Humanitext Reader

Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §6.96.1-6.96.3

Syracusan Defense of Epipolae and Selection of Elite Troops

Passage 712 of 917 · Greek

Summary

Upon learning of the Athenians' approach, the Syracusans resolve to defend the strategic heights of Epipolae, holding a review of their troops and selecting a guard of six hundred picked men.

§6.96.1καὶ οἱ Συρακόσιοι τοῦ αὐτοῦ θέρους, ὡς ἐπύθοντο τούς [τε] ἱππέας ἥκοντας τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις καὶ μέλλοντας ἤδη ἐπὶ σφᾶς ἰέναι, νομίσαντες, ἐὰν μὴ τῶν Ἐπιπολῶν κρατήσωσιν οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι, χωρίου ἀποκρήμνου τε καὶ ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως εὐθὺς κειμένου, οὐκ ἂν ῥᾳδίως σφᾶς, οὐδ’ εἰ κρατοῖντο μάχῃ, ἀποτειχισθῆναι, διενοοῦντο τὰς προσβάσεις αὐτῶν φυλάσσειν, ὅπως μὴ κατὰ ταύτας λάθωσι σφᾶς ἀναβάντες οἱ πολέμιοι· οὐ γὰρ ἂν ἄλλῃ γε αὐτοὺς δυνηθῆναι.
During the same summer, when the Syracusans learned that the cavalry had arrived for the Athenians and that they were already about to march against them, they judged that, unless the Athenians became masters of Epipolae—a precipitous place lying directly above the city—they themselves could not easily be shut in by a wall, even if they should be defeated in battle; they therefore resolved to guard the approaches to it, so that the enemy might not ascend by these and escape their notice; for in no other way could they be able to do so.
§6.96.2ἐξήρτηται γὰρ τὸ ἄλλο χωρίον, καὶ μέχρι τῆς πόλεως ἐπικλινές τ’ ἐστὶ καὶ ἐπιφανὲς πᾶν ἔσω· καὶ ὠνόμασται ὑπὸ τῶν Συρακοσίων διὰ τὸ ἐπιπολῆς τοῦ ἄλλου εἶναι Ἐπιπολαί.
For the rest of the ground is steep, and right down to the city it slopes and is all visible from within; and it has been named "Epipolae" by the Syracusans because of its being on top of the rest of the ground.
§6.96.3καὶ οἱ μὲν ἐξελθόντες πανδημεὶ ἐς τὸν λειμῶνα παρὰ τὸν Ἄναπον ποταμὸν ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ (ἐτύγχανον γὰρ αὐτοῖς καὶ οἱ περὶ τὸν Ἑρμοκράτη στρατηγοὶ ἄρτι παρειληφότες τὴν ἀρχήν) ἐξέτασίν τε ὅπλων ἐποιοῦντο καὶ ἑξακοσίους λογάδας τῶν ὁπλιτῶν ἐξέκριναν πρότερον, ὧν ἦρχε Διόμιλος φυγὰς ἐξ Ἄνδρου, ὅπως τῶν τε Ἐπιπολῶν εἶεν φύλακες, καὶ ἢν ἐς ἄλλο τι δέῃ, ταχὺ ξυνεστῶτες παραγίγνωνται.
So they went out in full force to the meadow along the river Anapus at daybreak (for it happened that Hermocrates and his fellow generals had just taken over their office) and held a review of their arms, and they had previously selected six hundred picked men of the hoplites, commanded by Diomilus, an exile from Andros, so that they might guard Epipolae, and if there should be need for anything else, they might quickly arrive in an organized body.

Notes

  1. §6.96.1οὐκ ἂν ῥᾳδίως σφᾶς, οὐδ’ εἰ κρατοῖντο μάχῃ, ἀποτειχισθῆναι — An accusative and infinitive construction (indirect discourse) dependent on the participle νομίσαντες. The reflexive pronoun σφᾶς acts as the subject of the infinitive and refers to the Syracusans (the subject of the main clause). The clause οὐδ’ εἰ κρατοῖντο μάχῃ ("even if they [the Athenians] should be victorious in battle") is an embedded conditional clause using the potential optative.
  2. §6.96.1οὐ γὰρ ἂν ἄλλῃ γε αὐτοὺς δυνηθῆναι — The infinitive δυνηθῆναι continues the indirect discourse governed by νομίσαντες (or an implied verb of thinking/saying), representing a potential optative with ἄν in direct discourse (οὐ γὰρ ἂν ἄλλῃ γε δυνηθεῖεν, "for they would not be able to do so in any other way"). The accusative subject αὐτούς refers to the enemy (the Athenians).
  3. §6.96.2ἔσω — An adverb meaning "from within" (i.e., from inside the city), describing how the entire slope of Epipolae was completely visible to those situated inside Syracuse.
  4. §6.96.3ἐτύγχανον γὰρ αὐτοῖς καὶ οἱ περὶ τὸν Ἑρμοκράτη στρατηγοὶ ἄρτι παρειληφότες τὴν ἀρχήν — The verb τυγχάνω combined with the participle παρειληφότες expresses a coinciding event ("they happened to have just taken over"). The dative αὐτοῖς is a dative of interest or ethical dative, referring to the Syracusans in whose sphere this event occurred.

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §6.96.1-6.96.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:6.96.1-6.96.3

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