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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §8.45.1-8.45.6

Flight of Alcibiades and His Counsel to Tissaphernes

Passage 853 of 917 · Greek

Summary

Alcibiades, suspected and marked for death by the Peloponnesians, flees to Tissaphernes. Becoming his adviser, he damages their interests by recommending pay cuts and manipulating the allied cities through bribes and arguments.

§8.45.1ἐν δὲ τούτῳ καὶ ἔτι πρότερον, πρὶν ἐς τὴν Ῥόδον αὐτοὺς ἀναστῆναι, τάδε ἐπράσσετο.
During this time, and even earlier, before they moved to Rhodes, the following things were taking place.
Ἀλκιβιάδης μετὰ τὸν Χαλκιδέως θάνατον καὶ τὴν ἐν Μιλήτῳ μάχην τοῖς Πελοποννησίοις ὕποπτος ὤν, καὶ ἀπ’ αὐτῶν ἀφικομένης ἐπιστολῆς πρὸς Ἀστύοχον ἐκ Λακεδαίμονος ὥστ’ ἀποκτεῖναι (ἦν γὰρ καὶ τῷ Ἄγιδι ἐχθρὸς καὶ ἄλλως ἄπιστος ἐφαίνετο), πρῶτον μὲν ὑποχωρεῖ δείσας παρὰ Τισσαφέρνην, ἔπειτα ἐκάκου πρὸς αὐτὸν ὅσον ἐδύνατο μάλιστα τῶν Πελοποννησίων τὰ πράγματα, §8.45.2καὶ διδάσκαλος πάντων γιγνόμενος τήν τε μισθοφορὰν ξυνέτεμεν, ἀντὶ δραχμῆς Ἀττικῆς ὥστε τριώβολον καὶ τοῦτο μὴ ξυνεχῶς δίδοσθαι, λέγειν κελεύων τὸν Τισσαφέρνην πρὸς αὐτοὺς ὡς Ἀθηναῖοι ἐκ πλέονος χρόνου ἐπιστήμονες ὄντες τοῦ ναυτικοῦ τριώβολον τοῖς ἑαυτῶν διδόασιν, οὐ τοσοῦτον πενίᾳ ὅσον ἵνα αὐτῶν μὴ οἱ ναῦται ἐκ περιουσίας ὑβρίζοντες οἱ μὲν τὰ σώματα χείρω ἔχωσι δαπανῶντες ἐς τοιαῦτα ἀφ’ ὧν ἡ ἀσθένεια ξυμβαίνει, οἱ δὲ τὰς ναῦς ἀπολείπωσιν οὐχ ὑπολιπόντες ἐς ὁμηρείαν τὸν προσοφειλόμενον μισθόν·
Alcibiades, having become suspected by the Peloponnesians after the death of Chalcideus and the battle of Miletus, and a letter having come from Lacedaemon from them to Astyochus ordering him to be put to death (for he was an enemy to Agis and in other ways appeared untrustworthy), first withdrew in fear to Tissaphernes, and then did all the harm he could to the Peloponnesians' affairs with him, and becoming his adviser in all things, he cut down their pay, so that instead of an Attic drachma they should receive only three obols, and even this not regularly, telling Tissaphernes to say to them that the Athenians, who had been skilled in naval affairs for a longer time, gave only three obols to their own men, not so much from poverty, but lest their sailors, becoming insolent through abundance, should impair their bodily health by spending money on things that cause sickness, or should desert their ships without leaving behind their unpaid pay as a pledge.
§8.45.3καὶ τοὺς τριηράρχους καὶ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τῶν πόλεων ἐδίδασκεν [ὥστε] δόντα χρήματα αὐτὸν πεῖσαι, ὥστε ξυγχωρῆσαι ταῦτα ἑαυτῷ πλὴν τῶν Συρακοσίων· τούτων δὲ Ἑρμοκράτης ἠναντιοῦτο μόνος ὑπὲρ τοῦ παντὸς ξυμμαχικοῦ.
He also instructed him to bribe the trierarchs and generals of the cities so that they would agree to this with him, except for the Syracusans; of these, Hermocrates alone opposed this on behalf of the whole alliance.
§8.45.4τάς τε πόλεις δεομένας χρημάτων ἀπήλασεν αὐτὸς ἀντιλέγων ὑπὲρ τοῦ Τισσαφέρνους ὡς οἱ μὲν Χῖοι ἀναίσχυντοι εἶεν πλουσιώτατοι ὄντες τῶν Ἑλλήνων, ἐπικουρίᾳ δ’ ὅμως σῳζόμενοι ἀξιοῦσι καὶ τοῖς σώμασι καὶ τοῖς χρήμασιν ἄλλους ὑπὲρ τῆς ἐκείνων ἐλευθερίας κινδυνεύειν·
And the cities which begged for money he drove away himself, speaking in opposition on behalf of Tissaphernes, saying that the Chians were shameless because, although they were the richest of the Greeks and were being saved by external aid, they nevertheless expected others to risk both their lives and their money for their freedom.
§8.45.5τὰς δ’ ἄλλας πόλεις ἔφη ἀδικεῖν, αἳ ἐς Ἀθηναίους πρότερον ἢ ἀποστῆναι ἀνήλουν, εἰ μὴ καὶ νῦν καὶ τοσαῦτα καὶ ἔτι πλείω ὑπὲρ σφῶν αὐτῶν ἐθελήσουσιν ἐσφέρειν.
As for the other cities, he said they were acting unjustly if, after having spent money on the Athenians before they revolted, they should not be willing to contribute now as much, and even more, for their own sakes.
§8.45.6τόν τε Τισσαφέρνην ἀπέφαινε νῦν μέν, τοῖς ἰδίοις χρήμασι πολεμοῦντα, εἰκότως φειδόμενον, ἢν δέ ποτε τροφὴ καταβῇ παρὰ βασιλέως, ἐντελῆ αὐτοῖς ἀποδώσειν τὸν μισθὸν καὶ τὰς πόλεις τὰ εἰκότα ὠφελήσειν.
And Tissaphernes, he pointed out, was naturally economical now, since he was waging war with his own private funds; but if ever resources should come down from the King, he would pay them their wages in full and give the cities all reasonable assistance.

Notes

  1. 8.45.1ὥστ’ ἀποκτεῖναι — The conjunction ὥστε here does not express actual result, but introduces an infinitive expressing the purpose or content of the letter (ἐπιστολῆς), meaning 'to the effect that they should put him to death.'
  2. 8.45.3δόντα χρήματα αὐτὸν πεῖσαι — The masculine accusative singular participle δόντα agrees with αὐτόν (referring to Tissaphernes), which is the subject of the infinitive πεῖσαι. The whole phrase forms an accusative and infinitive construction depending on ἐδίδασκεν, meaning 'he instructed him (Tissaphernes) to bribe them.'
  3. 8.45.5εἰ μὴ ... ἐθελήσουσιν — The conditional particle εἰ is used here with the future indicative (ἐθελήσουσιν) rather than the subjunctive or optative, expressing a strong, realistic assumption or threat: 'if they are not going to be willing to contribute.'

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §8.45.1-8.45.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:8.45.1-8.45.6

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