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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §7.8.1-7.8.3

Nicias's Decision to Send a Letter to Athens

Passage 729 of 917 · Greek

Summary

Recognizing the enemy's growing strength and his own camp's distress, Nicias decided to send a detailed letter to Athens to avoid any oral distortion by messengers, while keeping his forces strictly on the defensive.

§7.8.1ὁ δὲ Νικίας αἰσθόμενος τοῦτο καὶ ὁρῶν καθ’ ἡμέραν ἐπιδιδοῦσαν τήν τε τῶν πολεμίων ἰσχὺν καὶ τὴν σφετέραν ἀπορίαν, ἔπεμπε καὶ αὐτὸς ἐς τὰς Ἀθήνας ἀγγέλλων πολλάκις μὲν καὶ ἄλλοτε καθ’ ἕκαστα τῶν γιγνομένων, μάλιστα δὲ καὶ τότε, νομίζων ἐν δεινοῖς τε εἶναι καί, εἰ μὴ ὡς τάχιστα ἢ σφᾶς μεταπέμψουσιν ἢ ἄλλους μὴ ὀλίγους ἀποστελοῦσιν, οὐδεμίαν εἶναι σωτηρίαν.
On his part, Nicias, perceiving this and seeing that the strength of the enemy was increasing day by day while their own difficulties were growing, himself also kept sending to Athens, reporting often on other occasions indeed each of the events as they occurred, but especially so at this time, since he believed that they were in a critical situation, and that unless they either recalled them as quickly as possible or sent out another force of no small size, there was no hope of safety.
§7.8.2φοβούμενος δὲ μὴ οἱ πεμπόμενοι ἢ κατὰ τὴν τοῦ λέγειν ἀδυνασίαν ἢ καὶ μνήμης ἐλλιπεῖς γιγνόμενοι ἢ τῷ ὄχλῳ πρὸς χάριν τι λέγοντες οὐ τὰ ὄντα ἀπαγγέλλωσιν, ἔγραψεν ἐπιστολήν, νομίζων οὕτως ἂν μάλιστα τὴν αὑτοῦ γνώμην μηδὲν ἐν τῷ ἀγγέλῳ ἀφανισθεῖσαν μαθόντας τοὺς Ἀθηναίους βουλεύσασθαι περὶ τῆς ἀληθείας.
But fearing lest those who were sent, either through inability to speak, or because they became deficient in memory, or else by saying something to please the multitude, should fail to report the facts as they were, he wrote a letter, thinking that in this way the Athenians, learning his real opinion with nothing of it obscured by the messenger, would best deliberate upon the truth of the situation.
§7.8.3καὶ οἱ μὲν ᾤχοντο φέροντες, οὓς ἀπέστειλε, τὰ γράμματα καὶ ὅσα ἔδει αὐτοὺς εἰπεῖν· ὁ δὲ τὰ κατὰ τὸ στρατόπεδον διὰ φυλακῆς μᾶλλον ἤδη ἔχων ἢ δι’ ἑκουσίων κινδύνων ἐπεμέλετο.
So those whom he dispatched departed, carrying the letter and whatever they were required to say; while Nicias now attended to the affairs of the camp, keeping them under guard rather than running voluntary risks.

Notes

  1. 7.8.1ἐπιδιδοῦσαν — A supplementary participle agreeing with the accusative subjects τήν τε τῶν πολεμίων ἰσχὺν and τὴν σφετέραν ἀπορίαν, governed by the verb of perception ὁρῶν. The intransitive verb ἐπιδίδωμι means 'to increase' or 'to advance', which in the case of the latter subject implies that their own difficulties were growing or worsening.
  2. 7.8.2νομίζων οὕτως ἂν μάλιστα τὴν αὑτοῦ γνώμην μηδὲν ἐν τῷ ἀγγέλῳ ἀφανισθεῖσαν μαθόντας τοὺς Ἀθηναίους βουλεύσασθαι περὶ τῆς ἀληθείας — In this complex accusative-with-infinitve construction, the particle ἂν goes with the infinitive βουλεύσασθαι, representing an potential optative (or indicative past) with ἂν in indirect discourse. The subject of the infinitive is τοὺς Ἀθηναίους, with which the participle μαθόντας agrees; this participle in turn governs the object τὴν αὑτοῦ γνώμην, which is modified by the passive participle ἀφανισθεῖσαν.
  3. 7.8.3διὰ φυλακῆς μᾶλλον ἤδη ἔχων ἢ δι’ ἑκουσίων κινδύνων — The combination of ἔχω with a prepositional phrase (here διὰ φυλακῆς and δι’ ἑκουσίων κινδύνων) is an idiomatic construction meaning 'to keep or manage in a certain state'. It governs the preceding object τὰ κατὰ τὸ στρατόπεδον (the affairs of the camp), contrasting 'keeping under guard' with 'exposing to voluntary risks'.

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §7.8.1-7.8.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:7.8.1-7.8.3

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