐστιν, ἣ δʼ ηὐξημένη.
[Iphigenia] Yes, by your beard we two dear ones entreat you; [Iphigenia] the one is a fledgling, the other grown up.
§1249ἓν συντεμοῦσα πάντα νικήσω λόγον· §1250τὸ φῶς τόδʼ ἀνθρώποισιν ἥδιστον βλέπειν, §1251τὰ νέρθε δʼ οὐδέν· μαίνεται δʼ ὃς εὔχεται §1252θανεῖν.
[Iphigenia] Summing up in one, I will conquer all argument: [Iphigenia] to look upon this light is sweetest for mortals, [Iphigenia] and the things below are nothing; he is mad who prays [Iphigenia] to die.
κακῶς ζῆν κρεῖσσον ἢ καλῶς θανεῖν.
To live miserably is better than to die gloriously.
§1253ὦ τλῆμον Ἑλένη, διὰ σὲ καὶ τοὺς σοὺς γάμους §1254ἀγὼν Ἀτρείδαις καὶ τέκνοις ἥκει μέγας.
[Chorus] O wretched Helen, because of you and your marriage [Chorus] a great struggle has come upon the sons of Atreus and their children.
§1255ἐγὼ τά τʼ οἰκτρὰ συνετός εἰμι καὶ τὰ μή, §1256φιλῶ τʼ ἐμαυτοῦ τέκνα· μαινοίμην γὰρ ἄν.
[Agamemnon] I understand what is pitiable and what is not, [Agamemnon] and I love my own children; for otherwise I would be mad.
§1257δεινῶς δʼ ἔχει μοι ταῦτα τολμῆσαι, γύναι, §1258δεινῶς δὲ καὶ μή· τοῦτο γὰρ πρᾶξαί με δεῖ.
[Agamemnon] And it is terrible for me to dare this, wife, [Agamemnon] and terrible not to dare it; for I must do this.
§1259ὁρᾶθʼ ὅσον στράτευμα ναύφρακτον τόδε, §1260χαλκέων θʼ ὅπλων ἄνακτες Ἑλλήνων ὅσοι, §1261οἷς νόστος οὐκ ἔστʼ Ἰλίου πύργους ἔπι, §1262εἰ μή σε θύσω, μάντις ὡς Κάλχας λέγει, §1263οὐδʼ ἔστι Τροίας ἐξελεῖν κλεινὸν βάθρον.
[Agamemnon] Do you see how great is this fleet, [Agamemnon] and how many chiefs of bronze-clad weapons of the Greeks, [Agamemnon] who have no voyage to the towers of Ilium, [Agamemnon] unless I sacrifice you, as the prophet Calchas says, [Agamemnon] nor is it possible to capture the famous foundation of Troy.
§1264μέμηνε δʼ Ἀφροδίτη τις Ἑλλήνων στρατῷ §1265πλεῖν ὡς τάχιστα βαρβάρων ἐπὶ χθόνα, §1266παῦσαί τε λέκτρων ἁρπαγὰς Ἑλληνικῶν· §1267οἳ τὰς ἐν Ἄργει παρθένους κτενοῦσί μου §1268ὑμᾶς τε κἀμέ, θέσφατʼ εἰ λύσω θεᾶς.
[Agamemnon] A certain passion has maddened the army of the Greeks [Agamemnon] to sail as quickly as possible to the land of the barbarians, [Agamemnon] and to stop the abductions of Greek wives; [Agamemnon] they will kill my daughters in Argos, [Agamemnon] and you and me, if I annul the oracle of the goddess.
§1269οὐ Μενέλεώς με καταδεδούλωται, τέκνον, §1270οὐδʼ ἐπὶ τὸ κείνου βουλόμενον ἐλήλυθα, §1271ἀλλʼ Ἑλλάς, ᾗ δεῖ, κἂν θέλω κἂν μὴ θέλω, §1272θῦσαί σε· τούτου δʼ ἥσσονες καθέσταμεν.
[Agamemnon] It is not Menelaus who has enslaved me, child, [Agamemnon] nor have I come to do his bidding, [Agamemnon] but Greece, to which I must, whether I wish or do not wish, [Agamemnon] sacrifice you; and we are powerless before this duty.
§1273ἐλευθέραν γὰρ δεῖ νιν ὅσον ἐν σοί, τέκνον, §1274κἀμοὶ γενέσθαι, μηδὲ βαρβάροις ὕπο §1275Ἕλληνας ὄντας λέκτρα συλᾶσθαι βίᾳ.
[Agamemnon] For she must be free, as far as lies in you, child, [Agamemnon] and in me, and Greeks must not [Agamemnon] have their wives plundered by force by barbarians.
§1276ὦ τέκνον, ὦ ξέναι, §1277οἲ ʼγὼ θανάτου τοῦ σοῦ μελέα.
[Clytemnestra] O child, O foreign women, [Clytemnestra] ah me, wretched on account of your death!
§1278φεύγει σε πατὴρ Ἅιδῃ παραδούς.
[Clytemnestra] Your father flees, having delivered you to Hades.
§1279οἲ ʼγώ, μᾶτερ·
[Iphigenia] Ah me, mother!
ταὐτὸν τόδε γὰρ §1280μέλος εἰς ἄμφω πέπτωκε τύχης, §1281κοὐκέτι μοι φῶς §1282οὐδʼ ἀελίου τόδε φέγγος.
For this same [Iphigenia] song of fortune has fallen upon both of us, [Iphigenia] and no longer is there light for me, [Iphigenia] nor this beam of the sun.
§1283ἰὼ ἰώ.
[Iphigenia] Alas, alas!
§1284νιφόβολον Φρυγῶν νάπος Ἴδας τʼ ὄρεα, §1285Πρίαμος ὅθι ποτὲ βρέφος ἁπαλὸν ἔβαλε §1286ματέρος ἀποπρὸ νοσφίσας ἐπὶ μόρῳ §1289θανατόεντι Πάριν, ὃς Ἰδαῖος Ἰ- §1290δαῖος ἐλέγετʼ ἐλέγετʼ ἐν Φρυγῶν πόλει,
[Iphigenia] O snow-beaten glen of the Phrygians and mountains of Ida, [Iphigenia] where once Priam cast out the tender babe, [Iphigenia] having separated him far from his mother, for a deadly [Iphigenia] fate, namely Paris, who was called Idæan, [Iphigenia] Idæan in the city of the Phrygians!
§1291μή ποτʼ ὤφελες τὸν ἀμφὶ §1292βουσὶ βουκόλον τραφέντʼ §1293Ἀλέξανδρον οἰκίσαι §1294ἀμφὶ τὸ λευκὸν ὕδωρ, ὅθι κρῆναι
[Iphigenia] Would that you had never settled [Iphigenia] Alexander, reared as a herdsman among the cattle, [Iphigenia] around the white water, [Iphigenia] where are the springs...

Notes

  1. §1213κηλεῖν τε τοῖς λόγοισιν οὓς ἐβουλόμην, ἐνταῦθʼ ἂν ἦλθον — The apodosis corresponding to the counterfactual conditional clause in §1211 ("If I had the voice of Orpheus"). Formed with the imperfect indicative (ἂν ἦλθον with the infinitive κηλεῖν), indicating an unfulfilled condition in the past or present.
  2. §1214τἀπʼ ἐμοῦ σοφά — The prepositional phrase ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ (originating from me, within my power) substantivized with the neuter plural article τἀπʼ (τὰ ἀπό), serving as a nominative predicate/apposition, meaning "my wisdom" or "the only clever thing I can offer."
  3. §1216ἱκετηρίαν δὲ γόνασιν ἐξάπτω σέθεν τὸ σῶμα τοὐμόν — The noun ἱκετηρίαν (suppliant bough) is in the accusative, acting either in apposition to the direct object τὸ σῶμα τοὐμόν (my body) or as a predicate accusative ("as a suppliant bough"). It metaphorically equates her physical body with the sacred bough held by a suppliant.
  4. §1230πόνων τιθηνοὺς ἀποδιδοῦσά σοι τροφάς — The phrase πόνων τιθηνούς (nurturing/tending old-age labor) acts as an adjective phrase modifying or in apposition to τροφάς (nurturing, sustenance), meaning the reciprocal care that will soothe or nurse the father's old-age toil.
  5. §1244τῶν κακῶν — The genitive τῶν κακῶν is an objective genitive dependent on the noun αἴσθημα (perception, sense), meaning "perception of evil things."
  6. §1258δεινῶς δὲ καὶ μή — An elliptical structure contrasting with §1257. The infinitive τολμῆσαι (to dare) is omitted in the negative clause, meaning literally "and it is terrible also not [to dare it]."
  7. §1264μέμηνε δʼ Ἀφροδίτη τις Ἑλλήνων στρατῷ — The name Aphrodite is used metaphorically (metonymy) accompanied by τις (a certain kind of), representing a mad passion or desire that drives the Greek army. The following infinitive clause (πλεῖν...) explains the course of this madness.
  8. §1273ὅσον ἐν σοί — An idiomatic expression consisting of ὅσον and the prepositional phrase ἐν σοί, meaning "as far as lies in you" or "to the extent that it depends on you."
  9. §1291μή ποτʼ ὤφελες ... οἰκίσαι — The past indicative form ὤφελες (second person aorist of ὀφείλω) with the infinitive οἰκίσαι (to settle) is a standard construction expressing an unattainable wish about the past ("would that you had never settled...").

Cite this passage

Euripides, Iphigenia in Aulis §1213-1294. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg018.humanitext-grc2:1213-1294

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