Humanitext Reader

Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §5.9.1-5.9.10

Brasidas's Pre-Battle Speech to His Troops

Passage 509 of 917 · Greek

Summary

Brasidas delivers a speech to the Peloponnesians and allies, explaining his plan for a sudden attack based on quality rather than numbers, assigning Clearidas the role of follow-up attack, and urging them to fight with courage.

§5.9.1‘ἄνδρες Πελοποννήσιοι, ἀπὸ μὲν οἵας χώρας ἥκομεν, ὅτι αἰεὶ διὰ τὸ εὔψυχον ἐλευθέρας, καὶ ὅτι Δωριῆς μέλλετε Ἴωσι μάχεσθαι, ὧν εἰώθατε κρείσσους εἶναι, ἀρκείτω βραχέως δεδηλωμένον·
'Men of the Peloponnese, let it suffice to have been briefly shown from what kind of country we come, namely, one that is always free because of its courage, and that you, being Dorians, are about to fight with Ionians, whom you are accustomed to defeat.
§5.9.2τὴν δὲ ἐπιχείρησιν ᾧ τρόπῳ διανοοῦμαι ποιεῖσθαι, διδάξω, ἵνα μή τῳ τὸ κατ’ ὀλίγον καὶ μὴ ἅπαντας κινδυνεύειν ἐνδεὲς φαινόμενον ἀτολμίαν παράσχῃ.
But as to the way in which I intend to make the attack, I will explain it, so that the fact of risking the danger in small numbers and not all together may not, by appearing inadequate to anyone, cause faint-heartedness.
§5.9.3τοὺς γὰρ ἐναντίους εἰκάζω καταφρονήσει τε ἡμῶν καὶ οὐκ ἂν ἐλπίσαντας ὡς ἂν ἐπεξέλθοι τις αὐτοῖς ἐς μάχην ἀναβῆναί τε πρὸς τὸ χωρίον καὶ νῦν ἀτάκτως κατὰ θέαν τετραμμένους ὀλιγωρεῖν.
For I estimate that the enemy, out of contempt for us and not expecting that anyone would march out against them to battle, have gone up to the high ground and are now neglecting their safety, dispersed in disorder for the sake of sightseeing.
§5.9.4ὅστις δὲ τὰς τοιαύτας ἁμαρτίας τῶν ἐναντίων κάλλιστα ἰδὼν καὶ ἅμα πρὸς τὴν ἑαυτοῦ δύναμιν τὴν ἐπιχείρησιν ποιεῖται μὴ ἀπὸ τοῦ προφανοῦς μᾶλλον καὶ ἀντιπαραταχθέντος ἢ ἐκ τοῦ πρὸς τὸ παρὸν ξυμφέροντος, πλεῖστ’ ἂν ὀρθοῖτο·
And he who, having most clearly perceived such errors of the enemy, and at the same time adjusting his attack to his own strength, makes it not so much from an open and drawn-up position as from what is advantageous at the moment, would be most successful.
§5.9.5καὶ τὰ κλέμματα ταῦτα καλλίστην δόξαν ἔχει ἃ τὸν πολέμιον μάλιστ’ ἄν τις ἀπατήσας τοὺς φίλους μέγιστ’ ἂν ὠφελήσειεν.
And those stratagems have the fairest reputation which, by most completely deceiving the enemy, would most highly benefit one's friends.
§5.9.6ἕως οὖν ἔτι ἀπαράσκευοι θαρσοῦσι καὶ τοῦ ὑπαπιέναι πλέον ἢ τοῦ μένοντος, ἐξ ὧν ἐμοὶ φαίνονται, τὴν διάνοιαν ἔχουσιν, ἐν τῷ ἀνειμένῳ αὐτῶν τῆς γνώμης καὶ πρὶν ξυνταθῆναι μᾶλλον τὴν δόξαν, ἐγὼ μὲν ἔχων τοὺς μετ’ ἐμαυτοῦ καὶ φθάσας, ἢν δύνωμαι, προσπεσοῦμαι δρόμῳ κατὰ μέσον τὸ στράτευμα·
Therefore, while they are still unprepared and confident, and, as far as I can see, have their minds set more on withdrawing than on remaining, while their resolution is relaxed and before their purpose becomes more tense, I, having those with me and forestalling them if I can, will fall at a run upon the center of their army.
§5.9.7σὺ δέ, Κλεαρίδα, ὕστερον, ὅταν ἐμὲ ὁρᾷς ἤδη προσκείμενον καὶ κατὰ τὸ εἰκὸς φοβοῦντα αὐτούς, τοὺς μετὰ σεαυτοῦ τούς τ’ Ἀμφιπολίτας καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους ξυμμάχους ἄγων αἰφνιδίως τὰς πύλας ἀνοίξας ἐπεκθεῖν καὶ ἐπείγεσθαι ὡς τάχιστα ξυμμεῖξαι.
And you, Clearidas, later, when you see me already pressing upon them and, as is likely, striking them with fear, take those with you, both the Amphipolitans and the other allies, open the gates suddenly, rush out and hasten as quickly as possible to join battle.
§5.9.8ἐλπὶς γὰρ μάλιστα αὐτοὺς οὕτω φοβηθῆναι· τὸ γὰρ ἐπιὸν ὕστερον δεινότερον τοῖς πολεμίοις τοῦ παρόντος καὶ μαχομένου.
For there is the greatest hope of terrifying them in this way; since that which attacks afterwards is more terrible to the enemy than that which is present and fighting.
§5.9.9καὶ αὐτός τε ἀνὴρ ἀγαθὸς γίγνου, ὥσπερ σε εἰκὸς ὄντα Σπαρτιάτην, καὶ ὑμεῖς, ὦ ἄνδρες ξύμμαχοι, ἀκολουθήσατε ἀνδρείως, καὶ νομίσατε 〈τρία〉 εἶναι τοῦ καλῶς πολεμεῖν τὸ ἐθέλειν καὶ τὸ αἰσχύνεσθαι καὶ 〈τὸ〉 τοῖς ἄρχουσι πείθεσθαι, καὶ τῇδε ὑμῖν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἢ ἀγαθοῖς γενομένοις ἐλευθερίαν τε ὑπάρχειν καὶ Λακεδαιμονίων ξυμμάχοις κεκλῆσθαι, ἢ Ἀθηναίων τε δούλοις, ἢν τὰ ἄριστα ἄνευ ἀνδραποδισμοῦ ἢ θανατώσεως πράξητε, καὶ δουλείαν χαλεπωτέραν ἢ πρὶν εἴχετε, τοῖς δὲ λοιποῖς Ἕλλησι κωλυταῖς γενέσθαι ἐλευθερώσεως.
And both show yourself a brave man, as is fitting for a Spartan, and you, men of the allies, follow courageously, and consider that the three essentials of good soldiering are willingness, a sense of shame, and obedience to commanders, and that on this day you will either, by proving yourselves brave, have freedom and be called allies of the Lacedaemonians, or else become slaves of the Athenians—even if you fare best without being enslaved or put to death—and experience a harsher slavery than you had before, while becoming to the rest of the Greeks an obstacle to their liberation.
§5.9.10ἀλλὰ μήτε ὑμεῖς μαλακισθῆτε, ὁρῶντες περὶ ὅσων ὁ ἀγών ἐστιν, ἐγώ τε δείξω οὐ παραινέσαι οἷός τε ὢν μᾶλλον τοῖς πέλας ἢ καὶ αὐτὸς ἔργῳ ἐπεξελθεῖν. ’
Do not you then turn faint-hearted, seeing how great a prize the struggle is for, and I will show that I am not only able to advise others, but can myself go out into action.'

Notes

  1. 5.9.1ἀπὸ μὲν οἵας χώρας ἥκομεν, ὅτι αἰεὶ διὰ τὸ εὔψυχον ἐλευθέρας, καὶ ὅτι Δωριῆς μέλλετε Ἴωσι μάχεσθαι — Immediately after the indirect question clause 'ἀπὸ οἵας χώρας ἥκομεν' (from what kind of country we come), an explanatory 'ὅτι' clause is inserted in apposition ('namely, that it is always free because of its courage'). Along with the second 'ὅτι' clause ('ὅτι Δωριῆς μέλλετε...'), it functions as part of the subject or complement of 'ἀρκείτω'.
  2. 5.9.3οὐκ ἂν ἐλπίσαντας ὡς ἂν ἐπεξέλθοι τις αὐτοῖς ἐς μάχην — The potential optative with 'ἄν' in the subordinate clause 'ὡς ἂν ἐπεξέλθοι τις' (that anyone would march out against them) expresses a low degree of expectation. The negative particle 'οὐκ' modifies the participle 'ἐλπίσαντας', which is the complement of the main verb 'εἰκάζω', indicating their total lack of anticipation.
  3. 5.9.6τοῦ ὑπαπιέναι πλέον ἢ τοῦ μένοντος — In the comparative construction 'πλέον... ἤ', the substantivized infinitive 'τοῦ ὑπαπιέναι' (withdrawing) and the present participle used substantively in the neuter genitive 'τοῦ μένοντος' (remaining) are placed in coordination. Both depend as genitive objects on the phrase 'τὴν διάνοιαν ἔχουσιν' (have the intention).
  4. 5.9.9καὶ νομίσατε 〈τρία〉 εἶναι τοῦ καλῶς πολεμεῖν τὸ ἐθέλειν καὶ τὸ αἰσχύνεσθαι καὶ 〈τὸ〉 τοῖς ἄρχουσι πείθεσθαι — The genitive infinitive 'τοῦ καλῶς πολεμεῖν' expresses quality or possession ('belonging to fighting well'). The three substantivized infinitives, 'τὸ ἐθέλειν' (willingness), 'τὸ αἰσχύνεσθαι' (sense of shame/honor), and '〈τὸ〉 τοῖς ἄρχουσι πείθεσθαι' (obedience to commanders) function as coordinate subjects of the infinitive 'εἶναι'.
  5. 5.9.9ἢ Ἀθηναίων τε δούλοις ... καὶ δουλείαν χαλεπωτέραν ἢ πρὶν εἴχετε, τοῖς δὲ λοιποῖς Ἕλλησι κωλυταῖς γενέσθαι ἐλευθερώσεως — The structure contrasts the first option 'ἢ ... ἐλευθερίαν τε ὑπάρχειν ...' (either freedom will be yours...) with the second 'ἢ ... Ἀθηναίων τε δούλοις [εἶναι] ... καὶ ... γενέσθαι ...' (or to be slaves of the Athenians... and to become obstacles to the liberation of the rest of the Greeks...). The conditional clause 'ἢν τὰ ἄριστα ... πράξητε' implies a concessive sense: 'even if you fare best (i.e., avoiding being put to death or sold into slavery).'

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §5.9.1-5.9.10. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:5.9.1-5.9.10

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