Humanitext Reader

Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §6.11.1-6.11.7

Nicias on the Impracticability of Ruling Sicily

Passage 627 of 917 · Greek

Summary

Nicias argues that ruling distant and populous Sicily is impractical, and that a unified Sicily under Syracuse would actually pose less of a threat to Athens. He explains the psychology of awe toward distant powers and warns that Athens should focus on guarding against their true enemy, Sparta.

§6.11.1καίτοι τοὺς μὲν κατεργασάμενοι κἂν κατάσχοιμεν· τῶν δ’ εἰ καὶ κρατήσαιμεν, διὰ πολλοῦ γε καὶ πολλῶν ὄντων χαλεπῶς ἂν ἄρχειν δυναίμεθα.
And yet, while we might hold down the former if we conquered them, as for the latter, even if we should master them, we could only rule them with difficulty, as they are far away and numerous.
ἀνόητον δ’ ἐπὶ τοιούτους ἰέναι ὧν κρατήσας τε μὴ κατασχήσει τις καὶ μὴ κατορθώσας μὴ ἐν τῷ ὁμοίῳ καὶ πρὶν ἐπιχειρῆσαι ἔσται.
It is foolish to go against such people, whom if one conquers one will not hold down, and if one fails, one will not remain in the same position as before the attempt.
§6.11.2Σικελιῶται δ’ ἄν μοι δοκοῦσιν, ὥς γε νῦν ἔχουσι, καὶ ἔτι ἂν ἧσσον δεινοὶ ἡμῖν γενέσθαι, εἰ ἄρξειαν αὐτῶν Συρακόσιοι· ὅπερ οἱ Ἐγεσταῖοι μάλιστα ἡμᾶς ἐκφοβοῦσιν.
Indeed, the Siceliots, as they now are, seem to me likely to be even less formidable to us if the Syracusans should rule them—the very thing with which the Egestaeans are trying most to terrify us.
§6.11.3νῦν μὲν γὰρ κἂν ἔλθοιεν ἴσως Λακεδαιμονίων ἕκαστοι χάριτι, ἐκείνως δ’ οὐκ εἰκὸς ἀρχὴν ἐπὶ ἀρχὴν στρατεῦσαι·
For now indeed, they might perhaps come, each state out of favor to the Lacedaemonians; but in that case, it is not likely that one empire would campaign against another empire.
ᾧ γὰρ ἂν τρόπῳ τὴν ἡμετέραν μετὰ Πελοποννησίων ἀφέλωνται, εἰκὸς ὑπὸ τῶν αὐτῶν καὶ τὴν σφετέραν διὰ τοῦ αὐτοῦ καθαιρεθῆναι.
For in whatever way they, with the Peloponnesians, should destroy our empire, it is likely that their own would be destroyed by the same people and through the same means.
§6.11.4ἡμᾶς δ’ ἂν οἱ ἐκεῖ Ἕλληνες μάλιστα μὲν ἐκπεπληγμένοι εἶεν εἰ μὴ ἀφικοίμεθα, ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ εἰ δείξαντες τὴν δύναμιν δι’ ὀλίγου ἀπέλθοιμεν· τὰ γὰρ διὰ πλείστου πάντες ἴσμεν θαυμαζόμενα καὶ τὰ πεῖραν ἥκιστα τῆς δόξης δόντα.
As for the Greeks there, they would be most in awe of us, first, if we did not go at all, and secondly, if we, after displaying our power, should depart after a short interval; for we all know that things at the greatest distance and those which have least given proof of their reputation are most admired.
εἰ δὲ σφαλείημέν τι, τάχιστ’ ἂν ὑπεριδόντες μετὰ τῶν ἐνθάδε ἐπιθοῖντο.
But if we should suffer any failure, they would very quickly look down on us and join the enemies here in attacking us.
§6.11.5ὅπερ νῦν ὑμεῖς ὦ Ἀθηναῖοι ἐς Λακεδαιμονίους καὶ τοὺς ξυμμάχους πεπόνθατε· διὰ τὸ παρὰ γνώμην αὐτῶν πρὸς ἃ ἐφοβεῖσθε τὸ πρῶτον περιγεγενῆσθαι, καταφρονήσαντες ἤδη καὶ Σικελίας ἐφίεσθε.
And this, O Athenians, is just what you have now experienced with regard to the Lacedaemonians and their allies; because you have, contrary to expectation, prevailed over them in comparison with what you feared at first, you have now come to despise them and are aiming also at Sicily.
§6.11.6χρὴ δὲ μὴ πρὸς τὰς τύχας τῶν ἐναντίων ἐπαίρεσθαι, ἀλλὰ τὰς διανοίας κρατήσαντας θαρσεῖν, μηδὲ Λακεδαιμονίους ἄλλο τι ἡγήσασθαι ἢ διὰ τὸ αἰσχρὸν σκοπεῖν ὅτῳ τρόπῳ ἔτι καὶ νῦν, ἢν δύνωνται, σφήλαντες ἡμᾶς τὸ σφέτερον ἀπρεπὲς εὖ θήσονται, ὅσῳ καὶ περὶ πλείστου καὶ διὰ πλείστου δόξαν ἀρετῆς μελετῶσιν.
But one ought not to be elated at the fortunes of opponents, but to have confidence only when we have mastered their minds; nor should you think that the Lacedaemonians are doing anything else than considering how, even now, because of their disgrace, they may, if they can, overthrow us and retrieve their own dishonor, all the more as they have practiced the reputation for virtue with the greatest care and for the longest time.
§6.11.7ὥστε οὐ περὶ τῶν ἐν Σικελίᾳ Ἐγεσταίων ἡμῖν, ἀνδρῶν βαρβάρων, ὁ ἀγών, εἰ σωφρονοῦμεν, ἀλλ’ ὅπως πόλιν δι’ ὀλιγαρχίας ἐπιβουλεύουσαν ὀξέως φυλαξόμεθα.
Therefore, if we are wise, our struggle is not about the Egestaeans in Sicily, who are barbarians, but how we shall vigilantly guard against a city that is plotting against us by means of oligarchy.

Notes

  1. 6.11.1τῶν δ’ εἰ καὶ κρατήσαιμεν, διὰ πολλοῦ γε καὶ πολλῶν ὄντων χαλεπῶς ἂν ἄρχειν δυναίμεθα — The pronoun τῶν δ’ refers to the Siceliots, contrasted with τοὺς μὲν (the neighboring rebels) in the preceding clause. The prepositional phrase διὰ πολλοῦ (being far away) and the genitive absolute πολλῶν ὄντων (being numerous) are coordinated to explain the reason for the difficulty of ruling (χαλεπῶς ἂν ἄρχειν).
  2. 6.11.2Σικελιῶται δ’ ἄν μοι δοκοῦσιν... καὶ ἔτι ἂν ἧσσον δεινοὶ ἡμῖν γενέσθαι — The verb δοκοῦσιν is constructed personally with the subject Σικελιῶται, rather than impersonally. The initial particle ἄν is a proleptic use, anticipating the second ἄν with the infinitive ἂν ἧσσον ... γενέσθαι which functions as the apodosis of a conditional sentence.
  3. 6.11.3ὑπὸ τῶν αὐτῶν καὶ τὴν σφετέραν διὰ τοῦ αὐτοῦ καθαιρεθῆναι — The phrase ὑπὸ τῶν αὐτῶν refers back to μετὰ Πελοποννησίων (with the Peloponnesians) in the relative clause, meaning 'by the very same Peloponnesians'. The phrase διὰ τοῦ αὐτοῦ means 'by the same means' or 'by the same logic' (of destroying an empire).
  4. 6.11.7ὅπως πόλιν δι’ ὀλιγαρχίας ἐπιβουλεύουσαν ὀξέως φυλαξόμεθα — This is a construction of caution or effort with ὅπως followed by the future indicative (φυλαξόμεθα), meaning 'how we shall guard against...'. The noun πόλιν, though structurally indefinite, contextually refers to Sparta (Lacedaemon), the champion of oligarchy.

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §6.11.1-6.11.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:6.11.1-6.11.7

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