Humanitext Reader

Euripides · The Bacchae §384-481

Capture of the Stranger and Interrogation by Pentheus

Passage 5 of 15 · Greek

Summary

While the chorus praises piety and warns against human cleverness, the beautiful stranger is brought in captive, and Pentheus begins his interrogation.

§384σοφόροις δʼ ἐν θαλίαις ἀν- §385δράσι κρατὴρ ὕπνον ἀμ- §385aφιβάλλῃ
And in the garlanded banquets of men, whenever the mixing bowl casts sleep around them.
§386ἀχαλίνων στομάτων §387ἀνόμου τʼ ἀφροσύνας §388τὸ τέλος δυστυχία·
Of unbridled mouths and of lawless folly, the end is misfortune.
§389ὁ δὲ τᾶς ἡσυχίας §390βίοτος καὶ τὸ φρονεῖν §391ἀσάλευτόν τε μένει καὶ §392συνέχει δώματα·
But the life of quietness and wisdom remain unshaken and hold houses together.
πόρσω §393γὰρ ὅμως αἰθέρα ναίον- §394τες ὁρῶσιν τὰ βροτῶν οὐρανίδαι.
For, though they dwell far off in the ether, the heavenly ones nevertheless see the affairs of mortals.
§395τὸ σοφὸν δʼ οὐ σοφία §396τό τε μὴ θνητὰ φρονεῖν.
Cleverness is not wisdom, nor is thinking thoughts that are not mortal.
§397βραχὺς αἰών· ἐπὶ τούτῳ §398δέ τις ἂν μεγάλα διώκων §399τὰ παρόντʼ οὐχὶ φέροι.
Life is short; and in this brief time, if someone pursues great things, he would not gain what is present.
μαι- §400νομένων οἵδε τρόποι καὶ §401κακοβούλων παρʼ ἔμοι- §401aγε φωτῶν.
These are the ways of madmen and of ill-advised men, in my judgment.
§402ἱκοίμαν ποτὶ Κύπρον, §403νᾶσον τᾶς Ἀφροδίτας, §404ἵνʼ οἱ θελξίφρονες νέμον- §405ται θνατοῖσιν Ἔρωτες, §406Πάφον θʼ ἃν ἑκατόστομοι §407βαρβάρου ποταμοῦ ῥοαὶ §408καρπίζουσιν ἄνομβροι.
Would that I might go to Cyprus, the island of Aphrodite, where the heart-soothing Loves dwell for mortals, and to Paphos, which the hundred-mouthed streams of a foreign river fertilize without rain.
§409οὗ δʼ ἁ καλλιστευομένα §410Πιερία μούσειος ἕδρα, §411σεμνὰ κλιτὺς Ὀλύμπου, §412ἐκεῖσʼ ἄγε με, Βρόμιε Βρόμιε, §413πρόβακχʼ εὔιε δαῖμον.
And where the most beautiful Pieria, seat of the Muses, is, the holy slope of Olympus, lead me there, Bromius, Bromius, leading deity of the Bacchic revels.
§414ἐκεῖ Χάριτες, §415ἐκεῖ δὲ Πόθος· ἐκεῖ δὲ βάκ- §416χαις θέμις ὀργιάζειν.
There are the Graces, there is Desire; and there it is lawful for the Bacchae to celebrate their rites.
§417ὁ δαίμων ὁ Διὸς παῖς §418χαίρει μὲν θαλίαισιν, §419φιλεῖ δʼ ὀλβοδότειραν Εἰ- §420ρήναν, κουροτρόφον θεάν.
The god, the son of Zeus, rejoices in banquets, and loves wealth-giving Peace, the youth-nourishing goddess.
§421ἴσαν δʼ ἔς τε τὸν ὄλβιον §422τόν τε χείρονα δῶκʼ ἔχειν §423οἴνου τέρψιν ἄλυπον·
And to both the rich and the lesser, he gave to possess in equal measure the painless pleasure of wine.
§424μισεῖ δʼ ᾧ μὴ ταῦτα μέλει, §425κατὰ φάος νύκτας τε φίλας §426εὐαίωνα διαζῆν, §427σοφὰν δʼ ἀπέχειν πραπίδα φρένα τε §428περισσῶν παρὰ φωτῶν·
But he hates the one who does not care for these things, to live a happy life through the light and the pleasant nights, and to keep his wise mind and heart away from excessive men.
§430τὸ πλῆθος ὅ τι §431τὸ φαυλότερον ἐνόμισε χρῆ- §432ταί τε, τόδʼ ἂν δεχοίμαν.
What the simpler multitude holds as law and uses, this I would accept.
§434Πενθεῦ, πάρεσμεν τήνδʼ ἄγραν ἠγρευκότες §435ἐφʼ ἣν ἔπεμψας, οὐδʼ ἄκρανθʼ ὡρμήσαμεν.
Pentheus, we are here, having caught this prey for which you sent us, nor has our rush been in vain.
§436ὁ θὴρ δʼ ὅδʼ ἡμῖν πρᾶος οὐδʼ ὑπέσπασεν §437φυγῇ πόδʼ, ἀλλʼ ἔδωκεν οὐκ ἄκων χέρας §438οὐδʼ ὠχρός, οὐδʼ ἤλλαξεν οἰνωπὸν γένυν, §439γελῶν δὲ καὶ δεῖν κἀπάγειν ἐφίετο §440ἔμενέ τε, τοὐμὸν εὐτρεπὲς ποιούμενος.
This wild beast was gentle to us, nor did he withdraw his foot in flight, but gave his hands not unwillingly, nor did he grow pale, nor did he change his wine-dark cheek, but laughing he allowed us to bind and lead him away, and he waited, making my task easy.
§441κἀγὼ διʼ αἰδοῦς εἶπον· Ὦ ξένʼ, οὐχ ἑκὼν §442ἄγω σε, Πενθέως δʼ ὅς μʼ ἔπεμψʼ ἐπιστολαῖς. §443ἃς δʼ αὖ σὺ βάκχας εἷρξας, ἃς συνήρπασας §444κἄδησας ἐν δεσμοῖσι πανδήμου στέγης, §445φροῦδαί γʼ ἐκεῖναι λελυμέναι πρὸς ὀργάδας §446σκιρτῶσι Βρόμιον ἀνακαλούμεναι θεόν·
And I, out of shame, said: "O stranger, I do not lead you willingly, but by the orders of Pentheus who sent me." As for the Bacchae whom you shut up, whom you seized and bound in the chains of the public prison, they are gone, released, and to the mountain glades they skip, calling upon Bromius as god.
§447αὐτόματα δʼ αὐταῖς δεσμὰ διελύθη ποδῶν §448κλῇδές τʼ ἀνῆκαν θύρετρʼ ἄνευ θνητῆς χερός.
Of their own accord, the bonds were loosed from their feet, and keys unlocked the doors without human hand.
§449πολλῶν δʼ ὅδʼ ἁνὴρ θαυμάτων ἥκει πλέως §450ἐς τάσδε Θήβας.
This man has come full of many wonders to this city of Thebes.
σοὶ δὲ τἄλλα χρὴ μέλειν.
But the rest must be your concern.
§451μέθεσθε χειρῶν τοῦδʼ· ἐν ἄρκυσιν γὰρ ὢν §452οὐκ ἔστιν οὕτως ὠκὺς ὥστε μʼ ἐκφυγεῖν.
Release his hands; for being in the nets, he is not so swift as to escape me.
§453ἀτὰρ τὸ μὲν σῶμʼ οὐκ ἄμορφος εἶ, ξένε, §454ὡς ἐς γυναῖκας, ἐφʼ ὅπερ ἐς Θήβας πάρει·
But indeed, your body is not ungraceful, stranger, for women, which is why you are present in Thebes.
§455πλόκαμός τε γάρ σου ταναός, οὐ πάλης ὕπο, §456γένυν παρʼ αὐτὴν κεχυμένος, πόθου πλέως·
For your hair is long, not from wrestling, poured down by your very cheek, full of desire.
§457λευκὴν δὲ χροιὰν ἐκ παρασκευῆς ἔχεις, §458οὐχ ἡλίου βολαῖσιν, ἀλλʼ ὑπὸ σκιᾶς, §459τὴν Ἀφροδίτην καλλονῇ θηρώμενος.
And you have a white skin by preparation, not from the rays of the sun, but under the shade, hunting after Aphrodite with beauty.
§460πρῶτον μὲν οὖν μοι λέξον ὅστις εἶ γένος.
First of all, then, tell me who you are by race.
§461οὐ κόμπος οὐδείς· ῥᾴδιον δʼ εἰπεῖν τόδε.
There is no boast; and this is easy to tell.
§462τὸν ἀνθεμώδη Τμῶλον οἶσθά που κλύων.
You know of flowery Tmolus, I suppose, by hearing of it.
§463οἶδʼ, ὃς τὸ Σάρδεων ἄστυ περιβάλλει κύκλῳ.
I know it, which surrounds the city of Sardis in a circle.
§464ἐντεῦθέν εἰμι, Λυδία δέ μοι πατρίς.
I am from there, and Lydia is my homeland.
§465πόθεν δὲ τελετὰς τάσδʼ ἄγεις ἐς Ἑλλάδα;
And from where do you bring these rites to Greece?
§466Διόνυσος ἡμᾶς εἰσέβησʼ, ὁ τοῦ Διός.
Dionysus himself initiated us, the son of Zeus.
§467Ζεὺς δʼ ἔστʼ ἐκεῖ τις, ὃς νέους τίκτει θεούς;
Is there some Zeus there, who begets new gods?
§468οὔκ, ἀλλʼ ὁ Σεμέλην ἐνθάδε ζεύξας γάμοις.
No, but the one who united here with Semele in marriage.
§469πότερα δὲ νύκτωρ σʼ ἢ κατʼ ὄμμʼ ἠνάγκασεν;
Did he compel you by night, or face to face?
§470ὁρῶν ὁρῶντα, καὶ δίδωσιν ὄργια.
Seeing me as I saw him, and he gave me the rites.
§471τὰ δʼ ὄργιʼ ἐστὶ τίνʼ ἰδέαν ἔχοντά σοι;
What appearance do these rites have for you?
§472ἄρρητʼ ἀβακχεύτοισιν εἰδέναι βροτῶν.
They are forbidden to be known by mortals uninitiated in Bacchus.
§473ἔχει δʼ ὄνησιν τοῖσι θύουσιν τίνα;
And what benefit do they have for those who sacrifice?
§474οὐ θέμις ἀκοῦσαί σʼ, ἔστι δʼ ἄξιʼ εἰδέναι.
It is not lawful for you to hear, but they are worthy of knowing.
§475εὖ τοῦτʼ ἐκιβδήλευσας, ἵνʼ ἀκοῦσαι θέλω.
You have counterfeitly tricked this well, so that I would wish to hear.
§476ἀσέβειαν ἀσκοῦντʼ ὄργιʼ ἐχθαίρει θεοῦ.
The rites of the god hate the one who practices impiety.
§477τὸν θεὸν ὁρᾶν γὰρ φῂς σαφῶς, ποῖός τις ἦν;
Since you say you saw the god clearly, what was he like?
§478ὁποῖος ἤθελʼ· οὐκ ἐγὼ ʼτασσον τόδε.
Whatever he wished; I did not ordain this.
§479τοῦτʼ αὖ παρωχέτευσας εὖ κοὐδὲν λέγων.
Again you have bypassed this well, saying nothing.
§480δόξει τις ἀμαθεῖ σοφὰ λέγων οὐκ εὖ φρονεῖν.
To an ignorant man, one who speaks wise things will seem not to be wise.
§481ἦλθες δὲ πρῶτα δεῦρʼ ἄγων τὸν δαίμονα;
Did you come here first, bringing the god?

Notes

  1. 395τὸ σοφὸν δʼ οὐ σοφία — The phrase takes `τὸ σοφὸν` (the pretense of cleverness, human wisdom) as the subject and `οὐ σοφία` (is not true wisdom) as the predicate. The following clause `τό τε μὴ θνητὰ φρονεῖν` (thinking thoughts beyond mortal limits) acts as a parallel subject, reinforcing the tragic warning against hubris.
  2. 430τὸ πλῆθος ὅ τι / τὸ φαυλότερον — The antecedent of the relative pronoun `ὅ τι` is `τόδε` in §432, which serves as the direct object of the main verb `δεχοίμαν ἂν`. The comparative `τὸ φαυλότερον` is used here in a moderating sense (absolute comparative), meaning "the simpler, more ordinary multitude" rather than "the baser people."
  3. 453ὡς ἐς γυναῖκας — The particle `ὡς` before the prepositional phrase `ἐς γυναῖκας` expresses limitation or point of view ("as far as women are concerned" or "with a view to attracting women"). It highlights Pentheus's sarcastic remark linking Dionysus's effeminate appearance to his alleged intention in coming to Thebes.
  4. 470ὁρῶν ὁρᾶντα — The juxtaposition of the active present participle in the nominative (`ὁρῶν`) and accusative (`ὁρᾶντα`) is a wordplay emphasizing reciprocal, face-to-face witnessing. It means "seeing him as he saw me," depicting an immediate and mutual spiritual contact between the god and the initiate.

Cite this passage

Euripides, The Bacchae §384-481. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg017.humanitext-grc2:384-481

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