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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §7.23.1-7.23.4

Fall of Plemmyrium and Athenian Naval Victory

Passage 744 of 917 · Greek

Summary

While Gylippus launches a surprise attack and captures the Athenian forts on land, the Athenian navy defeats the disorganized Syracusan fleet at sea, securing a turnaround victory.

§7.23.1ἐν τούτῳ δ’ ὁ Γύλιππος τῶν ἐν τῷ Πλημμυρίῳ Ἀθηναίων πρὸς τὴν θάλασσαν ἐπικαταβάντων καὶ τῇ ναυμαχίᾳ τὴν γνώμην προσεχόντων φθάνει προσπεσὼν ἅμα τῇ ἕῳ αἰφνιδίως τοῖς τείχεσι, καὶ αἱρεῖ τὸ μέγιστον πρῶτον, ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ τὰ ἐλάσσω δύο, οὐχ ὑπομεινάντων τῶν φυλάκων, ὡς εἶδον τὸ μέγιστον ῥᾳδίως ληφθέν.
Meanwhile, since the Athenians in Plemyrium had gone down to the sea and were giving their attention to the sea-fight, Gylippus anticipated them by suddenly attacking the forts at daybreak, and captured the largest first, and then the two smaller ones, as the guards did not hold their ground when they saw the largest easily taken.
§7.23.2καὶ ἐκ μὲν τοῦ πρώτου ἁλόντος χαλεπῶς οἱ ἄνθρωποι, ὅσοι καὶ ἐς τὰ πλοῖα καὶ ὁλκάδα τινὰ κατέφυγον, ἐς τὸ στρατόπεδον ἐξεκομίζοντο· τῶν γὰρ Συρακοσίων ταῖς ἐν τῷ μεγάλῳ λιμένι ναυσὶ κρατούντων τῇ ναυμαχίᾳ ὑπὸ τριήρους μιᾶς καὶ εὖ πλεούσης ἐπεδιώκοντο· ἐπειδὴ δὲ τὰ δύο τειχίσματα ἡλίσκετο, ἐν τούτῳ καὶ οἱ Συρακόσιοι ἐτύγχανον ἤδη νικώμενοι καὶ οἱ ἐξ αὐτῶν φεύγοντες ῥᾷον παρέπλευσαν.
And from the first fort captured, those who had fled to the boats and a certain merchant vessel made their escape with difficulty to the camp; for since the Syracusans were winning the sea-fight with their ships in the Great Harbour, they were pursued by a single fast-sailing trireme; but when the other two forts were being taken, at this time the Syracusans also happened to be already being defeated, and those fleeing from these forts sailed along the coast more easily.
§7.23.3αἱ γὰρ τῶν Συρακοσίων αἱ πρὸ τοῦ στόματος νῆες ναυμαχοῦσαι βιασάμεναι τὰς τῶν Ἀθηναίων ναῦς οὐδενὶ κόσμῳ ἐσέπλεον, καὶ ταραχθεῖσαι περὶ ἀλλήλας παρέδοσαν τὴν νίκην τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις· ταύτας τε γὰρ ἔτρεψαν καὶ ὑφ’ ὧν τὸ πρῶτον ἐνικῶντο ἐν τῷ λιμένι.
For the Syracusan ships fighting in front of the mouth of the harbour, having forced their way through the Athenian ships, sailed in without any order, and falling into confusion among themselves, surrendered the victory to the Athenians; for the Athenians routed both these and the ships by which they were at first being defeated inside the harbour.
§7.23.4καὶ ἕνδεκα μὲν ναῦς τῶν Συρακοσίων κατέδυσαν, καὶ τοὺς πολλοὺς τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἀπέκτειναν, πλὴν ὅσον ἐκ τριῶν νεῶν οὓς ἐζώγρησαν· τῶν δὲ σφετέρων τρεῖς νῆες διεφθάρησαν.
And they sank eleven ships of the Syracusans and killed most of the men, except for those from three ships whom they took alive; while of their own ships, three were destroyed.
τὰ δὲ ναυάγια ἀνελκύσαντες τῶν Συρακοσίων καὶ τροπαῖον ἐν τῷ νησιδίῳ στήσαντες τῷ πρὸ τοῦ Πλημμυρίου, ἀνεχώρησαν ἐς τὸ ἑαυτῶν στρατόπεδον.
Having towed away the wrecks of the Syracusan ships and erected a trophy on the small island in front of Plemyrium, they withdrew to their own camp.

Notes

  1. 7.23.1φθάνει προσπεσὼν — The combination of the verb φθάνω and a supplementary participle expresses the idea of anticipating someone or doing something before others. Here, it indicates that Gylippus forestalled the Athenians by launching a surprise attack.
  2. 7.23.1τῶν ἐν τῷ Πλημμυρίῳ Ἀθηναίων ... προσεχόντων — Genitive absolute construction (subject: οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι), indicating the temporal background ('while they were...') when Gylippus launched his surprise attack.
  3. 7.23.3ὑφ’ ὧν τὸ πρῶτον ἐνικῶντο — The preposition ὑπό of agent with the genitive relative pronoun ὧν. The antecedent is omitted and refers to the other group of Syracusan ships by which the Athenians were initially being defeated in the Great Harbour.

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §7.23.1-7.23.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:7.23.1-7.23.4

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