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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §5.71.1-5.71.3

Rightward Drift of Hoplite Lines and Agis's Tactics

Passage 571 of 917 · Greek

Summary

Just before the clash, the author explains the general tendency of hoplite armies to drift to their right, and describes King Agis of Sparta's tactical order to extend his left wing and fill the resulting gap with two divisions from his right.

§5.71.1ξυνιόντων δ’ ἔτι Ἆγις ὁ βασιλεὺς τοιόνδε ἐβουλεύσατο δρᾶσαι.
While they were still coming together, King Agis resolved on the following plan.
τὰ στρατόπεδα ποιεῖ μὲν καὶ ἅπαντα τοῦτο· ἐπὶ τὰ δεξιὰ κέρατα αὐτῶν ἐν ταῖς ξυνόδοις μᾶλλον ἐξωθεῖται, καὶ περιίσχουσι κατὰ τὸ τῶν ἐναντίων εὐώνυμον ἀμφότεροι τῷ δεξιῷ, διὰ τὸ φοβουμένους προσστέλλειν τὰ γυμνὰ ἕκαστον ὡς μάλιστα τῇ τοῦ ἐν δεξιᾷ παρατεταγμένου ἀσπίδι καὶ νομίζειν τὴν πυκνότητα τῆς ξυγκλῄσεως εὐσκεπαστότατον εἶναι·
All armies, indeed, do this in their onset: they tend to drift more to their right wings during the onset, and both sides overlap the enemy's left with their own right, because each man, out of fear, seeks to bring his own unprotected side as close as possible to the shield of the man stationed on his right, believing that the closest possible locking of shields provides the best protection.
καὶ ἡγεῖται μὲν τῆς αἰτίας ταύτης ὁ πρωτοστάτης τοῦ δεξιοῦ κέρως, προθυμούμενος ἐξαλλάσσειν αἰεὶ τῶν ἐναντίων τὴν ἑαυτοῦ γύμνωσιν, ἕπονται δὲ διὰ τὸν αὐτὸν φόβον καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι.
The man who takes the lead in this is the front-rank soldier of the right wing, who is always eager to keep his own unprotected side clear of the enemy; and the others follow him owing to the same fear.
§5.71.2καὶ τότε περιέσχον μὲν οἱ Μαντινῆς πολὺ τῷ κέρᾳ τῶν Σκιριτῶν, ἔτι δὲ πλέον οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι καὶ Τεγεᾶται τῶν Ἀθηναίων, ὅσῳ μεῖζον τὸ στράτευμα εἶχον.
And on this occasion, the Mantineans with their wing far overlapped the Sciritae, while the Lacedaemonians and Tegeans overlapped the Athenians even more, in proportion as their army was larger.
§5.71.3δείσας δὲ Ἆγις μὴ σφῶν κυκλωθῇ τὸ εὐώνυμον, καὶ νομίσας ἄγαν περιέχειν τοὺς Μαντινέας, τοῖς μὲν Σκιρίταις καὶ Βρασιδείοις ἐσήμηνεν ἐπεξαγαγόντας ἀπὸ σφῶν ἐξισῶσαι τοῖς Μαντινεῦσιν, ἐς δὲ τὸ διάκενον τοῦτο παρήγγελλεν ἀπὸ τοῦ δεξιοῦ κέρως δύο λόχους τῶν πολεμάρχων Ἱππονοΐδᾳ καὶ Ἀριστοκλεῖ ἔχουσι παρελθεῖν καὶ ἐσβαλόντας πληρῶσαι, νομίζων τῷ θ’ ἑαυτῶν δεξιῷ ἔτι περιουσίαν ἔσεσθαι καὶ τὸ κατὰ τοὺς Μαντινέας βεβαιότερον τετάξεσθαι.
Agis, fearing that their own left wing might be surrounded, and thinking that the Mantineans overlapped them too much, signaled to the Sciritae and Brasideans to extend their line from their position and make it equal to the Mantineans, and ordered Hipponoidas and Aristocles, two of the polemarchs, to take two companies from the right wing and, marching across, to enter this gap and fill it, thinking that their own right would still have a surplus and that the line opposed to the Mantineans would be more securely posted.

Notes

  1. §5.71.1τὰ στρατόπεδα ποιεῖ — The neuter plural subject τὰ στρατόπεδα governs the singular verb ποιεῖ (as well as the subsequent ἐξωθεῖται), which is a standard rule in Classical Greek.
  2. §5.71.1τῆς αἰτίας ταύτης — Genitive case governed by the verb ἡγεῖται ('leads' or 'takes the lead in'). Here, αἰτία refers not simply to a 'cause,' but to the 'phenomenon' or 'drift' just described.
  3. §5.71.3ἐπεξαγαγόντας — Aorist active participle, masculine accusative plural. Although it refers back to the dative indirect objects (τοῖς ... Σκιρίταις καὶ Βρασιδείοις), it is put in the accusative because it functions as the subject of the infinitive ἐξισῶσαι.

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §5.71.1-5.71.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:5.71.1-5.71.3

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