Humanitext Reader

Euripides · Alcestis §188-281

Entrance of Alcestis and Her Final Farewell to Admetus

Passage 3 of 13 · Greek

Summary

The sorrowful parting between Alcestis and Admetus is depicted. The dying Alcestis, escorted by her husband, appears and bids a final farewell to her family while seeing visions of the underworld.

§188κἄρριψεν αὑτὴν αὖθις ἐς κοίτην πάλιν.
(Servant) And then she threw herself back upon her bed again.
§189παῖδες δὲ πέπλων μητρὸς ἐξηρτημένοι §190ἔκλαιον· ἣ δὲ λαμβάνουσ’ ἐς ἀγκάλας §191ἠσπάζετ’ ἄλλοτ’ ἄλλον, ὡς θανουμένη.
And the children, hanging from their mother's clothes, were weeping; but she, taking them in her arms, embraced them, now one, now the other, as one about to die.
§192πάντες δ’ ἔκλαιον οἰκέται κατὰ στέγας §193δέσποιναν οἰκτίροντες.
And all the servants in the house were weeping, pitying their mistress.
ἣ δὲ δεξιὰν §194προύτειν’ ἑκάστῳ, κοὔτις ἦν οὕτω κακὸς §195ὃν οὐ προσεῖπε καὶ προσερρήθη πάλιν.
But she stretched out her right hand to each, and there was no one so humble whom she did not address and who did not address her in return.
§196τοιαῦτ’ ἐν οἴκοις ἐστὶν Ἀδμήτου κακά.
Such are the evils in the house of Admetus.
§197καὶ κατθανών τἂν ὤλετʼ, ἐκφυγών δ’ ἔχει §198τοσοῦτον ἄλγος, οὗ ποτ’—οὐ λελήσεται.
And if he had died, he would have been destroyed; but having escaped, he has so great a pain, which he will never forget.
§199ἦ που στενάζει τοισίδ’ Ἄδμητος κακοῖς, §200ἐσθλῆς γυναικὸς εἰ στερηθῆναί σφε χρή;
Surely Admetus groans at these misfortunes, if he must be deprived of his noble wife?
§201κλαίει γ’ ἄκοιτιν ἐν χεροῖν φίλην ἔχων, §202καὶ μὴ προδοῦναι λίσσεται, τἀμήχανα §203ζητῶν· φθίνει γὰρ καὶ μαραίνεται νόσῳ.
Yes, he weeps, holding his dear wife in his arms, and begs her not to betray him, seeking the impossible; for she is wasting away and languishing with her disease.
§204παρειμένη δέ, χειρὸς ἄθλιον βάρος §205ὅμως δὲ καίπερ σμικρὸν ἐμπνέουσ’ ἔτι §206βλέψαι πρὸς αὐγὰς βούλεται τὰς ἡλίου §207ὡς οὔποτ’ αὖθις, ἀλλὰ νῦν πανύστατον.
And drooping, she is a sad weight on his hand, but yet, although breathing only a little still, she wishes to look toward the rays of the sun, as never again, but now for the very last time.
§209ἀλλ’ εἶμι καὶ σὴν ἀγγελῶ παρουσίαν· §210οὐ γάρ τι πάντες εὖ φρονοῦσι κοιράνοις, §211ὥστ’ ἐν κακοῖσιν εὐμενεῖς παρεστάναι· §212σὺ δ’ εἶ παλαιὸς δεσπόταις ἐμοῖς φίλος.
But I will go and announce your presence; for not everyone is well-disposed to their rulers, so as to stand by them kindly in misfortunes; but you are an old friend to my masters.
§213— ἰὼ Ζεῦ, τίς ἂν πᾷ πόρος κακῶν §214γένοιτο καὶ λύσις τύχας §214aἃ πάρεστι κοιράνοις;
(Semi-Chorus A) O Zeus, what way out of these evils could there be, and what release from the fortune that is present for our rulers?
§215—αἰαῖ·
(Semi-Chorus B) Alas!
εἶσί τις;
Will anyone come out?
ἢ τέμω τρίχα, §216καὶ μέλανα στολμὸν πέπλων §217ἀμφιβαλώμεθ’ ἤδη;
Or shall we cut our hair and cast around us the black array of robes already?
§218—δῆλα μέν, φίλοι, δῆλά γʼ, ἀλλ’ ὅμως §219θεοῖσιν εὐχώμεσθα· θεῶν §219aγὰρ δύναμις μεγίστα.
(Semi-Chorus A) It is clear, friends, indeed it is clear; but yet let us pray to the gods; for the power of the gods is greatest.
§220—ὦναξ Παιάν, §221ἔξευρε μηχανάν τιν’ Ἀδμήτῳ κακῶν.
O King Paean, devise some remedy for Admetus against these evils.
§222—πόριζε δὴ πόριζε·
Provide it, yes, provide it!
καὶ πάρος γὰρ §223τοῦδ’ ἐφεῦρες, καὶ νῦν §224λυτήριος ἐκ θανάτου γενοῦ, §225φόνιον δ’ ἀπόπαυσον Ἅιδαν.
For in the past you found one, and now become a deliverer from death, and stay blood-stained Hades.
§226— παπαῖ §226aὦ παῖ Φέρητος, οἷ’ ἔπρα- §227ξας δάμαρτος σᾶς στερείς.
(Semi-Chorus B) Ah, O son of Pheres, what things you suffer, being deprived of your wife!
§228—αἰαῖ·
Alas!
ἄξια καὶ σφαγᾶς τάδε, §229καὶ πλέον ἢ βρόχῳ δέρην §230οὐρανίῳ πελάσσαι;
Are these things not even worth throat-slitting, and more than bringing one's neck to a high-hanging noose?
§231τὰν γὰρ οὐ φίλαν ἀλλὰ φιλτάταν §232γυναῖκα κατθανοῦσαν ἐν §233ἄματι τῷδ’ ἐπόψῃ.
For your wife—not just dear, but dearest— you will see dead on this very day.
§234—ἰδοὺ ἰδού,
Look, look!
§234aἥδ’ ἐκ δόμων δὴ καὶ πόσις πορεύεται.
Here she comes out of the house, and her husband indeed with her.
§235—βόασον ὦ, στέναξον, ὦ Φεραία §235aχθών, τὰν ἀρίσταν §236γυναῖκα μαραινομέναν νόσῳ §237κατὰ γᾶς χθόνιον παρ’ Ἅιδαν.
(Chorus) Cry out, groan, O land of Pherae, for the best woman wasting away with disease to the underworld, to Hades below.
§238οὔποτε φήσω γάμον εὐφραίνειν §239πλέον ἢ λυπεῖν, τοῖς τε πάροιθεν §240τεκμαιρόμενος καὶ τάσδε τύχας §241λεύσσων βασιλέως, ὅστις ἀρίστης §242ἀπλακὼν ἀλόχου τῆσδ’ ἀβίωτον §243τὸν ἔπειτα χρόνον βιοτεύσει.
Never will I say that marriage brings joy more than grief, judging both by past events and seeing these fortunes of the king, who, having lost this best of wives, will live a life not worth living for the time to come.
§244Ἅλιε καὶ φάος ἁμέρας, §245οὐράνιαί τε δῖναι νεφέλας δρομαίου.
(Alcestis) Sun, and light of day, and heavenly eddies of the running cloud.
§246ὁρᾷ σὲ κἀμέ, δύο κακῶς πεπραγότας, §247οὐδὲν θεοὺς δράσαντας ἀνθ’ ὅτου θανῇ.
(Admetus) It sees you and me, two who have fared ill, having done nothing to the gods for which you should die.
§248γαῖά τε καὶ μελάθρων στέγαι §249νυμφίδιοί τε κοῖται πατρίας Ἰωλκοῦ.
(Alcestis) Earth, and roofs of the halls, and bridal beds of my ancestral Iolcus.
§250ἔπαιρε σαυτήν, ὦ τάλαινα, μὴ προδῷς· §251λίσσου δὲ τοὺς κρατοῦντας οἰκτῖραι θεούς.
(Admetus) Raise yourself up, O unhappy one, do not betray me; and entreat the ruling gods to have pity.
§252ὁρῶ δίκωπον ὁρῶ σκάφος ἐν λίμνᾳ· §253νεκύων δὲ πορθμεὺς §254ἔχων χέρ’ ἐπὶ κοντῷ Χάρων §255μ’ ἤδη καλεῖ·
(Alcestis) I see, I see the two-oared boat on the lake; and the ferryman of the dead, Charon, with his hand upon the pole, already calls me: "Why do you delay?
Τί μέλλεις; §256ἐπείγου·
Hasten!
σὺ κατείργεις. τάδε τοί με §256aσπερχόμενος ταχύνει.
You are holding us back." Thus urging me, he hurries me on.
§257οἴμοι, πικράν γε τήνδε μοι ναυκληρίαν §258ἔλεξας.
(Admetus) Alas, a bitter voyage indeed is this you speak of.
ὦ δύσδαιμον, οἷα πάσχομεν.
O unhappy woman, what things we suffer!
§259ἄγει μ’ ἄγει τις· ἄγει μέ τις—οὐχ ὁρᾷς; — §260νεκύων ἐς αὐλάν, §261ὑπ’ ὀφρύσι κυαναυγέσι §262βλέπων πτερωτός—αἵδας.
(Alcestis) Someone is leading me, leading me—do you not see?— to the hall of the dead, looking from under dark-shining brows, the winged one—Hades.
§263τί ῥέξεις;
"What will you do?
ἄφες. —οἵαν ὅδον ἁ δει- §263aλαιότατα προβαίνω.
Release me!"—On what a journey, O most wretched, do I advance!
§264οἰκτρὰν φίλοισιν, ἐκ δὲ τῶν μάλιστ’ ἐμοὶ §265καὶ παισίν, οἷς δὴ πένθος ἐν κοινῷ τόδε.
(Admetus) A pitiful journey for your friends, and of them most of all for me and the children, to whom this grief is in common.
§266μέθετε μέθετέ μ’ ἤδη.
(Alcestis) Let me go, let me go now.
§267κλίνατʼ, οὐ σθένω ποσίν· §268πλησίον Ἅιδας.
Lay me down, I have no strength in my feet; Hades is near.
§269σκοτία δ’ ἐπ’ ὄσσοισι νὺξ ἐφέρπει.
And dark night creeps over my eyes.
§270τέκνα, τέκνʼ, οὐκέτι δὴ §271οὐκέτι μάτηρ σφῷν ἔστιν.
Children, children, no longer indeed, no longer is your mother.
§272χαίροντες, ὦ τέκνα, τόδε φάος ὁρῷτον.
May you, O children, look upon this light in joy.
§273οἴμοι·
(Admetus) Alas!
τόδ’ ἔπος λυπρὸν ἀκούω §274καὶ παντὸς ἐμοὶ θανάτου μεῖζον.
I hear this painful word, and greater to me than any death.
§275μὴ πρός σε θεῶν τλῇς με προδοῦναι, §276μὴ πρὸς παίδων οὓς ὀρφανιεῖς, §277ἀλλ’ ἄνα, τόλμα·
Do not, by the gods, bring yourself to abandon me, do not, by the children whom you will make orphans, but rise, take courage!
§277aσοῦ γὰρ φθιμένης οὐκέτ’ ἂν εἴην· §278ἐν σοὶ δ’ ἐσμὲν καὶ ζῆν καὶ μή· §279σὴν γὰρ φιλίαν σεβόμεσθα.
For if you die, I would no longer exist; in you we are both to live and not to live; for we revere your love.
§280Ἄδμηθʼ, ὁρᾷς γὰρ τἀμὰ πράγμαθ’ ὡς ἔχει, §281λέξαι θέλω σοι πρὶν θανεῖν ἃ βούλομαι.
(Alcestis) Admetus, for you see how my affairs stand, I wish to tell you before I die what I want.

Notes

  1. §197καὶ κατθανών τἂν ὤλετʼ — The word "τἂν" is a crasis of "τοι ἄν", which, combined with the aorist indicative "ὤλετο", forms the apodosis of a past unreal condition: "if he had died, he would have been destroyed (instantly)." It serves to contrast the quick release of death with the ongoing, lifelong pain that Admetus must now endure after escaping his own fate.
  2. §198οὗ ποτ’—οὐ λελήσεται — The relative pronoun "οὗ" refers to the antecedent "ἄλγος" (pain) and is in the genitive case. This is because the governing verb "λελήσεται" (future middle/passive of "λανθάνω", used in the sense of "forgetting") grammatically requires its object in the genitive.
  3. §210-211οὐ γάρ τι πάντες εὖ φρονοῦσι κοιράνοις, / ὥστ’ ἐν κακοῖσιν εὐμενεῖς παρεστάναι· — The phrase "εὖ φρονεῖν" (to be well-disposed) governs the dative "κοιράνοις". "ὥστε" introduces a clause of result with the infinitive "παρεστάναι" (to stand by), expressing the consequence or degree of their loyalty: "so as to stand by them kindly in times of trouble."
  4. §242-243ἀπλακὼν ἀλόχου τῆσδ’ ἀβίωτον / τὸν ἔπειτα χρόνον βιοτεύσει — The word "ἀπλακών" is an aorist active participle of "ἀμπλακίσκω" (to lose), describing the circumstance of the subject. The accusative phrase "ἀβίωτον τὸν ἔπειτα χρόνον" (the subsequent unlivable time) functions as a cognate accusative with the intransitive verb "βιοτεύσει" (he will live), defining the duration and quality of the life he is to lead.
  5. §256τάδε τοί με σπερχόμενος ταχύνει — The grammatical subject of the present middle participle "σπερχόμενος" (urging/hurrying) is Charon from the previous line. Combined with the accusative object "με" (me) and the active verb "ταχύνει" (hastens), it portrays an urgent, causative situation: "urging me, he hurries me on."
  6. §275μὴ πρός σε θεῶν τλῇς με προδοῦναι — "πρός σε θεῶν" is a formulaic expression of entreaty, in which the pronoun "σε" (you) is inserted between the preposition "πρός" and its genitive object "θεῶν" (by the gods), creating a hyperbaton. "μὴ τλῇς" is a prohibitive aorist subjunctive from "τλάω" (to bring oneself to/bear), expressing a desperate plea: "do not bring yourself to abandon me."

Cite this passage

Euripides, Alcestis §188-281. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg002.humanitext-grc2:188-281

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