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Euripides · The Trojan Women §1-84

Lament of Poseidon and Pact with Athena

Passage 1 of 14 · Greek

Summary

While Poseidon laments the destruction of Troy, the departure of the gods, and the wretched fate of Hecuba and Cassandra, Athena appears to dissolve their past enmity and proposes a joint revenge by inflicting a devastating storm on the returning Greek fleet.

§1Ἥκω λιπὼν Αἴγαιον ἁλμυρὸν βάθος §2πόντου Ποσειδῶν, ἔνθα Νηρῄδων χοροὶ §3κάλλιστον ἴχνος ἐξελίσσουσιν ποδός.
I have come, leaving the Aegean salty deep of the sea, I, Poseidon, where the choruses of Nereids unfold their most beautiful footstep.
§4ἐξ οὗ γὰρ ἀμφὶ τήνδε Τρωικὴν χθόνα §5Φοῖβός τε κἀγὼ λαΐνους πύργους πέριξ §6ὀρθοῖσιν ἔθεμεν κανόσιν, οὔποτʼ ἐκ φρενῶν §7εὔνοιʼ ἀπέστη τῶν ἐμῶν Φρυγῶν πόλει· §8ἣ νῦν καπνοῦται καὶ πρὸς Ἀργείου δορὸς §9ὄλωλε πορθηθεῖσʼ· ὁ γὰρ Παρνάσιος §10Φωκεὺς Ἐπειός, μηχαναῖσι Παλλάδος §11ἐγκύμονʼ ἵππον τευχέων ξυναρμόσας, §12πύργων ἔπεμψεν ἐντὸς ὀλέθριον βρέτας· §15ἔρημα δʼ ἄλση καὶ θεῶν ἀνάκτορα §16φόνῳ καταρρεῖ· πρὸς δὲ κρηπίδων βάθροις §17πέπτωκε Πρίαμος Ζηνὸς ἑρκείου θανών.
For ever since, around this Trojan land, Phoebus and I set stone towers round about with straight rules, never from my heart has goodwill departed for my city of Phrygians; which now smoulders and, by the Argive spear, has perished, sacked; for the Parnassian Phocian Epeius, by the devices of Pallas, having fitted together a horse pregnant with weapons, sent the destructive image within the towers; and the sacred groves are deserted and the temples of the gods flow with blood; and at the base of the altar steps Priam has fallen dead before the altar of Zeus Herceus.
§18πολὺς δὲ χρυσὸς Φρύγιά τε σκυλεύματα §19πρὸς ναῦς Ἀχαιῶν πέμπεται· μένουσι δὲ §20πρύμνηθεν οὖρον, ὡς δεκασπόρῳ χρόνῳ §21ἀλόχους τε καὶ τέκνʼ εἰσίδωσιν ἄσμενοι, §22οἳ τήνδʼ ἐπεστράτευσαν Ἕλληνες πόλιν.
And much gold and Phrygian spoils are being sent to the ships of the Achaeans; and they await a wind from the stern, so that after a ten-year time they may joyfully see their wives and children, those Greeks who campaigned against this city.
§23ἐγὼ δέ — νικῶμαι γὰρ Ἀργείας θεοῦ §24Ἥρας Ἀθάνας θʼ, αἳ συνεξεῖλον Φρύγας — §25λείπω τὸ κλεινὸν Ἴλιον βωμούς τʼ ἐμούς· §26ἐρημία γὰρ πόλιν ὅταν λάβῃ κακή, §27νοσεῖ τὰ τῶν θεῶν οὐδὲ τιμᾶσθαι θέλει.
And I—for I am defeated by the Argive goddess Hera, and by Athena, who together destroyed the Phrygians— leave famous Ilium and my altars; for when ruinous desolation takes a city, the worship of the gods sickens and does not wish to be honored.
§28πολλοῖς δὲ κωκυτοῖσιν αἰχμαλωτίδων §29βοᾷ Σκάμανδρος δεσπότας κληρουμένων.
And with many wailings of captive women Scamander resounds as they are allotted to masters.
§30καὶ τὰς μὲν Ἀρκάς, τὰς δὲ Θεσσαλὸς λεὼς §31εἴληχʼ Ἀθηναίων τε Θησεῖδαι πρόμοι.
And some the Arcadians, others the Thessalian people have obtained by lot, and the sons of Theseus, leaders of the Athenians.
§32ὅσαι δʼ ἄκληροι Τρῳάδων, ὑπὸ στέγαις §33ταῖσδʼ εἰσί, τοῖς πρώτοισιν ἐξῃρημέναι §34στρατοῦ, σὺν αὐταῖς δʼ ἡ Λάκαινα Τυνδαρὶς §35Ἑλένη, νομισθεῖσʼ αἰχμάλωτος ἐνδίκως.
And all those Trojan women who are unallotted are under these roofs, selected for the chiefs of the army, and with them the Spartan daughter of Tyndareus, Helen, rightly deemed a captive.
§36τὴν δʼ ἀθλίαν τήνδʼ εἴ τις εἰσορᾶν θέλει, §37πάρεστιν, Ἑκάβην κειμένην πυλῶν πάρος, §38δάκρυα χέουσαν πολλὰ καὶ πολλῶν ὕπερ· §39ᾗ παῖς μὲν ἀμφὶ μνῆμʼ Ἀχιλλείου τάφου §40λάθρα τέθνηκε τλημόνως Πολυξένη· §41φροῦδος δὲ Πρίαμος καὶ τέκνʼ·
And if anyone wishes to look upon this wretched woman, she is here, Hecuba lying before the gates, shedding many tears both for many reasons; for her daughter Polyxena, at the monument of Achilles' tomb, has died miserably in secret; and Priam and her children are gone.
ἣν δὲ παρθένον §42μεθῆκʼ Ἀπόλλων δρομάδα Κασάνδραν ἄναξ, §43τὸ τοῦ θεοῦ τε παραλιπὼν τό τʼ εὐσεβὲς §44γαμεῖ βιαίως σκότιον Ἀγαμέμνων λέχος.
And the maiden whom Lord Apollo left to run wild, Cassandra, disregarding both the god's law and piety, Agamemnon marries by force to a secret bed.
§45ἀλλʼ, ὦ ποτʼ εὐτυχοῦσα, χαῖρέ μοι, πόλις §46ξεστόν τε πύργωμʼ·
But, oh city once prosperous, farewell to me, and polished towers!
εἴ σε μὴ διώλεσεν §47Παλλὰς Διὸς παῖς, ἦσθʼ ἂν ἐν βάθροις ἔτι.
If you had not been destroyed by Pallas, daughter of Zeus, you would still be standing on your foundations.
§48ἔξεστι τὸν γένει μὲν ἄγχιστον πατρὸς §49μέγαν τε δαίμονʼ ἐν θεοῖς τε τίμιον, §50λύσασαν ἔχθραν τὴν πάρος, προσεννέπειν;
Athena: Is it permitted, to one who is closest in birth to my father, a great divinity and honored among the gods, to speak, having dissolved our former enmity?
§51ἔξεστιν· αἱ γὰρ συγγενεῖς ὁμιλίαι, §52ἄνασσʼ Ἀθάνα, φίλτρον οὐ σμικρὸν φρενῶν.
Poseidon: It is permitted; for kindred associations, Queen Athena, are no small charm to the mind.
§53ἐπῄνεσʼ ὀργὰς ἠπίους· φέρω δὲ σοὶ §54κοινοὺς ἐμαυτῇ τʼ ἐς μέσον λόγους, ἄναξ.
Athena: I appreciate your gentle temper; and I bring to you words common to myself and to you, Lord.
§55μῶν ἐκ θεῶν του καινὸν ἀγγελεῖς ἔπος, §56ἢ Ζηνὸς ἢ καὶ δαιμόνων τινὸς πάρα;
Poseidon: Do you bring some new message from one of the gods, either from Zeus or from some other deity?
§57οὔκ, ἀλλὰ Τροίας οὕνεκʼ, ἔνθα βαίνομεν, §58πρὸς σὴν ἀφῖγμαι δύναμιν, ὡς κοινὴν λάβω.
Athena: No, but for the sake of Troy, where we stand, I have come to your power, so that I may make it common.
§59ἦ πού νιν, ἔχθραν τὴν πρὶν ἐκβαλοῦσα, νῦν §60ἐς οἶκτον ἦλθες πυρὶ κατῃθαλωμένης;
Poseidon: Have you indeed, casting out your former enmity, now come to pity her that is burnt to ashes by fire?
§61ἐκεῖσε πρῶτʼ ἄνελθε· κοινώσῃ λόγους §62καὶ συνθελήσεις ἃν ἐγὼ πρᾶξαι θέλω;
Athena: Return first to that point; will you share my counsel and join in wishing what I desire to achieve?
§63μάλιστʼ· ἀτὰρ δὴ καὶ τὸ σὸν θέλω μαθεῖν· §64πότερον Ἀχαιῶν ἦλθες οὕνεκʼ ἢ Φρυγῶν;
Poseidon: Most certainly; but I also wish to learn your purpose: have you come for the sake of the Achaeans or the Phrygians?
§65τοὺς μὲν πρὶν ἐχθροὺς Τρῶας εὐφρᾶναι θέλω, §66στρατῷ δʼ Ἀχαιῶν νόστον ἐμβαλεῖν πικρόν.
Athena: I wish to gladden my former enemies, the Trojans, and to inflict a bitter return upon the army of the Achaeans.
§67τί δʼ ὧδε πηδᾷς ἄλλοτʼ εἰς ἄλλους τρόπους §68μισεῖς τε λίαν καὶ φιλεῖς ὃν ἂν τύχῃς;
Poseidon: Why do you leap thus now to one way, now to another, and hate too much and love whomever you happen to?
§69οὐκ οἶσθʼ ὑβρισθεῖσάν με καὶ ναοὺς ἐμούς;
Athena: Do you not know that I and my temples have been insulted?
§70οἶδʼ, ἡνίκʼ Αἴας εἷλκε Κασάνδραν βίᾳ.
Poseidon: I know, when Ajax dragged Cassandra by force.
§71κοὐδέν γʼ Ἀχαιῶν ἔπαθεν οὐδʼ ἤκουσʼ ὕπο.
Athena: And yet he suffered nothing from the Achaeans, nor even heard reproof.
§72καὶ μὴν ἔπερσάν γʼ Ἴλιον τῷ σῷ σθένει.
Poseidon: And yet they sacked Ilium by your power.
§73τοιγάρ σφε σὺν σοὶ βούλομαι δρᾶσαι κακῶς.
Athena: Therefore I wish to do them harm with you.
§74ἕτοιμʼ ἃ βούλῃ τἀπʼ ἐμοῦ.
Poseidon: What you wish is ready on my part.
δράσεις δὲ τί;
But what will you do?
§75δύσνοστον αὐτοῖς νόστον ἐμβαλεῖν θέλω.
Athena: I wish to inflict on them a return that is no return.
§76ἐν γῇ μενόντων ἢ καθʼ ἁλμυρὰν ἅλα;
Poseidon: While they remain on land, or on the salty sea?
§77ὅταν πρὸς οἴκους ναυστολῶσʼ ἀπʼ Ἰλίου.
Athena: When they sail towards home from Ilium.
§78καὶ Ζεὺς μὲν ὄμβρον καὶ χάλαζαν ἄσπετον §79πέμψει, δνοφώδη τʼ αἰθέρος φυσήματα· §80ἐμοὶ δὲ δώσειν φησὶ πῦρ κεραύνιον, §81βάλλειν Ἀχαιοὺς ναῦς τε πιμπράναι πυρί.
And Zeus indeed will send rain and unspeakable hail, and dark blasts of the upper air; and to me he says he will give the thunderbolt's fire, to strike the Achaeans and burn their ships with fire.
§82σὺ δʼ αὖ, τὸ σόν, παράσχες Αἴγαιον πόρον §83τρικυμίαις βρέμοντα καὶ δίναις ἁλός, §84πλῆσον δὲ νεκρῶν κοῖλον Εὐβοίας μυχόν,
And you, in turn, perform your part, provide the Aegean passage roaring with triple waves and gulfs of the sea, and fill the hollow bay of Euboea with dead bodies,

Notes

  1. §1πόντου Ποσειδῶν — πόντου depends on Ποσειδῶν ("Poseidon of the sea"). The participle λιπὼν agrees with the subject of the main verb Ἥκω, establishing a common prologue formula of divine self-introduction.
  2. §20δεκασπόρῳ χρόνῳ — δεκασπόρῳ χρόνῳ ("ten-sowing time") is a poetic expression for ten years.
  3. §23νικῶμαι γὰρ Ἀργείας θεοῦ — The passive verb νικῶμαι takes the genitives Ἥρας Ἀθάνας θʼ to express the agent ("defeated by Hera and Athena").
  4. §36τὴν δʼ ἀθλίαν τήνδʼ — τὴν δʼ ἀθλίαν τήνδʼ is in prolepsis, acting as the object of εἰσορᾶν and placed in apposition with Ἑκάβην κειμένην.
  5. §47ἦσθʼ ἂν ἐν βάθροις ἔτι — A contrary-to-fact conditional sentence. In the apodosis, the imperfect ἦσθα with ἂν (ἦσθʼ ἂν) combined with the aorist in the protasis (εἰ μὴ διώλεσεν) indicates a continuous state in the present: "you would still be standing."
  6. §60πυρὶ κατῃθαλωμένης — The genitive participle modifies the omitted noun πόλεως ("of the city"), functioning as an objective genitive dependent on οἶκτον ("pity for the city burnt to ashes").
  7. §71ἤκουσʼ ὕπο — ἤκουσʼ ὕπο represents ἤκουσε + ὑπό. The verb ἀκούω is used in a passive sense ("to be spoken of, to be reproached"), and the preposition ὑπό introduces the agent (the Achaeans).

Cite this passage

Euripides, The Trojan Women §1-84. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg011.humanitext-grc2:1-84

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