Humanitext Reader

Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §5.47.1-5.47.12

Terms of the Hundred-Year Alliance Among Four States

Passage 547 of 917 · Greek

Summary

The specific terms of the hundred-year treaty of peace and alliance among Athens, Argos, Mantinea, and Elis are laid out. It details mutual assistance obligations, maintenance costs for troops, command allocation, oath-taking procedures, and the installation of treaty stelae.

§5.47.1‘σπονδὰς ἐποιήσαντο ἑκατὸν Ἀθηναῖοι ἔτη καὶ Ἀργεῖοι καὶ Μαντινῆς καὶ Ἠλεῖοι 〈πρὸς ἀλλήλους 〉, ὑπὲρ σφῶν αὐτῶν καὶ τῶν ξυμμάχων ὧν ἄρχουσιν ἑκάτεροι, ἀδόλους καὶ ἀβλαβεῖς καὶ κατὰ γῆν καὶ κατὰ θάλασσαν.
'The Athenians, Argives, Mantineans, and Eleans made a treaty for one hundred years, on behalf of themselves and the allies over whom each rules, without fraud or hurt, both by land and by sea.
§5.47.2ὅπλα δὲ μὴ ἐξέστω ἐπιφέρειν ἐπὶ πημονῇ μήτε Ἀργείους καὶ Ἠλείους καὶ Μαντινέας καὶ τοὺς ξυμμάχους ἐπὶ Ἀθηναίους καὶ τοὺς ξυμμάχους ὧν ἄρχουσιν Ἀθηναῖοι μήτε Ἀθηναίους καὶ τοὺς ξυμμάχους 〈ὧν ἄρχουσιν Ἀθηναῖοι〉 ἐπὶ Ἀργείους καὶ Ἠλείους καὶ Μαντινέας καὶ τοὺς ξυμμάχους, τέχνῃ μηδὲ μηχανῇ μηδεμιᾷ.
It shall not be lawful to carry arms for injury, either for the Argives, Eleans, Mantineans, and their allies against the Athenians and the allies over whom the Athenians rule, or for the Athenians and the allies over whom the Athenians rule against the Argives, Eleans, Mantineans, and their allies, by any art or device whatsoever.
§5.47.3κατὰ τάδε ξυμμάχους εἶναι Ἀθηναίους καὶ Ἀργείους καὶ Μαντινέας καὶ Ἠλείους ἑκατὸν ἔτη.
The Athenians, Argives, Mantineans, and Eleans shall be allies for one hundred years upon the following terms.
ἢν πολέμιοι ἴωσιν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν τὴν Ἀθηναίων, βοηθεῖν Ἀργείους καὶ Μαντινέας καὶ Ἠλείους Ἀθήναζε, καθ’ ὅτι ἂν ἐπαγγέλλωσιν Ἀθηναῖοι, τρόπῳ ὁποίῳ ἂν δύνωνται ἰσχυροτάτῳ κατὰ τὸ δυνατόν·
If enemies invade the territory of the Athenians, the Argives, Mantineans, and Eleans shall bring aid to Athens, in such manner as the Athenians may request, with all the strength in their power to the utmost of their ability.
ἢν δὲ δῃώσαντες οἴχωνται, πολεμίαν εἶναι ταύτην τὴν πόλιν Ἀργείοις καὶ Μαντινεῦσι καὶ Ἠλείοις καὶ Ἀθηναίοις καὶ κακῶς πάσχειν ὑπὸ ἁπασῶν τῶν πόλεων τούτων· καταλύειν δὲ μὴ ἐξεῖναι τὸν πόλεμον πρὸς ταύτην τὴν πόλιν μηδεμιᾷ τῶν πόλεων, ἢν μὴ ἁπάσαις δοκῇ.
If the invaders depart after having ravaged the land, that city shall be deemed an enemy to the Argives, Mantineans, Eleans, and Athenians, and shall suffer harm from all these cities; and it shall not be lawful for any of these cities to end the war against that city unless it seems good to all of them.
§5.47.4βοηθεῖν δὲ καὶ Ἀθηναίους ἐς Ἄργος καὶ Μαντίνειαν καὶ Ἦλιν, ἢν πολέμιοι ἴωσιν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν τὴν Ἀργείων ἢ τὴν Μαντινέων ἢ τὴν Ἠλείων, καθ’ ὅτι ἂν ἐπαγγέλλωσιν αἱ πόλεις αὗται, τρόπῳ ὁποίῳ ἂν δύνωνται ἰσχυροτάτῳ κατὰ τὸ δυνατόν·
The Athenians also shall bring aid to Argos, Mantinea, and Elis, if enemies invade the territory of the Argives, or of the Mantineans, or of the Eleans, in such manner as these cities may request, with all the strength in their power to the utmost of their ability.
ἢν δὲ δῃώσαντες οἴχωνται, πολεμίαν εἶναι ταύτην τὴν πόλιν Ἀθηναίοις καὶ Ἀργείοις καὶ Μαντινεῦσι καὶ Ἠλείοις καὶ κακῶς πάσχειν ὑπὸ ἁπασῶν τούτων τῶν πόλεων· καταλύειν δὲ μὴ ἐξεῖναι τὸν πόλεμον πρὸς ταύτην τὴν πόλιν 〈μηδεμιᾷ τῶν πόλεων〉, ἢν μὴ ἁπάσαις δοκῇ [ταῖς πόλεσιν].
If the invaders depart after having ravaged the land, that city shall be deemed an enemy to the Athenians, Argives, Mantineans, and Eleans, and shall suffer harm from all these cities; and it shall not be lawful for any of these cities to end the war against that city unless it seems good to all of them.
§5.47.5ὅπλα δὲ μὴ ἐᾶν ἔχοντας διιέναι ἐπὶ πολέμῳ διὰ τῆς γῆς τῆς σφετέρας αὐτῶν καὶ τῶν ξυμμάχων ὧν ἄρχουσιν ἕκαστοι, μηδὲ κατὰ θάλασσαν, ἢν μὴ ψηφισαμένων τῶν πόλεων ἁπασῶν τὴν δίοδον εἶναι, Ἀθηναίων καὶ Ἀργείων καὶ Μαντινέων καὶ Ἠλείων.
They shall not permit armed men to pass through their own territory or that of the allies over whom each rules for purposes of war, nor by sea, unless all the cities—the Athenians, Argives, Mantineans, and Eleans—have voted to allow the passage.
§5.47.6τοῖς δὲ βοηθοῦσιν ἡ πόλις ἡ πέμπουσα παρεχέτω μέχρι μὲν τριάκοντα ἡμερῶν σῖτον, ἐπὴν ἔλθωσιν ἐς τὴν πόλιν τὴν ἐπαγγείλασαν βοηθεῖν, καὶ ἀπιοῦσι κατὰ ταὐτά·
The city sending aid shall provide provisions for its troops for up to thirty days from the time they arrive at the city that requested the aid, and the same on their return.
ἢν δὲ πλέονα βούληται χρόνον τῇ στρατιᾷ χρῆσθαι, ἡ πόλις ἡ μεταπεμψαμένη διδότω σῖτον, τῷ μὲν ὁπλίτῃ καὶ ψιλῷ καὶ τοξότῃ τρεῖς ὀβολοὺς Αἰγιναίους τῆς ἡμέρας ἑκάστης, τῷ δ’ ἱππεῖ δραχμὴν Αἰγιναίαν.
If the city that sent for the army wishes to employ it for a longer time, that city shall provide them with provisions at the rate of three Aeginetan obols a day for each hoplite, light-armed soldier, and archer, and an Aeginetan drachma for each horseman.
§5.47.7ἡ δὲ πόλις ἡ μεταπεμψαμένη 〈τῇ στρατιᾷ〉 τὴν ἡγεμονίαν ἐχέτω, ὅταν ἐν τῇ αὑτῆς ὁ πόλεμος ᾖ· ἢν δέ ποι δόξῃ 〈ἁπάσαις 〉 ταῖς πόλεσι κοινῇ στρατεύεσθαι, τὸ ἴσον τῆς ἡγεμονίας μετεῖναι ἁπάσαις ταῖς πόλεσιν.
The city that sent for the army shall have the command when the war is in its own territory; but if the cities decide to make a joint expedition anywhere, the command shall be shared equally among all the cities.
§5.47.8ὀμόσαι δὲ τὰς σπονδὰς Ἀθηναίους μὲν ὑπέρ τε σφῶν αὐτῶν καὶ τῶν ξυμμάχων, Ἀργεῖοι δὲ καὶ Μαντινῆς καὶ Ἠλεῖοι καὶ οἱ ξύμμαχοι τούτων κατὰ πόλεις ὀμνύντων.
The Athenians shall swear to the treaty on behalf of themselves and their allies; the Argives, Mantineans, Eleans, and their allies shall swear city by city.
ὀμνύντων δὲ τὸν ἐπιχώριον ὅρκον ἕκαστοι τὸν μέγιστον κατὰ ἱερῶν τελείων.
They shall each take the most solemn oath customary in their country over full-grown victims.
ὁ δὲ ὅρκος ἔστω ὅδε· “ἐμμενῶ τῇ ξυμμαχίᾳ κατὰ τὰ ξυγκείμενα δικαίως καὶ ἀβλαβῶς καὶ ἀδόλως, καὶ οὐ παραβήσομαι τέχνῃ οὐδὲ μηχανῇ οὐδεμιᾷ. ” §5.47.9ὀμνύντων δὲ Ἀθήνησι μὲν ἡ βουλὴ καὶ αἱ ἔνδημοι ἀρχαί, ἐξορκούντων δὲ οἱ πρυτάνεις· ἐν Ἄργει δὲ ἡ βουλὴ καὶ οἱ ὀγδοήκοντα καὶ οἱ ἀρτῦναι, ἐξορκούντων δὲ οἱ ὀγδοήκοντα· ἐν δὲ Μαντινείᾳ οἱ δημιουργοὶ καὶ ἡ βουλὴ καὶ αἱ ἄλλαι ἀρχαί, ἐξορκούντων δὲ οἱ θεωροὶ καὶ οἱ πολέμαρχοι· ἐν δὲ Ἤλιδι οἱ δημιουργοὶ καὶ οἱ τὰ τέλη ἔχοντες καὶ οἱ ἑξακόσιοι, ἐξορκούντων δὲ οἱ δημιουργοὶ καὶ οἱ θεσμοφύλακες.
The oath shall be as follows: "I will abide by the alliance according to the terms agreed upon, justly, harmlessly, and without fraud, and I will not transgress it by any art or device whatsoever." At Athens, the Council and the resident magistrates shall take the oath, and the Prytanes shall administer it; at Argos, the Council, the Eighty, and the Artynae, and the Eighty shall administer it; at Mantinea, the Demiourgoi, the Council, and the other magistrates, and the Theoroi and the Polemarchs shall administer it; at Elis, the Demiourgoi, the magistrates, and the Six Hundred, and the Demiourgoi and the Thesmophylakes shall administer it.
§5.47.10ἀνανεοῦσθαι δὲ τοὺς ὅρκους Ἀθηναίους μὲν ἰόντας ἐς Ἦλιν καὶ ἐς Μαντίνειαν καὶ ἐς Ἄργος τριάκοντα ἡμέραις πρὸ Ὀλυμπίων, Ἀργείους δὲ καὶ Ἠλείους καὶ Μαντινέας ἰόντας Ἀθήναζε δέκα ἡμέραις πρὸ Παναθηναίων τῶν μεγάλων.
The oaths shall be renewed by the Athenians going to Elis, Mantinea, and Argos thirty days before the Olympic games, and by the Argives, Eleans, and Mantineans going to Athens ten days before the Great Panathenaia.
§5.47.11τὰς δὲ ξυνθήκας τὰς περὶ τῶν σπονδῶν καὶ τῶν ὅρκων καὶ τῆς ξυμμαχίας ἀναγράψαι ἐν στήλῃ λιθίνῃ Ἀθηναίους μὲν ἐν πόλει, Ἀργείους δὲ ἐν ἀγορᾷ ἐν τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος τῷ ἱερῷ, Μαντινέας δὲ ἐν τοῦ Διὸς τῷ ἱερῷ ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ· καταθέντων δὲ καὶ Ὀλυμπίασι στήλην χαλκῆν κοινῇ Ὀλυμπίοις τοῖς νυνί.
The treaty, the oaths, and the alliance shall be inscribed on a stone stele: by the Athenians on the Acropolis, by the Argives in the marketplace in the temple of Apollo, and by the Mantineans in the temple of Zeus in the marketplace; they shall also set up a bronze stele in common at Olympia at the present Olympic games.
§5.47.12ἐὰν δέ τι δοκῇ ἄμεινον εἶναι ταῖς πόλεσι ταύταις προσθεῖναι πρὸς τοῖς ξυγκειμένοις, ὅτι [δ᾽] ἂν δόξῃ ταῖς πόλεσιν ἁπάσαις κοινῇ βουλευομέναις, τοῦτο κύριον εἶναι. ’
If it should seem better to these cities to make any addition to the terms agreed upon, whatever seems good to all the cities consulting in common shall be valid."'

Notes

  1. 5.47.1σπονδὰς ἐποιήσαντο... ἑκατὸν ἔτη — "ἑκατὸν ἔτη" is an accusative of duration of time ("for a hundred years"). The verb "ἐποιήσαντο" is in the middle voice, meaning "they made for themselves (a treaty)."
  2. 5.47.2ὅπλα δὲ μὴ ἐξέστω ἐπιφέρειν — The third-person singular imperative "ἐξέστω" of the impersonal verb "ἔξεστι" (it is permitted) governs the infinitive "ἐπιφέρειν". The negative "μή" is used because it is an imperative construction.
  3. 5.47.3κατὰ τάδε ξυμμάχους εἶναι — The infinitive "εἶναι" functions as an "imperative infinitive," which is characteristic of official documents and treaties to express a command or obligation.
  4. 5.47.3ἢν δὲ δῃώσαντες οἴχωνται — The participle "δῃώσαντες" combined with "οἴχωνται" is a supplementary participle that emphasizes the action of departing after having completed the ravaging ("depart after having ravaged").
  5. 5.47.5ἢν μὴ ψηφισαμένων τῶν πόλεων ἁπασῶν — "ψηφισαμένων τῶν πόλεων ἁπασῶν" is a genitive absolute construction embedded within the conditional clause "ἢν μὴ", expressing an exception ("unless all the cities have voted").
  6. 5.47.6ἐπὴν ἔλθωσιν... καὶ ἀπιοῦσι κατὰ ταὐτά — The dative participle "ἀπιοῦσι" (upon departing) corresponds to the temporal clause "ἐπὴν ἔλθωσιν" (when they arrive), functionally acting as a temporal dative to indicate the time of departure.
  7. 5.47.10τριάκοντα ἡμεραις πρὸ Ὀλυμπίων — The dative "τριάκοντα ἡμέραις" is a dative of measure of difference, indicating the extent of the temporal interval ("thirty days before the Olympic games").

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §5.47.1-5.47.12. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:5.47.1-5.47.12

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.