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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §7.50.1-7.50.4

Syracusan Reinforcements and Eclipse Delaying the Athenian Retreat

Passage 771 of 917 · Greek

Summary

Gylippus and Sicanus return to Syracuse with reinforcements from Sicily and the Peloponnesus, prompting the Athenian generals to prepare a secret withdrawal; however, a lunar eclipse occurs just before departure, and Nicias insists on delaying the retreat for twenty-seven days in accordance with the soothsayers.

§7.50.1ὁ δὲ Γύλιππος καὶ ὁ Σικανὸς ἐν τούτῳ παρῆσαν ἐς τὰς Συρακούσας, ὁ μὲν Σικανὸς ἁμαρτὼν τοῦ Ἀκράγαντος (ἐν Γέλᾳ γὰρ ὄντος αὐτοῦ ἔτι ἡ τοῖς Συρακοσίοις στάσις [ἐς ] φιλία ἐξεπεπτώκει)· ὁ δὲ Γύλιππος ἄλλην τε στρατιὰν πολλὴν ἔχων ἦλθεν ἀπὸ τῆς Σικελίας καὶ τοὺς ἐκ τῆς Πελοποννήσου τοῦ ἦρος ἐν ταῖς ὁλκάσιν ὁπλίτας ἀποσταλέντας, ἀφικομένους ἀπὸ τῆς Λιβύης ἐς Σελινοῦντα.
Meanwhile Gylippus and Sicanus returned to Syracuse. Sicanus had failed to win over Acragas (for while he was still at Gela, the party strife had already ended in friendship for the Syracusans); but Gylippus arrived bringing not only a large additional army from Sicily, but also the hoplites who had been sent from the Peloponnesus in merchant ships in the spring and had arrived at Selinus from Libya.
§7.50.2ἀπενεχθέντες γὰρ ἐς Λιβύην, καὶ δόντων Κυρηναίων τριήρεις δύο καὶ τοῦ πλοῦ ἡγεμόνας, καὶ ἐν τῷ παράπλῳ Εὐεσπερίταις πολιορκουμένοις ὑπὸ Λιβύων ξυμμαχήσαντες καὶ νικήσαντες τοὺς Λίβυς, καὶ αὐτόθεν παραπλεύσαντες ἐς Νέαν πόλιν Καρχηδονιακὸν ἐμπόριον, ὅθενπερ Σικελία ἐλάχιστον δυοῖν ἡμερῶν καὶ νυκτὸς πλοῦν ἀπέχει, καὶ ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ περαιωθέντες ἀφίκοντο ἐς Σελινοῦντα.
For these hoplites, having been carried away to Libya, and when the Cyrenaeans had given them two triremes and pilots for their voyage, and having allied with the Euesperitae who were being besieged by the Libyans and defeated the Libyans, sailed along the coast from there to Neapolis, a Carthaginian trading post from which Sicily is at the shortest distance, a voyage of two days and a night, and crossing over from there, they arrived at Selinus.
§7.50.3καὶ οἱ μὲν Συρακόσιοι εὐθὺς αὐτῶν ἐλθόντων παρεσκευάζοντο ὡς ἐπιθησόμενοι κατ᾽ ἀμφότερα αὖθις τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις καὶ ναυσὶ καὶ πεζῷ·
Immediately upon their arrival, the Syracusans began to make preparations to attack the Athenians again on both elements, by sea and by land.
οἱ δὲ τῶν Ἀθηναίων στρατηγοὶ ὁρῶντες στρατιάν τε ἄλλην προσγεγενημένην αὐτοῖς καὶ τὰ ἑαυτῶν ἅμα οὐκ ἐπὶ τὸ βέλτιον χωροῦντα, ἀλλὰ καθ’ ἡμέραν τοῖς πᾶσι χαλεπώτερον ἴσχοντα, μάλιστα δὲ τῇ ἀσθενείᾳ τῶν ἀνθρώπων πιεζόμενα, μετεμέλοντό τε πρότερον οὐκ ἀναστάντες καὶ ὡς αὐτοῖς οὐδὲ ὁ Νικίας ἔτι ὁμοίως ἐνηντιοῦτο, ἀλλ’ ἢ μὴ φανερῶς γε ἀξιῶν ψηφίζεσθαι, προεῖπον ὡς ἐδύναντο ἀδηλότατα ἔκπλουν ἐκ τοῦ στρατοπέδου πᾶσι, καὶ παρασκευάσασθαι ὅταν τις σημήνῃ.
The Athenian generals, seeing that a fresh army had joined the enemy, and that their own affairs at the same time were not improving, but were daily becoming more difficult in every respect, and especially that they were hard pressed by the sickness of their men, regretted that they had not withdrawn before. Since Nicias also no longer opposed them in the same way, except that he did not wish to vote openly, they gave orders to all, as secretly as possible, to sail out of the camp, and to be ready when the signal should be given.
§7.50.4καὶ μελλόντων αὐτῶν, ἐπειδὴ ἑτοῖμα ἦν, ἀποπλεῖν ἡ σελήνη ἐκλείπει· ἐτύγχανε γὰρ πασσέληνος οὖσα.
And when they were about to sail, everything being ready, the moon was eclipsed; for it happened to be a full moon.
καὶ οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι οἵ τε πλείους ἐπισχεῖν ἐκέλευον τοὺς στρατηγοὺς ἐνθύμιον ποιούμενοι, καὶ ὁ Νικίας (ἦν γάρ τι καὶ ἄγαν θειασμῷ τε καὶ τῷ τοιούτῳ προσκείμενος) οὐδ’ ἂν διαβουλεύσασθαι ἔτι ἔφη πρίν, ὡς οἱ μάντεις ἐξηγοῦντο, τρὶς ἐννέα ἡμέρας μεῖναι, ὅπως ἂν πρότερον κινηθείη.
Most of the Athenians, taking this to heart, urged the generals to wait, and Nicias, who was somewhat excessively addicted to divination and such things, declared that he would not even discuss the question of departure until they had waited thrice nine days, as the soothsayers prescribed, before he would make any move.
καὶ τοῖς μὲν Ἀθηναίοις μελλήσασι διὰ τοῦτο ἡ μονὴ ἐγεγένητο.
Thus, because of this, delay was forced upon the Athenians when they were on the point of sailing.

Notes

  1. 7.50.1ἡ τοῖς Συρακοσίοις στάσις [ἐς] φιλία ἐξεπεπτώκει — The clause explains how the factional strife ended. Depending on the text editing (reading nominative φιλία as a predicate, or restoring [ἐς] φιλίαν), it means 'the party strife had settled into a state of friendship (or alliance) favorable to the Syracusans,' thus preventing Sicanus from winning the city over.
  2. 7.50.2ἀπενεχθέντες — An instance of anacoluthon. In §7.50.1, the hoplites were introduced in the accusative case (τοὺς ... ὁπλίτας), but here in §7.50.2, the author shifts to nominative plural participles (ἀπενεχθέντες, ξυμμαχήσαντες, etc.), which function as the subject of the main verb ἀφίκοντο.
  3. 7.50.3ἀλλ’ ἢ μὴ φανερῶς γε ἀξιῶν ψηφίζεσθαι — The phrase ἀλλ’ ἢ is an idiomatic construction meaning 'except that' or 'save only.' It qualifies Nicias's change of mind: he no longer opposed the retreat, except that he did not want a public vote to be held on the matter.
  4. 7.50.4οὐδ’ ἂν διαβουλεύσασθαι ἔτι ἔφη πρίν — The particle ἂν goes with the infinitive διαβουλεύσασθαι to express a potential or a strong negative intention in indirect discourse introduced by ἔφη. The conjunction πρίν with the infinitive μεῖναι means 'until they should wait.'

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §7.50.1-7.50.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:7.50.1-7.50.4

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