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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §7.77.1-7.77.7

Speech of Nicias Urging Hope and Resolve

Passage 798 of 917 · Greek

Summary

Facing the retreating army, Nicias encourages his men by citing past escapes from danger, urging them to maintain hope in divine mercy and in themselves as a marching city.

§7.77.1‘καὶ ἐκ τῶν παρόντων, ὦ Ἀθηναῖοι καὶ ξύμμαχοι, ἐλπίδα χρὴ ἔχειν (ἤδη τινὲς καὶ ἐκ δεινοτέρων ἢ τοιῶνδε ἐσώθησαν), μηδὲ καταμέμφεσθαι ὑμᾶς ἄγαν αὐτοὺς μήτε ταῖς ξυμφοραῖς μήτε ταῖς παρὰ τὴν ἀξίαν νῦν κακοπαθίαις.
'Even in the present circumstances, Athenians and allies, we must have hope (indeed, some have already been saved from even worse situations than these), and you must not blame yourselves too much either for your misfortunes or for your present undeserved sufferings.
§7.77.2κἀγώ τοι οὐδενὸς ὑμῶν οὔτε ῥώμῃ προφέρων (ἀλλ’ ὁρᾶτε δὴ ὡς διάκειμαι ὑπὸ τῆς νόσου) οὔτ’ εὐτυχίᾳ δοκῶν που ὕστερός του εἶναι κατά τε τὸν ἴδιον βίον καὶ ἐς τὰ ἄλλα, νῦν ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ κινδύνῳ τοῖς φαυλοτάτοις αἰωροῦμαι· καίτοι πολλὰ μὲν ἐς θεοὺς νόμιμα δεδιῄτημαι, πολλὰ δὲ ἐς ἀνθρώπους δίκαια καὶ ἀνεπίφθονα.
And I, too, though surpassing none of you in strength (indeed, you see in what state I am because of my disease) nor seeming to be at all superior to anyone in good fortune in my private life or in other respects, am now tossed about in the same danger as the meanest; yet I have lived much in accordance with my duty to the gods, and much in justice and without offense towards men.
§7.77.3ἀνθ’ ὧν ἡ μὲν ἐλπὶς ὅμως θρασεῖα τοῦ μέλλοντος, αἱ δὲ ξυμφοραὶ οὐ κατ’ ἀξίαν δὴ φοβοῦσιν.
Wherefore, my hope for the future is nevertheless bold, and these misfortunes do not frighten us as if they were deserved.
τάχα δὲ ἂν καὶ λωφήσειαν· ἱκανὰ γὰρ τοῖς τε πολεμίοις ηὐτύχηται, καὶ εἴ τῳ θεῶν ἐπίφθονοι ἐστρατεύσαμεν, ἀποχρώντως ἤδη τετιμωρήμεθα.
And perhaps they may even abate; for our enemies have had enough good fortune, and if we made this expedition under the envy of any of the gods, we have already been sufficiently punished.
§7.77.4ἦλθον γάρ που καὶ ἄλλοι τινὲς ἤδη ἐφ’ ἑτέρους, καὶ ἀνθρώπεια δράσαντες ἀνεκτὰ ἔπαθον.
For others also have before now gone against their neighbors, and having acted as men, have suffered what was endurable.
καὶ ἡμᾶς εἰκὸς νῦν τά τε ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ ἐλπίζειν ἠπιώτερα ἕξειν (οἴκτου γὰρ ἀπ’ αὐτῶν ἀξιώτεροι ἤδη ἐσμὲν ἢ φθόνοθυ), καὶ ὁρῶντες ὑμᾶς αὐτοὺς οἷοι ὁπλῖται ἅμα καὶ ὅσοι ξυντεταγμένοι χωρεῖτε μὴ καταπέπληχθε ἄγαν, λογίζεσθε δὲ ὅτι αὐτοί τε πόλις εὐθύς ἐστε ὅποι ἂν καθέζησθε καὶ ἄλλη οὐδεμία ὑμᾶς τῶν ἐν Σικελίᾳ οὔτ’ ἂν ἐπιόντας δέξαιτο ῥᾳδίως οὔτ’ ἂν ἱδρυθέντας που ἐξαναστήσειεν.
So we too may now reasonably hope to experience milder treatment from the gods (for we are already more worthy of their pity than of their envy), and looking at yourselves, what fine hoplites and how many in number you are marching in order, be not too dismayed, but reflect that you are yourselves immediately a city wherever you may settle, and that no other city in Sicily could easily either withstand you if you attack or dislodge you once you are established.
§7.77.5τὴν δὲ πορείαν ὥστ’ ἀσφαλῆ καὶ εὔτακτον εἶναι αὐτοὶ φυλάξατε, μὴ ἄλλο τι ἡγησάμενος ἕκαστος ἢ ἐν ᾧ ἂν ἀναγκασθῇ χωρίῳ μάχεσθαι, τοῦτο καὶ πατρίδα καὶ τεῖχος κρατήσας ἕξειν.
But see to it yourselves that your march be safe and orderly, each man thinking of nothing else than that, in whatever place he may be forced to fight, this he will hold, if he conquers, both as his country and his wall.
§7.77.6σπουδὴ δὲ ὁμοίως καὶ νύκτα καὶ ἡμέραν ἔσται τῆς ὁδοῦ· τὰ γὰρ ἐπιτήδεια βραχέα ἔχομεν, καὶ ἢν ἀντιλαβώμεθά του φιλίου χωρίου τῶν Σικελῶν (οὗτοι γὰρ ἡμῖν διὰ τὸ Συρακοσίων δέος ἔτι βέβαιοι εἰσίν), ἤδη νομίζετε ἐν τῷ ἐχυρῷ εἶναι.
And we must press on with our march equally by night and by day; for we have but scanty provisions, and if we can reach some friendly place of the Sicels (for they are still loyal to us because of their fear of the Syracusans), then you may consider yourselves already in safety.
προπέπεμπται δ’ ὡς αὐτούς, καὶ ἀπαντᾶν εἰρημένον καὶ σιτία ἄλλα κομίζειν.
Word has been sent forward to them, and they have been told to meet us and bring other provisions.
§7.77.7‘τό τε ξύμπαν γνῶτε, ὦ ἄνδρες στρατιῶται, ἀναγκαῖόν τε ὂν ὑμῖν ἀνδράσιν ἀγαθοῖς γίγνεσθαι ὡς μὴ ὄντος χωρίου ἐγγὺς ὅποι ἂν μαλακισθέντες σωθείητε καί, ἢν νῦν διαφύγητε τοὺς πολεμίους, οἵ τε ἄλλοι τευξόμενοι ὧν ἐπιθυμεῖτέ που ἐπιδεῖν καὶ οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι τὴν μεγάλην δύναμιν τῆς πόλεως καίπερ πεπτωκυῖαν ἐπανορθώσοντες· ἄνδρες γὰρ πόλις, καὶ οὐ τείχη οὐδὲ νῆες ἀνδρῶν κεναί. ’
And in short, know, soldiers, that it is necessary for you to be brave men, since there is no place nearby where you could be saved if you turned cowards, and that if you escape the enemy now, the rest of you will attain what you surely desire to see again, and the Athenians will raise up again the great power of their city, fallen though it be; for men make a city, and not walls or ships empty of men.'

Notes

  1. §7.77.1μηδὲ καταμέμφεσθαι — This infinitive depends on the impersonal verb χρὴ from the preceding clause ἐλπίδα χρὴ ἔχειν ('we must have hope... and we must not blame...'). Alternatively, it could be interpreted as an independent infinitive used as an imperative, but it is most natural to see it as continuing under the influence of χρὴ.
  2. §7.77.4οἷοι ὁπλῖται ἅμα καὶ ὅσοι ξυντεταγμένοι χωρεῖτε — An indirect exclamation (or question) clause acting as the direct object of the participle ὁρῶντες. The relative/interrogative adjectives οἷοι ('what sort of') and ὅσοι ('how many') modify the clause with the verb χωρεῖτε ('you march'), meaning 'looking at yourselves, what fine hoplites and how many in number you are marching in order.'
  3. §7.77.5μὴ ἄλλο τι ἡγησάμενος ἕκαστος ἢ ἐν ᾧ ἂν ἀναγκασθῇ χωρίῳ μάχεσθαι, τοῦτο καὶ πατρίδα καὶ τεῖχος κρατήσας ἕξειν — The nominative participle ἡγησάμενος (agreeing with the subject ἕκαστος) takes the infinitive clause [τοῦτο ... ἕξειν] as its object. The pronoun τοῦτο sums up and anticipates the relative clause [ἐν ᾧ ἂν ἀναγκασθῇ χωρίῳ μάχεσθαι] ('whatever place he may be forced to fight in'), meaning 'thinking that, by conquering this place, he will hold it as both country and wall.'
  4. §7.77.7ἀναγκαῖόν τε ὂν — A participle construction acting as the object of the imperative verb γνῶτε. It takes the form of an accusative absolute with the neuter impersonal participle ὄν, meaning '(know) that it is necessary...'

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §7.77.1-7.77.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:7.77.1-7.77.7

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