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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §6.76.1-6.76.4

Hermocrates Exposes the Imperial Ambitions of Athens

Passage 692 of 917 · Greek

Summary

Hermocrates warns the Kamarinaean assembly that the true intention of the Athenians is not liberation but the subjugation of Sicily, pointing out that their historical conduct after the Persian Wars involved enslaving their own allies under various pretexts.

§6.76.1‘οὐ τὴν παροῦσαν δύναμιν τῶν Ἀθηναίων, ὦ Καμαριναῖοι, μὴ αὐτὴν καταπλαγῆτε δείσαντες ἐπρεσβευσάμεθα, ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον τοὺς μέλλοντας ἀπ’ αὐτῶν λόγους, πρίν τι καὶ ἡμῶν ἀκοῦσαι, μὴ ὑμᾶς πείσωσιν.
"O Kamarinaeans, we have sent this embassy not because we feared that you would be terrified by the present power of the Athenians, but rather lest their future words should persuade you before you have heard anything from us.
§6.76.2ἥκουσι γὰρ ἐς τὴν Σικελίαν προφάσει μὲν ᾗ πυνθάνεσθε, διανοίᾳ δὲ ἣν πάντες ὑπονοοῦμεν· καί μοι δοκοῦσιν οὐ Λεοντίνους βούλεσθαι κατοικίσαι, ἀλλ’ ἡμᾶς μᾶλλον ἐξοικίσαι.
For they have come to Sicily with the pretext which you hear of, but with the intention which we all suspect; and they seem to me to wish, not to resettle the Leontines, but rather to expel us.
οὐ γὰρ δὴ εὔλογον τὰς μὲν ἐκεῖ πόλεις ἀναστάτους ποιεῖν, τὰς δὲ ἐνθάδε κατοικίζειν, καὶ Λεοντίνων μὲν Χαλκιδέων ὄντων κατὰ τὸ ξυγγενὲς κήδεσθαι, Χαλκιδέας δὲ τοὺς ἐν Εὐβοίᾳ, ὧν οἵδε ἄποικοί εἰσι, δουλωσαμένους ἔχειν.
For indeed it is not reasonable to make the cities over there desolate, and to resettle those here, and to care for the Leontines because they are Chalcidians on the ground of kinship, while keeping the Chalcidians in Euboea, of whom these are colonists, in a state of slavery.
§6.76.3τῇ δὲ αὐτῇ ἰδέᾳ ἐκεῖνά τε ἔσχον καὶ τὰ ἐνθάδε νῦν πειρῶνται· ἡγεμόνες γὰρ γενόμενοι ἑκόντων τῶν τε Ἰώνων καὶ ὅσοι ἀπὸ σφῶν ἦσαν ξύμμαχοι ὡς ἐπὶ τοῦ Μήδου τιμωρίᾳ, τοὺς μὲν λιποστρατίαν, τοὺς δὲ ἐπ’ ἀλλήλους στρατεύειν, τοῖς δ’ ὡς ἑκάστοις τινὰ εἶχον αἰτίαν εὐπρεπῆ ἐπενεγκόντες κατεστρέψαντο.
With the very same policy they acquired those possessions and are now attempting those here; for having become leaders of the willing Ionians and of all who were their allies from them, ostensibly for vengeance on the Mede, they subdued them, accusing some of desertion, others of warring against one another, and bringing against others whatever plausible charge they had against each.
§6.76.4καὶ οὐ περὶ τῆς ἐλευθερίας ἄρα οὔτε οὗτοι τῶν Ἑλλήνων οὔθ’ οἱ Ἕλληνες τῆς ἑαυτῶν τῷ Μήδῳ ἀντέστησαν, περὶ δὲ οἱ μὲν σφίσιν ἀλλὰ μὴ ἐκείνῳ καταδουλώσεως, οἱ δ’ ἐπὶ δεσπότου μεταβολῇ οὐκ ἀξυνετωτέρου, κακοξυνετωτέρου δέ.
And so, after all, it was not for freedom that either these men resisted the Mede on behalf of the Greeks, nor the Greeks for their own freedom, but the former did so to enslave them to themselves instead of to him, and the latter for a change of master, one not less intelligent, but more maliciously clever."

Notes

  1. §6.76.1οὐ τὴν παροῦσαν δύναμιν τῶν Ἀθηναίων, ὦ Καμαριναῖοι, μὴ αὐτὴν καταπλαγῆτε δείσαντες ἐπρεσβευσάμεθα, ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον τοὺς μέλλοντας ἀπ’ αὐτῶν λόγους... μὴ ὑμᾶς πείσωσιν — The overall structure is a contrast: 'we sent this embassy not because we feared A (οὐ... δείσαντες... ἐπρεσβευσάμεθα), but rather because we feared B (ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον...)'. The initial οὐ does not negate the action of sending the embassy, but rather the object of fear (A). The clause μὴ αὐτὴν καταπλαγῆτε is a fear clause introduced by the participle δείσαντες ('fearing'). The subsequent μὴ ὑμᾶς πείσωσιν is also introduced by the same sense of fear ([δείσαντες]) carried over from the first part.
  2. §6.76.2ὧν οἵδε ἄποικοί εἰσι — The relative pronoun ὧν (genitive plural) refers back to the antecedent Χαλκιδέας τοὺς ἐν Εὐβοίᾳ (the Chalcidians in Euboea). The subject οἵδε ('these') refers to the Leontines (Λεοντίνους) mentioned earlier. Since ἄποικος means 'colonist' (or member of a colony) and takes the mother city (metropolis) in the genitive (ὧν), the phrase means 'of whom (the Chalcidians of Euboea) these (the Leontines) are colonists'.
  3. §6.76.3τοὺς μὲν λιποστρατίαν, τοὺς δὲ ἐπ’ ἀλλήλους στρατεύειν, τοῖς δ’ ὡς ἑκάστοις τινὰ εἶχον αἰτίαν εὐπρεπῆ ἐπενεγκόντες κατεστρέψαντο — The syntax is highly asymmetrical in listing the pretexts under which the Athenians subdued their allies. τοὺς μὲν and τοὺς δὲ are accusatives, which must be understood either with an omitted participle of accusing (such as αἰτιασάμενοι) or as loose direct objects associated with the action of the latter dative-ruling participle ἐπενεγκόντες ('bringing against'). Conversely, τοῖς δ’ is a dative governed directly by ἐπενεγκόντες. The charges themselves also vary: λιποστρατίαν (desertion) is an accusative, στρατεύειν (warring) is an infinitive, and τινὰ ... αἰτίαν (some charge) is an accusative, showing a compressed and varied construction.
  4. §6.76.4περὶ δὲ οἱ μὲν σφίσιν ἀλλὰ μὴ ἐκείνῳ καταδουλώσεως, οἱ δ’ ἐπὶ δεσπότου μεταβολῇ — This corresponds to the preceding clause οὐ περὶ τῆς ἐλευθερίας ... ἀντέστησαν ('they did not resist for freedom'). The preposition περὶ ('for') governs the genitive noun καταδουλώσεως ('enslavement'), but the contrastive subject οἱ μὲν ('the former') and the dative phrase σφίσιν ἀλλὰ μὴ ἐκείνῳ ('to themselves and not to him') are inserted in between (hyperbaton). Furthermore, for the contrasting party οἱ δ’ ('the latter'), the construction changes from the preposition περὶ with the genitive to the preposition ἐπὶ with the dative (ἐπὶ δεσπότου μεταβολῇ, 'for a change of master'), demonstrating a striking stylistic asymmetry.

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §6.76.1-6.76.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:6.76.1-6.76.4

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