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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §8.27.1-8.27.6

Phrynichus' Decision and Athenian Retreat to Samos

Passage 835 of 917 · Greek

Summary

Upon learning of the approach of the Peloponnesian fleet, Phrynichus decides, against the wishes of his colleagues, to avoid an unreasonable battle and retreat to Samos, carrying out this plan.

§8.27.1καὶ οἱ μὲν ἅμα τῇ ἕῳ ἔμελλον βοηθήσειν·
And they were about to bring succor at dawn.
Φρύνιχος δὲ ὁ τῶν Ἀθηναίων στρατηγός, ὡς ἀπὸ τῆς Λέρου ἐπύθετο τὰ τῶν νεῶν σαφῶς, βουλομένων τῶν ξυναρχόντων ὑπομείναντας διαναυμαχεῖν, οὐκ ἔφη οὔτ’ αὐτὸς ποιήσειν τοῦτο οὔτ’ ἐκείνοις οὐδ’ ἄλλῳ οὐδενὶ ἐς δύναμιν ἐπιτρέψειν.
But Phrynichus, the general of the Athenians, when he learned clearly from Leros the state of the ships, although his colleagues wished to stay and fight a battle, said that he would neither do this himself nor, so far as lay in his power, permit them or anyone else to do so.
§8.27.2ὅπου γὰρ [ἔξεστιν] ἐν ὑστέρῳ σαφῶς εἰδότας πρὸς ὁπόσας τε ναῦς πολεμίας καὶ ὅσαις πρὸς αὐτὰς ταῖς σφετέραις ἱκανῶς καὶ καθ’ ἡσυχίαν παρασκευασαμένοις ἔσται ἀγωνίσασθαι, οὐδέποτε τῷ αἰσχρῷ ὀνείδει εἴξας ἀλόγως διακινδυνεύσειν.
For, he said, when it was possible to fight later, knowing clearly against how many hostile ships and with how many of their own they would contend, after having sufficiently and at leisure prepared themselves, he would never yield to the shameful reproach and run a risk unreasonably.
§8.27.3οὐ γὰρ αἰσχρὸν εἶναι Ἀθηναίους ναυτικῷ μετὰ καιροῦ ὑποχωρῆσαι, ἀλλὰ καὶ μετὰ ὁτουοῦν τρόπου αἴσχιον ξυμβήσεσθαι ἢν ἡσσηθῶσιν· καὶ τὴν πόλιν οὐ μόνον τῷ αἰσχρῷ, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῷ μεγίστῳ κινδύνῳ περιπίπτειν, ᾗ μόλις ἐπὶ ταῖς γεγενημέναις ξυμφοραῖς ἐνδέχεσθαι μετὰ βεβαίου παρασκευῆς καθ’ ἑκουσίαν, ἢ πάνυ γε ἀνάγκῃ, προτέρᾳ ποι ἐπιχειρεῖν, ἦ που δὴ μὴ βιαζομένῃ γε πρὸς αὐθαιρέτους κινδύνους ἰέναι.
For it was not shameful for Athenians to retreat with their fleet at an opportune moment, but in any manner whatsoever it would be more shameful if they should be defeated; and the city would fall into not only disgrace but also the greatest danger, a city which, after the misfortunes that had occurred, could scarcely with secure preparation undertake an offensive anywhere voluntarily, or indeed only under absolute necessity, let alone go of its own accord into self-chosen dangers when not forced to do so.
§8.27.4ὡς τάχιστα δὲ ἐκέλευε τούς τε τραυματίας ἀναλαβόντας καὶ τὸν πεζὸν καὶ τῶν σκευῶν ὅσα ἦλθον ἔχοντες, ἃ δ’ ἐκ τῆς πολεμίας εἰλήφασι καταλιπόντας ὅπως κοῦφαι ὦσιν αἱ νῆες, ἀποπλεῖν ἐς Σάμον, κἀκεῖθεν ἤδη ξυναγαγόντας πάσας τὰς ναῦς τοὺς ἐπίπλους, ἤν που καιρὸς ᾖ, ποιεῖσθαι.
And he ordered them to take on board as quickly as possible the wounded, the infantry, and as much of the baggage as they had brought with them, leaving behind what they had taken from the enemy's territory so that the ships might be light, and to sail away to Samos, and from there, having now assembled all their ships, to make cruises of attack if any opportunity should offer.
§8.27.5ὡς δὲ ἔπεισε, καὶ ἔδρασε ταῦτα· καὶ ἔδοξεν οὐκ ἐν τῷ αὐτίκα μᾶλλον ἢ ὕστερον, οὐκ ἐς τοῦτο μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐς ὅσα ἄλλα Φρύνιχος κατέστη, οὐκ ἀξύνετος εἶναι.
And as he persuaded them, he also did this; and he was thought, not more at that immediate moment than afterwards, and not only in this matter but also in all other things that Phrynichus undertook, to be not lacking in intelligence.
§8.27.6καὶ οἱ μὲν Ἀθηναῖοι ἀφ’ ἑσπέρας εὐθὺς τούτῳ τῷ τρόπῳ ἀτελεῖ τῇ νίκῃ ἀπὸ τῆς Μιλήτου ἀνέστησαν, καὶ οἱ Ἀργεῖοι κατὰ τάχος καὶ πρὸς ὀργὴν τῆς ξυμφορᾶς ἀπέπλευσαν ἐκ τῆς Σάμου ἐπ’ οἴκου·
And the Athenians in this manner immediately after evening withdrew from Miletus with their victory incomplete, and the Argives, in haste and in anger at their misfortune, sailed away from Samos for home.

Notes

  1. §8.27.2εἰδότας ... παρασκευασαμένοις — There is a mixture of cases between the accusative participle `εἰδότας` and the dative participle `παρασκευασαμένοις`. While `εἰδότας` functions as the subject accusative of the infinitive, `παρασκευασαμένοις` is attracted into the dative by the implied dative pronoun dependent on the impersonal `ἔσται` ("it will be possible"). This is an instance of anacoluthon common in Thucydides.
  2. §8.27.3ᾗ μόλις ἐπὶ ταῖς γεγενημέναις ξυμφοραῖς ἐνδέχεσθαι — The dative relative pronoun `ᾗ` refers back to the antecedent `τὴν πόλιν`. The infinitive `ἐνδέχεσθαι` represents the impersonal verb `ἐνδέχεται` ("it is possible/permissible") in indirect discourse (dependent on `οὐκ ἔφη` in §8.27.1), forming a relative clause meaning "for which (city) it is scarcely possible...".

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §8.27.1-8.27.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:8.27.1-8.27.6

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