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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §7.60.1-7.60.5

Athenians Prepare All Ships for a Decisive Sea-Fight

Passage 781 of 917 · Greek

Summary

Faced with the blockade of the harbour and a shortage of provisions, the Athenians decide to abandon their upper walls, prepare all available ships for a decisive sea-fight, and retreat by land if defeated, after which Nicias prepares to address the despondent troops.

§7.60.1τοῖς δὲ Ἀθηναίοις τήν τε ἀπόκλῃσιν ὁρῶσι καὶ τὴν ἄλλην διάνοιαν αὐτῶν αἰσθομένοις βουλευτέα ἐδόκει.
The Athenians, seeing the blockage of the harbour and perceiving the rest of their enemy's plans, decided that they must hold a council.
§7.60.2καὶ ξυνελθόντες οἵ τε στρατηγοὶ καὶ οἱ ταξίαρχοι πρὸς τὴν παροῦσαν ἀπορίαν τῶν τε ἄλλων καὶ ὅτι τὰ ἐπιτήδεια οὔτε αὐτίκα ἔτι εἶχον̔ προπέμψαντες γὰρ ἐς Κατάνην ὡς ἐκπλευσόμενοι ἀπεῖπον μὴ ἐπάγειν’ οὔτε τὸ λοιπὸν ἔμελλον ἕξειν, εἰ μὴ ναυκρατήσουσιν, ἐβουλεύσαντο τὰ μὲν τείχη τὰ ἄνω ἐκλιπεῖν, πρὸς δ’ αὐταῖς ταῖς ναυσὶν ἀπολαβόντες διατειχίσματι ὅσον οἷόν τε ἐλάχιστον τοῖς τε σκεύεσι καὶ τοῖς ἀσθενοῦσιν ἱκανὸν γενέσθαι, τοῦτο μὲν φρουρεῖν, ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ ἄλλου πεζοῦ τὰς ναῦς ἁπάσας, ὅσαι ἦσαν καὶ δυναταὶ καὶ ἀπλοώτεραι, πάντα τινὰ ἐσβιβάζοντες πληρῶσαι, καὶ διαναυμαχήσαντες, ἢν μὲν νικῶσιν, ἐς Κατάνην κομίζεσθαι, ἢν δὲ μή, ἐμπρήσαντες τὰς ναῦς πεζῇ ξυνταξάμενοι ἀποχωρεῖν ᾗ ἂν τάχιστα μέλλωσί τινος χωρίου ἢ βαρβαρικοῦ ἢ Ἑλληνικοῦ φιλίου ἀντιλήψεσθαι.
And the generals and the taxiarchs met to consider their present difficulties, which included both other matters and especially the fact that they no longer had provisions for the immediate future (for they had previously sent messengers to Catana to say they were about to sail out, and had forbidden them to bring more provisions) nor were they likely to have any in the future unless they should win a victory at sea; they therefore decided to abandon their upper walls, and, enclosing a space as small as possible right by the ships, sufficient for their stores and the sick, to leave a garrison to guard this, while they made all the rest of the land force embark on all the ships that were available, both those that were seaworthy and those that were less so, filling them with every single man, and having fought a decisive sea-fight, if they should win, to make their way to Catana, but if not, to burn their ships, and retreating in orderly formation by land, to head for whatever friendly place, whether barbarian or Hellenic, they might reach most quickly.
§7.60.3καὶ οἱ μέν, ὡς ἔδοξεν αὐτοῖς ταῦτα, καὶ ἐποίησαν·
And having decided on these measures, they proceeded to carry them out.
ἔκ τε γὰρ τῶν ἄνω τειχῶν ὑποκατέβησαν καὶ τὰς ναῦς ἐπλήρωσαν πάσας, ἀναγκάσαντες ἐσβαίνειν ὅστις καὶ ὁπωσοῦν ἐδόκει ἡλικίας μετέχων ἐπιτήδειος εἶναι.
For they came down from the upper walls and manned all their ships, forcing everyone to embark who seemed in any way, by reason of his age, fit for service.
§7.60.4καὶ ξυνεπληρώθησαν νῆες αἱ πᾶσαι δέκα μάλιστα καὶ ἑκατόν· τοξότας τε ἐπ’ αὐτὰς πολλοὺς καὶ ἀκοντιστὰς τῶν τε Ἀκαρνάνων καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ξένων ἐσεβίβαζον, καὶ τἆλλα ὡς οἷόν τ’ ἦν ἐξ ἀναγκαίου τε καὶ τοιαύτης διανοίας ἐπορίσαντο.
In all, about one hundred and ten ships were manned; on these they embarked many archers and javelin-throwers from the Acarnanians and other mercenaries, and provided everything else as far as was possible under the pressure of necessity and in accordance with such a plan.
§7.60.5ὁ δὲ Νικίας, ἐπειδὴ τὰ πολλὰ ἑτοῖμα ἦν, ὁρῶν τοὺς στρατιώτας τῷ τε παρὰ τὸ εἰωθὸς πολὺ ταῖς ναυσὶ κρατηθῆναι ἀθυμοῦντας καὶ διὰ τὴν τῶν ἐπιτηδείων σπάνιν ὡς τάχιστα βουλομένους διακινδυνεύειν, ξυγκαλέσας ἅπαντας παρεκελεύσατό τε πρῶτον καὶ ἔλεξε τοιάδε.
When most of the preparations were ready, Nicias, seeing that the soldiers were despondent because they had been defeated at sea contrary to their custom, and were eager to risk a battle as quickly as possible owing to the scarcity of provisions, called them all together, and first encouraged them, speaking as follows.

Notes

  1. 7.60.1τοῖς δὲ Ἀθηναίοις... βουλευτέα ἐδόκει. — τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις is a dative that functions both as the dative of agent with the impersonal verbal adjective βουλευτέα (things to be deliberated) and as the dative with ἐδόκει (it seemed good to). βουλευτέα is a neuter plural used impersonally instead of the singular βουλευτέον.
  2. 7.60.2πρὸς τὴν παροῦσαν ἀπορίαν τῶν τε ἄλλων καὶ ὅτι... — Under the preposition πρὸς (in view of, to meet), the noun phrase τὴν παροῦσαν ἀπορίαν τῶν τε ἄλλων (their present difficulty in other matters) and the noun clause ὅτι... ἕξειν (the fact that they had no provisions and were not going to have any) are coordinated by καὶ. This is an example of syntactical asymmetry (variatio).
  3. 7.60.2ἀπεῖπον μὴ ἐπάγειν — Verbs of forbidding or denying, such as ἀπεῖπον, are regularly followed by an infinitive with a redundant negative μὴ. Thus, the phrase means 'they forbade them to bring (more provisions)'.
  4. 7.60.2ἀπολαβόντες διατειχίσματι ὅσον οἷόν τε ἐλάχιστον... — The direct object of the participle ἀπολαβόντες (having cut off / enclosed) is omitted, but is implied and defined by the subsequent adjectival phrase ὅσον... ἱκανὸν γενέσθαι (as small as possible... sufficient to be). διατειχίσματι (by a cross-wall) is a dative of instrument.
  5. 7.60.3ὅστις καὶ ὁπωσοῦν ἐδόκει ἡλικίας μετέχων ἐπιτήδειος εἶναι. — ὅστις... ἐδόκει (whoever seemed) is a relative clause with an omitted antecedent. ὁπωσοῦν is an adverb meaning 'in any way whatsoever'. ἡλικίας μετέχων (partaking of age, i.e., of military age) is a participle agreeing with the subject of the clause and qualifying their fitness (ἐπιτήδειος εἶναι).

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §7.60.1-7.60.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:7.60.1-7.60.5

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