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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §6.101.1-6.101.6

Battle in the Marsh and Death of Lamachus

Passage 717 of 917 · Greek

Summary

The Athenians continue their circumvallation across the marsh and defeat the Syracusans by capturing their palisade, but the Athenian general Lamachus is killed during the encounter.

§6.101.1τῇ δ’ ὑστεραίᾳ ἀπὸ τοῦ κύκλου ἐτείχιζον οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι τὸν κρημνὸν τὸν ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἕλους, ὃς τῶν Ἐπιπολῶν ταύτῃ πρὸς τὸν μέγαν λιμένα ὁρᾷ, καὶ ᾗπερ αὐτοῖς βραχύτατον ἐγίγνετο καταβᾶσι διὰ τοῦ ὁμαλοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἕλους ἐς τὸν λιμένα τὸ περιτείχισμα.
On the following day, the Athenians began to build from the circle wall down to the cliff above the marsh, which on this side of Epipolae looks towards the Great Harbor, and where the circumvallation would be shortest for them if they went down through the plain and the marsh to the harbor.
§6.101.2καὶ οἱ Συρακόσιοι ἐν τούτῳ ἐξελθόντες καὶ αὐτοὶ ἀπεσταύρουν αὖθις ἀρξάμενοι ἀπὸ τῆς πόλεως διὰ μέσου τοῦ ἕλους, καὶ τάφρον ἅμα παρώρυσσον, ὅπως μὴ οἷόν τε ᾖ τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις μέχρι τῆς θαλάσσης ἀποτειχίσαι.
In the meantime, the Syracusans also came out and began again to construct a palisade, starting from the city and running through the middle of the marsh, and at the same time they dug a trench alongside it, so that it might not be possible for the Athenians to carry their wall of circumvallation to the sea.
§6.101.3οἱ δ᾽, ἐπειδὴ τὸ πρὸς τὸν κρημνὸν αὐτοῖς ἐξείργαστο, ἐπιχειροῦσιν αὖθις τῷ τῶν Συρακοσίων σταυρώματι καὶ τάφρῳ, τὰς μὲν ναῦς κελεύσαντες περιπλεῦσαι ἐκ τῆς Θάψου ἐς τὸν μέγαν λιμένα τὸν τῶν Συρακοσίων, αὐτοὶ δὲ περὶ ὄρθρον καταβάντες ἀπὸ τῶν Ἐπιπολῶν ἐς τὸ ὁμαλὸν καὶ διὰ τοῦ ἕλους, ᾗ πηλῶδες ἦν καὶ στεριφώτατον, θύρας καὶ ξύλα πλατέα ἐπιθέντες καὶ ἐπ’ αὐτῶν διαβαδίσαντες, αἱροῦσιν ἅμα ἕῳ τό τε σταύρωμα πλὴν ὀλίγου καὶ τὴν τάφρον, καὶ ὕστερον καὶ τὸ ὑπολειφθὲν εἷλον.
But the Athenians, when the part of their wall towards the cliff was finished, attacked the Syracusans' palisade and trench once more. They ordered their fleet to sail round from Thapsus into the Great Harbor of the Syracusans, while they themselves, descending about dawn from Epipolae into the plain and through the marsh, where the ground was muddy but at its firmest, laid down doors and broad planks and, crossing over on them, captured at daybreak the trench and almost the whole of the palisade, and later they also took the part that had been left.
§6.101.4καὶ μάχη ἐγένετο, καὶ ἐν αὐτῇ ἐνίκων οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι.
A battle ensued, and in it the Athenians were victorious.
καὶ τῶν Συρακοσίων οἱ μὲν τὸ δεξιὸν κέρας ἔχοντες πρὸς τὴν πόλιν ἔφευγον, οἱ δ’ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ παρὰ τὸν ποταμόν.
Of the Syracusans, those who held the right wing fled towards the city, and those on the left along the river.
καὶ αὐτοὺς βουλόμενοι ἀποκλῄσασθαι τῆς διαβάσεως οἱ τῶν Ἀθηναίων τριακόσιοι λογάδες δρόμῳ ἠπείγοντο πρὸς τὴν γέφυραν.
The three hundred picked Athenian troops, wishing to cut off their passage, hurried at the double towards the bridge.
§6.101.5δείσαντες δὲ οἱ Συρακόσιοι (ἦσαν γὰρ καὶ τῶν ἱππέων αὐτοῖς οἱ πολλοὶ ἐνταῦθα) ὁμόσε χωροῦσι τοῖς τριακοσίοις τούτοις, καὶ τρέπουσί τε αὐτοὺς καὶ ἐσβάλλουσιν ἐς τὸ δεξιὸν κέρας τῶν Ἀθηναίων· καὶ προσπεσόντων αὐτῶν ξυνεφοβήθη καὶ ἡ πρώτη φυλὴ τοῦ κέρως.
But the Syracusans (for most of their cavalry was also there), fearing this, advanced against these three hundred, put them to flight, and charged into the right wing of the Athenians; and at their onset, the first tribe of the wing was also thrown into a panic.
§6.101.6ἰδὼν δὲ ὁ Λάμαχος παρεβοήθει ἀπὸ τοῦ εὐωνύμου τοῦ ἑαυτῶν μετὰ τοξοτῶν τε οὐ πολλῶν καὶ τοὺς Ἀργείους παραλαβών, καὶ ἐπιδιαβὰς τάφρον τινὰ καὶ μονωθεὶς μετ’ ὀλίγων τῶν ξυνδιαβάντων ἀποθνῄσκει αὐτός τε καὶ πέντε ἢ ἓξ τῶν μετ’ αὐτοῦ.
Seeing this, Lamachus went to their aid from their own left wing with a few archers and taking the Argives with him; and having crossed a certain trench, he was isolated with a few of those who had crossed with him, and was killed himself along with five or six of his men.
καὶ τούτους μὲν οἱ Συρακόσιοι εὐθὺς κατὰ τάχος φθάνουσιν ἁρπάσαντες πέραν τοῦ ποταμοῦ ἐς τὸ ἀσφαλές, αὐτοὶ δὲ ἐπιόντος ἤδη καὶ τοῦ ἄλλου στρατεύματος τῶν Ἀθηναίων ἀπεχώρουν.
The Syracusans immediately forestalled the enemy by snatching up these bodies and carrying them across the river to safety, while they themselves, as the rest of the Athenian army was already advancing, withdrew.

Notes

  1. §6.101.1ᾗπερ αὐτοῖς βραχύτατον ἐγίγνετο καταβᾶσι ... τὸ περιτείχισμα — The relative pronoun (adverbial) ᾗπερ means 'where' or 'by which way,' referring to the route where the circumvallation (τὸ περιτείχισμα) would be shortest (βραχύτατον). The dative αὐτοῖς with the agreeing participle καταβᾶσι expresses reference or condition: 'for them, if they went down [through the plain and the marsh to the harbor].'
  2. §6.101.3ᾗ πηλῶδες ἦν καὶ στεριφώτατον — A clause introduced by the relative adverb ᾗ ('where'). Although πηλῶδες ('muddy, clayey') and στεριφώτατον ('firmest, most compact') might seem contradictory, they refer to the part of the marsh where the ground was relatively firm enough to support weight, i.e., 'where it was muddy but at its firmest.'
  3. §6.101.6φθάνουσιν ἁρπάσαντες — The verb φθάνω ('anticipate, forestall') with a supplementary participle expresses doing something before someone else. Here, it denotes that the Syracusans succeeded in snatching away the bodies 'before [the Athenians could recover them].'

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §6.101.1-6.101.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:6.101.1-6.101.6

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