Humanitext Reader

Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §7.38.1-7.38.3

Indecisive Naval Skirmish and Nicias's Defensive Measures

Passage 759 of 917 · Greek

Summary

The skirmishes of both fleets ended indecisively, and while the Syracusans remained quiet, Nicias ordered the repair of the Athenian ships and secured their position by anchoring merchant vessels at regular intervals in front of their stockade.

§7.38.1τῆς δὲ ἡμέρας ἐπὶ πολὺ προσπλέοντες καὶ ἀνακρουόμενοι καὶ πειράσαντες ἀλλήλων καὶ οὐδέτεροι δυνάμενοι ἄξιόν τι λόγου παραλαβεῖν, εἰ μὴ ναῦν μίαν ἢ δύο τῶν Ἀθηναίων οἱ Συρακόσιοι καταδύσαντες, διεκρίθησαν· καὶ ὁ πεζὸς ἅμα ἀπὸ τῶν τειχῶν ἀπῆλθεν.
For the greater part of the day, they kept sailing up and backing water, and made trials of one another, but neither side was able to achieve anything worthy of mention, except that the Syracusans sank one or two of the Athenian ships; and then they parted, and at the same time the land force withdrew from the walls.
§7.38.2τῇ δ’ ὑστεραίᾳ οἱ μὲν Συρακόσιοι ἡσύχαζον, οὐδὲν δηλοῦντες ὁποῖόν τι τὸ μέλλον ποιήσουσιν·
On the next day, the Syracusans remained quiet, showing no indication of what they would do in the future.
ὁ δὲ Νικίας ἰδὼν ἀντίπαλα τὰ τῆς ναυμαχίας γενόμενα καὶ ἐλπίζων αὐτοὺς αὖθις ἐπιχειρήσειν τούς τε τριηράρχους ἠνάγκαζεν ἐπισκευάζειν τὰς ναῦς, εἴ τίς τι ἐπεπονήκει, καὶ ὁλκάδας προώρμισε πρὸ τοῦ σφετέρου σταυρώματος, ὃ αὐτοῖς πρὸ τῶν νεῶν ἀντὶ λιμένος κλῃστοῦ ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ ἐπεπήγει.
Meanwhile, Nicias, seeing that the result of the sea-fight had been equal, and expecting that they would attack again, compelled the trierarchs to repair their ships if any had suffered damage, and moored merchant vessels in front of their own stockade, which had been driven into the sea for them in front of the ships to serve as a closed harbor.
§7.38.3διαλειπούσας δὲ τὰς ὁλκάδας ὅσον δύο πλέθρα ἀπ’ ἀλλήλων κατέστησεν, ὅπως, εἴ τις βιάζοιτο ναῦς, εἴη κατάφευξις ἀσφαλὴς καὶ πάλιν καθ’ ἡσυχίαν ἔκπλους.
He stationed these merchant vessels at intervals of about two plethra from one another, so that, if any ship should be hard pressed, there might be a safe place of refuge and an opportunity to sail out again in safety.
παρασκευαζόμενοι δὲ ταῦτα ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν διετέλεσαν οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι μέχρι νυκτός.
The Athenians spent the whole day preparing these things until nightfall.

Notes

  1. 7.38.1τῆς δὲ ἡμέρας ἐπὶ πολύ — The genitive `τῆς ἡμέρας` is a genitive of time within which, limiting or qualifying the adverbial phrase `ἐπὶ πολύ` ('for a great part' or 'over a long stretch'). It means 'for the greater part of the day.'
  2. 7.38.1εἰ μὴ ναῦν μίαν ἢ δύο τῶν Ἀθηναίων οἱ Συρακόσιοι καταδύσαντες — A clausal construction with `εἰ μὴ` ('except') followed by the nominative participle `καταδύσαντες`. It functions as an exception to the main clause's negative statement that neither side achieved anything of significance.
  3. 7.38.2ἀντίπαλα τὰ τῆς ναυμαχίας γενόμενα — A participial construction functioning as the object of `ἰδών`. The neuter plural `τὰ τῆς ναυμαχίας` ('the affairs of the sea-fight') is the subject of the participle `γενόμενα`, while `ἀντίπαλα` (neuter plural accusative) acts as its predicate, meaning 'seeing that the results of the sea-fight had become equal.'
  4. 7.38.2εἴ τίς τι ἐπεπονήκει — The nominative indefinite pronoun `τις`, though grammatically masculine/feminine singular, refers in context to 'any of the ships' (or 'any of the trierarchs'), while the accusative `τι` functions adverbially ('at all') or as a cognate/direct object. The verb `ἐπεπονήκει` is the pluperfect of `πονέω` ('to be damaged' or 'suffer wear'), representing a hypothetical completed state in past time.
  5. 7.38.3εἴ τις βιάζοιτο ναῦς — The verb `βιάζοιτο` is a middle/passive optative, and `ναῦς` (nominative singular feminine) is its subject. It is best interpreted passively: 'if any (Athenian) ship should be hard pressed' (by the enemy). The optative is used because it stands in a conditional clause embedded within a purpose clause (`ὅπως`) depending on a historical main verb (`κατέστησεν`).

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §7.38.1-7.38.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:7.38.1-7.38.3

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.