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Euripides · Heracles §1267-1349

Theseus Offers Refuge and Heracles Resolves to Live

Passage 15 of 16 · Greek

Summary

Heracles recounts his lifelong labors and cursed destiny, deciding to commit suicide, but Theseus comforts him by citing the examples of the gods and promises to welcome him to Athens, sharing his wealth and honors. Touched by this, Heracles rejects the poets' stories of divine moral failings but realizes that fleeing life would be cowardly, resolving to live.

§1267ἐπεισέφρησε σπαργάνοισι τοῖς ἐμοῖς §1268ἡ τοῦ Διὸς σύλλεκτρος, ὡς ὀλοίμεθα.
sent into my swaddling clothes the bedfellow of Zeus, so that we might perish.
§1269ἐπεὶ δὲ σαρκὸς περιβόλαιʼ ἐκτησάμην §1270ἡβῶντα, μόχθους οὓς ἔτλην τί δεῖ λέγειν;
And when I acquired the youthful covering of flesh, what need is there to speak of the labors I endured?
§1271ποίους ποτʼ ἢ λέοντας ἢ τρισωμάτους §1272Τυφῶνας ἢ Γίγαντας ἢ τετρασκελῆ §1273κενταυροπληθῆ πόλεμον οὐκ ἐξήνυσα;
What lions, or three-bodied Typhons, or Giants, or the four-legged Centaur-teeming war did I not accomplish?
§1274τήν τʼ ἀμφίκρανον καὶ παλιμβλαστῆ κύνα §1275ὕδραν φονεύσας μυρίων τʼ ἄλλων πόνων §1276διῆλθον ἀγέλας κἀς νεκροὺς ἀφικόμην, §1277Ἅιδου πυλωρὸν κύνα τρίκρανον ἐς φάος §1278ὅπως πορεύσαιμʼ ἐντολαῖς Εὐρυσθέως.
And having slain the many-headed and regrowing hound, the Hydra, and having gone through herds of ten thousand other labors, and I arrived among the dead, to bring the three-headed dog, gatekeeper of Hades, into the light by the orders of Eurystheus.
§1279τὸν λοίσθιον δὲ τόνδʼ ἔτλην τάλας πόνον, §1280παιδοκτονήσας δῶμα θριγκῶσαι κακοῖς.
And I, wretched, endured this last labor, having slain my children, to crown my house with evils.
§1281ἥκω δʼ ἀνάγκης ἐς τόδʼ· οὔτʼ ἐμαῖς φίλαις §1282Θήβαις ἐνοικεῖν ὅσιον· ἢν δὲ καὶ μένω, §1283ἐς ποῖον ἱερὸν ἢ πανήγυριν φίλων §1284εἶμʼ;
And I have come to this point of necessity: neither is it holy for me to dwell in my beloved Thebes; and even if I remain, to what temple or festive gathering of friends shall I go?
οὐ γὰρ ἄτας εὐπροσηγόρους ἔχω.
For I have misfortunes that are not to be addressed.
§1285ἀλλʼ Ἄργος ἔλθω;
But shall I go to Argos?
πῶς, ἐπεὶ φεύγω πάτραν;
How, since I flee my fatherland?
§1286φέρʼ ἀλλʼ ἐς ἄλλην δή τινʼ ὁρμήσω πόλιν;
Come then, shall I hasten to some other city?
§1287κἄπειθʼ ὑποβλεπώμεθʼ ὡς ἐγνωσμένοι, §1288γλώσσης πικροῖς κέντροισι κλῃδουχούμενοι· §1289Οὐχ οὗτος ὁ Διός, ὃς τέκνʼ ἔκτεινέν ποτε §1290δάμαρτά τʼ;
And then I will be looked at askance as one recognized, barred by the bitter stings of their tongues: "Is this not the son of Zeus, who once killed his children and wife?
οὐ γῆς τῆσδʼ ἀποφθαρήσεται; §1291κεκλημένῳ δὲ φωτὶ μακαρίῳ ποτὲ §1292αἱ μεταβολαὶ λυπηρόν· ᾧ δʼ ἀεὶ κακῶς §1293ἔστʼ, οὐδὲν ἀλγεῖ συγγενῶς δύστηνος ὤν.
Will he not be gone from this land?" And to a man who was once called blessed, changes are painful; but for him who is always in a bad state, he grieves not at all, being wretched by nature.
§1294ἐς τοῦτο δʼ ἥξειν συμφορᾶς οἶμαί ποτε· §1295φωνὴν γὰρ ἥσει χθὼν ἀπεννέπουσά με §1296μὴ θιγγάνειν γῆς καὶ θάλασσα μὴ περᾶν §1297πηγαί τε ποταμῶν, καὶ τὸν ἁρματήλατον §1298Ἰξίονʼ ἐν δεσμοῖσιν ἐκμιμήσομαι.
And I think I will some day reach this point of misfortune: for the earth will utter a voice, forbidding me to touch the land, and the sea to cross, and the springs of rivers, and I shall imitate Ixion in bonds on his wheel.
§1299καὶ ταῦτʼ ἄριστα μηδένʼ Ἑλλήνων μʼ ὁρᾶν, §1300ἐν οἷσιν εὐτυχοῦντες ἦμεν ὄλβιοι.
And this is best, that none of the Greeks see me, among whom we were once prosperous and happy.
§1301τί δῆτά με ζῆν δεῖ;
Why indeed must I live?
τί κέρδος ἕξομεν §1302βίον γʼ ἀχρεῖον ἀνόσιον κεκτημένοι;
What profit shall I have in possessing a useless, unholy life?
§1303χορευέτω δὴ Ζηνὸς ἡ κλεινὴ δάμαρ §1304κρόουσʼ Ὀλυμπίου Ζηνὸς ἀρβύλῃ πόδα.
Let the glorious wife of Zeus dance, striking her foot in her sandal against the floor of Olympian Zeus.
§1305ἔπραξε γὰρ βούλησιν ἣν ἐβούλετο, §1306ἄνδρʼ Ἑλλάδος τὸν πρῶτον αὐτοῖσιν βάθροις §1307ἄνω κάτω στρέψασα.
For she has accomplished the wish she wished, turning the first man of Greece upside down, foundations and all.
— τοιαύτῃ θεῷ §1308τίς ἂν προσεύχοιθʼ;
To such a goddess who would pray?
ἣ γυναικὸς οὕνεκα §1309λέκτρων φθονοῦσα Ζηνὶ τοὺς εὐεργέτας §1310Ἑλλάδος ἀπώλεσʼ οὐδὲν ὄντας αἰτίους.
Who, for the sake of a woman's bed, envying Zeus, destroyed the benefactors of Greece, who were not at all to blame.
§1311οὐκ ἔστιν ἄλλου δαιμόνων ἀγὼν ὅδε §1312ἢ τῆς Διὸς δάμαρτος· εὖ τόδʼ αἰσθάνῃ.
This contest is of no other of the gods than the wife of Zeus; well do you perceive this.
§1313aπαραινέσαιμʼ ἂν μᾶλλον ἢ πάσχειν κακῶς.
I would advise you rather than have you suffer ill.
§1314οὐδεὶς δὲ θνητῶν ταῖς τύχαις ἀκήρατος, §1315οὐ θεῶν, ἀοιδῶν εἴπερ οὐ ψευδεῖς λόγοι.
No mortal is untouched by fortunes, nor is any of the gods, if indeed the stories of the poets are not false.
§1316οὐ λέκτρʼ ἐν ἀλλήλοισιν, ὧν οὐδεὶς νόμος, §1317συνῆψαν;
Did they not join in beds with one another, of which there is no law?
οὐ δεσμοῖσι διὰ τυραννίδας §1318πατέρας ἐκηλίδωσαν;
Did they not stain their fathers with bonds for the sake of tyranny?
ἀλλʼ οἰκοῦσʼ ὅμως §1319Ὄλυμπον ἠνέσχοντό θʼ ἡμαρτηκότες.
Yet they dwell in Olympus nevertheless, and endure having erred.
§1320καίτοι τί φήσεις, εἰ σὺ μὲν θνητὸς γεγὼς §1321φέρεις ὑπέρφευ τὰς τύχας, θεοὶ δὲ μή;
And yet, what will you say if you, being mortal, bear fortunes excessively, while the gods do not?
§1322Θήβας μὲν οὖν ἔκλειπε τοῦ νόμου χάριν, §1323ἕπου δʼ ἅμʼ ἡμῖν πρὸς πόλισμα Παλλάδος.
Therefore leave Thebes for the sake of the law, and follow us to the city of Pallas.
§1324ἐκεῖ χέρας σὰς ἁγνίσας μιάσματος, §1325δόμους τε δώσω χρημάτων τʼ ἐμῶν μέρος.
There, having purified your hands of pollution, I will give you dwellings and a share of my possessions.
§1326ἃ δʼ ἐκ πολιτῶν δῶρʼ ἔχω σώσας κόρους §1327δὶς ἑπτά, ταῦρον Κνώσιον κατακτανών, §1328σοὶ ταῦτα δώσω.
And the gifts I have from the citizens for having saved the twice-seven youths, having slain the Knossian bull, I will give these to you.
πανταχοῦ δέ μοι χθονὸς §1329τεμένη δέδασται· ταῦτʼ ἐπωνομασμένα §1330σέθεν τὸ λοιπὸν ἐκ βροτῶν κεκλήσεται §1331ζῶντος· θανόντα δʼ, εὖτʼ ἂν εἰς Ἅιδου μόλῃς, §1332θυσίαισι λαΐνοισί τʼ ἐξογκώμασι §1333τίμιον ἀνάξει πᾶσʼ Ἀθηναίων πόλις.
And everywhere in the land estates have been allotted to me; these, named after you, shall henceforth be called by mortals after you while you live; and when you die and go to Hades, the whole city of the Athenians will raise you up in honor with sacrifices and stone monuments.
§1334καλὸς γὰρ ἀστοῖς στέφανος Ἑλλήνων ὕπο §1335ἄνδρʼ ἐσθλὸν ὠφελοῦντας εὐκλείας τυχεῖν.
For it is a beautiful crown for the citizens to win good fame from the Greeks by helping a noble man.
§1336κἀγὼ χάριν σοι τῆς ἐμῆς σωτηρίας §1337τήνδʼ ἀντιδώσω· νῦν γὰρ εἶ χρεῖος φίλων.
And I will give you this return for my rescue; for now you are in need of friends.
§1338θεοὶ δʼ ὅταν τιμῶσιν, οὐδὲν δεῖ φίλων· §1339ἅλις γὰρ ὁ θεὸς ὠφελῶν, ὅταν θέλῃ.
But when the gods show honor, there is no need of friends; for God is enough to help, when he wills.
§1340οἴμοι·
Alas!
πάρεργα μὲν τάδʼ ἔστʼ ἐμῶν κακῶν,
These are secondary to my evils.
§1341ἐγὼ δὲ τοὺς θεοὺς οὔτε λέκτρʼ ἃ μὴ θέμις §1342στέργειν νομίζω, δεσμά τʼ ἐξάπτειν χεροῖν §1343οὔτʼ ἠξίωσα πώποτʼ οὔτε πείσομαι, §1344οὐδʼ ἄλλον ἄλλου δεσπότην πεφυκέναι.
For my part, I neither believe that the gods love unlawful beds, or have I ever thought it worthy to bind hands with chains, nor will I ever be persuaded of it, nor that one is born master of another.
§1345δεῖται γὰρ ὁ θεός, εἴπερ ἔστʼ ὀρθῶς θεός, §1346οὐδενός·
For God, if he is truly God, needs nothing.
ἀοιδῶν οἵδε δύστηνοι λόγοι.
These are the wretched tales of the poets.
§1347ἐσκεψάμην δὲ καίπερ ἐν κακοῖσιν ὤν, §1348μὴ δειλίαν ὄφλω τινʼ ἐκλιπὼν φάος· §1349ταῖς συμφοραῖς γὰρ ὅστις οὐχ ὑφίσταται,
But I have considered, even though I am in evils, lest I should incur a charge of cowardice by leaving the light; for whoever does not stand up to misfortunes...

Notes

  1. 1268ὡς ὀλοίμεθα — The conjunction `ὡς` introducing a purpose clause is followed by the optative (`ὀλοίμεθα`, first-person plural, middle, aorist). This is due to the historical tense of the main verb `ἐπεισέφρησε` (line 1267, aorist), which triggers the oblique optative in the purpose clause (sequence of moods).
  2. 1280δῶμα θριγκῶσαι κακοῖς — The infinitive `θριγκῶσαι` ("to coping", "to crown") functions as an appositive infinitive, defining and explaining the specific content of the noun phrase `ἔτλην ... πόνον` ("I endured the labor") in the preceding line (1279).
  3. 1313aπαραινέσαιμʼ ἂν μᾶλλον ἢ πάσχειν κακῶς — The potential optative `παραινέσαιμʼ ἄν` ("I would advise") is combined with `μᾶλλον ἢ` (
  4. 1321φέρεις ὑπέρφευ τὰς τύχας — The adverb `ὑπέρφευ` ("excessively", "beyond measure") modifies the verb `φέρεις` ("you bear"), meaning "you bear your fortunes with excessive grief/difficulty." This forms a contrast with the gods who accept and endure their own errors and fates (line 1319 `ἠνέσχοντο`), admonishing Heracles, a mortal, for excessively despairing over his misfortune.
  5. 1341ἐγὼ δὲ τοὺς θεοὺς οὔτε λέκτρʼ ἃ μὴ θέμις στέργειν νομίζω — The verb `νομίζω` ("I believe/consider") governs the accusative and infinitive (A.C.I.) construction, which links the infinitives `στέργειν` ("to love"), `ἐξάπτειν` ("to bind", line 1342), and `πεφυκέναι` ("to be", line 1344). The logical structure forms a parallel sequence expressing Heracles' belief in the self-sufficiency of the divine: "I do not believe that the gods love unlawful beds, nor that they bind hands with chains, nor that one is born master of another."

Cite this passage

Euripides, Heracles §1267-1349. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg009.humanitext-grc2:1267-1349

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