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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §6.88.1-6.88.10

Camarina's Neutrality and the Appeal to Sparta

Passage 704 of 917 · Greek

Summary

After Euphemus' speech, Camarina declares neutrality, while Athens and Syracuse prepare for war and seek allies. Syracusan envoys and Alcibiades travel to Sparta to request aid.

§6.88.1τοιαῦτα δὲ ὁ Εὔφημος εἶπεν.
Thus Euphemus spoke.
οἱ δὲ Καμαριναῖοι ἐπεπόνθεσαν τοιόνδε.
And the Camarinaeans experienced the following.
τοῖς μὲν Ἀθηναίοις εὖνοι ἦσαν, πλὴν καθ’ ὅσον [εἰ] τὴν Σικελίαν ᾤοντο αὐτοὺς δουλώσεσθαι, τοῖς δὲ Συρακοσίοις αἰεὶ κατὰ τὸ ὅμορον διάφοροι·
On the one hand, they were well-disposed to the Athenians, except insofar as they thought they would enslave Sicily; on the other hand, they were always at variance with the Syracusans because of their proximity.
δεδιότες δ’ οὐχ ἧσσον τοὺς Συρακοσίους ἐγγὺς ὄντας μὴ καὶ ἄνευ σφῶν περιγένωνται, τό τε πρῶτον αὐτοῖς τοὺς ὀλίγους ἱππέας ἔπεμψαν καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν ἐδόκει αὐτοῖς ὑπουργεῖν μὲν τοῖς Συρακοσίοις μᾶλλον ἔργῳ, ὡς ἂν δύνωνται μετριώτατα, ἐν δὲ τῷ παρόντι, ἵνα μηδὲ τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις ἔλασσον δοκῶσι νεῖμαι, ἐπειδὴ καὶ ἐπικρατέστεροι τῇ μάχῃ ἐγένοντο, λόγῳ ἀποκρίνασθαι ἴσα ἀμφοτέροις.
Fearing the Syracusans, who were close at hand, no less—lest they should prevail even without them—they had first sent them their few cavalry, and for the future it seemed best to them to assist the Syracusans rather in deed, as moderately as they could, but for the present, so that they might not seem to distribute less to the Athenians either, especially since they had also been more victorious in the battle, to answer in word equally to both.
§6.88.2καὶ οὕτω βουλευσάμενοι ἀπεκρίναντο, ἐπειδὴ τυγχάνει ἀμφοτέροις οὖσι ξυμμάχοις σφῶν πρὸς ἀλλήλους πόλεμος ὤν, εὔορκον δοκεῖν εἶναι σφίσιν ἐν τῷ παρόντι μηδετέροις ἀμύνειν.
And having so resolved, they replied that, since a war happened to be going on between both who were their allies, it seemed to them to be consistent with their oath for the present to aid neither side.
καὶ οἱ πρέσβεις ἑκατέρων ἀπῆλθον.
And the ambassadors of each party departed.
§6.88.3καὶ οἱ μὲν Συρακόσιοι τὰ καθ’ ἑαυτοὺς ἐξηρτύοντο ἐς τὸν πόλεμον, οἱ δ’ Ἀθηναῖοι ἐν τῇ Νάξῳ ἐστρατοπεδευμένοι τὰ πρὸς τοὺς Σικελοὺς ἔπρασσον ὅπως αὐτοῖς ὡς πλεῖστοι προσχωρήσονται.
And the Syracusans for their part were preparing what concerned themselves for the war, while the Athenians, encamped at Naxos, were negotiating with the Sicels so that as many as possible might join them.
§6.88.4καὶ οἱ μὲν πρὸς τὰ πεδία μᾶλλον τῶν Σικελῶν ὑπήκοοι ὄντες τῶν Συρακοσίων οἱ πολλοὶ ἀφειστήκεσαν· τῶν δὲ τὴν μεσόγειαν ἐχόντων αὐτόνομοι οὖσαι καὶ πρότερον αἰεὶ 〈αἱ〉 οἰκήσεις εὐθὺς πλὴν ὀλίγοι μετὰ τῶν Ἀθηναίων ἦσαν, καὶ σῖτόν τε κατεκόμιζον τῷ στρατεύματι καὶ εἰσὶν οἳ καὶ χρήματα.
And those of the Sicels who belonged rather to the plains, being subjects of the Syracusans, for the most part held aloof; but of those who held the interior, their settlements having always been independent even before, immediately joined the Athenians, except for a few, and they brought down grain to the army, and some also money.
§6.88.5ἐπὶ δὲ τοὺς μὴ προσχωροῦντας οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι στρατεύοντες τοὺς μὲν προσηνάγκαζον, τοὺς δὲ καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν Συρακοσίων φρουρούς τε πεμπόντων καὶ βοηθούντων ἀπεκωλύοντο.
And against those who did not join them, the Athenians made expeditions and compelled some, but were prevented from others by the Syracusans sending garrisons and bringing aid.
τόν τε χειμῶνα μεθορμισάμενοι ἐκ τῆς Νάξου ἐς τὴν Κατάνην καὶ τὸ στρατόπεδον ὃ κατεκαύθη ὑπὸ τῶν Συρακοσίων αὖθις ἀνορθώσαντες διεχείμαζον.
And changing their anchorage for the winter from Naxos to Catana, and having rebuilt the camp which had been burned by the Syracusans, they wintered there.
§6.88.6καὶ ἔπεμψαν μὲν ἐς Καρχηδόνα τριήρη περὶ φιλίας, εἰ δύναιντό τι ὠφελεῖσθαι, ἔπεμψαν δὲ καὶ ἐς Τυρσηνίαν, ἔστιν ὧν πόλεων ἐπαγγελλομένων καὶ αὐτῶν ξυμπολεμεῖν.
And they sent a trireme to Carthage concerning friendship, to see if they could obtain any benefit, and they also sent to Tyrrhenia, as some of the cities there had offered to join them in the war.
περιήγγελλον δὲ καὶ τοῖς Σικελοῖς καὶ ἐς τὴν Ἔγεσταν πέμψαντες ἐκέλευον ἵππους σφίσιν ὡς πλείστους πέμπειν, καὶ τἆλλα ἐς τὸν περιτειχισμόν, πλινθία καὶ σίδηρον, ἡτοίμαζον, καὶ ὅσα ἔδει, ὡς ἅμα τῷ ἦρι ἑξόμενοι τοῦ πολέμου.
They also sent round to the Sicels, and sending to Egesta, they ordered them to send them as many horses as possible, and they prepared the other things for the circumvallation, bricks and iron, and all that was necessary, intending to hold to the war as soon as spring began.
§6.88.7οἱ δ’ ἐς τὴν Κόρινθον καὶ Λακεδαίμονα τῶν Συρακοσίων ἀποσταλέντες πρέσβεις τούς τε Ἰταλιώτας ἅμα παραπλέοντες ἐπειρῶντο πείθειν μὴ περιορᾶν τὰ γιγνόμενα ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀθηναίων, ὡς καὶ ἐκείνοις ὁμοίως ἐπιβουλευόμενα, καὶ ἐπειδὴ ἐν τῇ Κορίνθῳ ἐγένοντο, λόγους ἐποιοῦντο ἀξιοῦντες σφίσι κατὰ τὸ ξυγγενὲς βοηθεῖν.
The ambassadors of the Syracusans dispatched to Corinth and Lacedaemon, coasting along at the same time, tried to persuade the Italian Greeks not to overlook what was being done by the Athenians, as it was being plotted against them in like manner, and when they arrived at Corinth, they made speeches, claiming that they should aid them according to their kinship.
§6.88.8καὶ οἱ Κορίνθιοι εὐθὺς ψηφισάμενοι αὐτοὶ πρῶτοι ὥστε πάσῃ προθυμίᾳ ἀμύνειν, καὶ ἐς τὴν Λακεδαίμονα ξυναπέστελλον αὐτοῖς πρέσβεις, ὅπως καὶ ἐκείνους ξυναναπείθοιεν τόν τε αὐτοῦ πόλεμον σαφέστερον ποιεῖσθαι πρὸς τοὺς Ἀθηναίους καὶ ἐς τὴν Σικελίαν ὠφελίαν τινὰ πέμπειν.
And the Corinthians immediately voted first themselves to assist them with all zeal, and they jointly dispatched ambassadors with them to Lacedaemon, so that they might also help to persuade them to make the war there more manifest against the Athenians and to send some aid to Sicily.
§6.88.9καὶ οἵ τε ἐκ τῆς Κορίνθου πρέσβεις παρῆσαν ἐς τὴν Λακεδαίμονα καὶ Ἀλκιβιάδης μετὰ τῶν ξυμφυγάδων περαιωθεὶς τότ’ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ πλοίου φορτηγικοῦ ἐκ τῆς Θουρίας ἐς Κυλλήνην τῆς Ἠλείας πρῶτον, ἔπειτα ὕστερον ἐς τὴν Λακεδαίμονα αὐτῶν τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων μεταπεμψάντων ὑπόσπονδος ἐλθών· ἐφοβεῖτο γὰρ αὐτοὺς διὰ τὴν περὶ τῶν Μαντινικῶν πρᾶξιν.
And the ambassadors from Corinth were present in Lacedaemon, and Alcibiades with his fellow-exiles, having crossed over then immediately on a merchant vessel from Thuria first to Cyllene of Elis, and afterwards later to Lacedaemon, came under safe-conduct, the Lacedaemonians themselves having sent for him; for he feared them on account of his action concerning the Mantineans.
§6.88.10καὶ ξυνέβη ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων τούς τε Κορινθίους καὶ τοὺς Συρακοσίους τὰ αὐτὰ καὶ τὸν Ἀλκιβιάδην δεομένους πείθειν τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους.
And it happened in the assembly of the Lacedaemonians that both the Corinthians and the Syracusans, and Alcibiades, made the same requests, trying to persuade the Lacedaemonians.
καὶ διανοουμένων τῶν τε ἐφόρων καὶ τῶν ἐν τέλει ὄντων πρέσβεις πέμπειν ἐς Συρακούσας κωλύοντας μὴ ξυμβαίνειν Ἀθηναίοις, βοηθεῖν δὲ οὐ προθύμων ὄντων, παρελθὼν ὁ Ἀλκιβιάδης παρώξυνέ τε τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους καὶ ἐξώρμησε λέγων τοιάδε.
And while the ephors and those in authority were intending to send ambassadors to Syracuse to prevent them from making terms with the Athenians, but were not zealous to send help, Alcibiades, coming forward, stimulated the Lacedaemonians and urged them on, speaking as follows.

Notes

  1. 6.88.1δεδιότες δ’ οὐχ ἧσσον τοὺς Συρακοσίους ἐγγὺς ὄντας μὴ καὶ ἄνευ σφῶν περιγένωνται — Translated as "Fearing the Syracusans, who were close at hand, no less (or even more) lest..." The phrase `οὐχ ἧσσον` operates as a comparative of negation meaning "no less than" or "even more than." In this context, it emphasizes the psychological state of the Camarinaeans, who feared the hegemony of the neighboring Syracusans more than that of the distant Athenians. The `μὴ` clause expresses the object of fear following the verb of fearing `δεδιότες`.
  2. 6.88.1ἐδόκει αὐτοῖς ὑπουργεῖν μὲν ... λόγῳ ἀποκρίνασθαι — The impersonal construction `ἐδόκει αὐτοῖς` ("it seemed good to them" or "they decided") governs two infinitives: `ὑπουργεῖν μὲν` and `ἀποκρίνασθαι`. The former refers to "assisting the Syracusans in deed (`ἔργῳ`)," while the latter refers to "answering both equally in word (`λόγῳ`) for the present (`ἐν δὲ τῷ παρόντι`)." The contrast between their actual deeds and their public stance is marked by `μὲν` and `δέ` (here represented by `δὲ` in `ἐν δὲ`).
  3. 6.88.4τῶν δὲ τὴν μεσόγειαν ἐχόντων αὐτόνομοι οὖσαι καὶ πρότερον αἰεὶ 〈αἱ〉 οἰκήσεις — This is an anacoluthon (grammatical inconsistency) where the partitive genitive participle phrase `τῶν δὲ τὴν μεσόγειαν ἐχόντων` ("of those occupying the interior") is followed by the nominative subject `〈αἱ〉 οἰκήσεις` ("the settlements") and its modifier `αὐτόνομοι οὖσαι` ("being independent"). The genitive sets the general class, while the nominative specifies the subjects, meaning "as for those in the interior, their settlements, being independent..."
  4. 6.88.9ὑπόσπονδος ἐλθών — The adjective `ὑπόσπονδος` ("under a truce" or "with a safe-conduct") is in the nominative singular masculine, agreeing with the subject Alcibiades. Since he was a potential enemy as an Athenian exile, it indicates that he came to Lacedaemon only after obtaining a formal guarantee of personal safety.
  5. 6.88.10κωλύοντας μὴ ξυμβαίνειν Ἀθηναίοις — This is a standard Classical Greek idiom where verbs of hindering or preventing (here the participle `κωλύοντας`) take an infinitive with a redundant (or sympathetic) negative `μὴ`. The meaning is "preventing them from making terms with the Athenians."

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §6.88.1-6.88.10. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:6.88.1-6.88.10

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