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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §4.30.1-4.30.4

The Burning of the Woods and Preparations to Land

Passage 395 of 917 · Greek

Summary

Demosthenes, recalling his bitter defeat in Aetolia due to dense forests, benefits from an accidental fire that burns down most of Sphacteria's woods, exposing the enemy's true strength and making landing easier. Cleon then arrives with reinforcements, and together they send a herald to the Spartan mainland camp, proposing the peaceful surrender of the troops trapped on the island.

§4.30.1ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ Αἰτωλικοῦ πάθους, ὃ διὰ τὴν ὕλην μέρος τι ἐγένετο, οὐχ ἥκιστα αὐτὸν ταῦτα ἐσῄει.
For these thoughts occurred to him not least because of the disaster in Aetolia, which had been caused in some measure by the forest.
§4.30.2τῶν δὲ στρατιωτῶν ἀναγκασθέντων διὰ τὴν στενοχωρίαν τῆς νήσου τοῖς ἐσχάτοις προσίσχοντας ἀριστοποιεῖσθαι διὰ προφυλακῆς καὶ ἐμπρήσαντός τινος κατὰ μικρὸν τῆς ὕλης ἄκοντος καὶ ἀπὸ τούτου πνεύματος ἐπιγενομένου τὸ πολὺ αὐτῆς ἔλαθε κατακαυθέν.
But when the soldiers were forced, owing to the narrowness of the island, to land at the outermost parts and take their lunch under guard, and someone set fire to a small part of the wood accidentally, and a wind subsequently arose from this, the greater part of it was burnt down before they were aware of it.
§4.30.3οὕτω δὴ τούς τε Λακεδαιμονίους μᾶλλον κατιδὼν πλείους ὄντας, ὑπονοῶν πρότερον ἐλάσσοσι τὸν σῖτον αὐτοῦ ἐσπέμπειν, τήν τε νῆσον εὐαποβατωτέραν οὖσαν, τότε ὡς ἐπ᾽ ἀξιόχρεων τοὺς Ἀθηναίους μᾶλλον σπουδὴν ποιεῖσθαι τὴν ἐπιχείρησιν παρεσκευάζετο, στρατιάν τε μεταπέμπων ἐκ τῶν ἐγγὺς ξυμμάχων καὶ τὰ ἄλλα ἑτοιμάζων.
Thus, having clearly seen that the Lacedaemonians were more numerous—whereas he had previously suspected that they were sending food there for fewer men—and that the island was easier to land upon, he then prepared for the attempt, so that the Athenians might make an effort more worthy of the task, sending for troops from the neighboring allies and getting everything else ready.
§4.30.4Κλέων δὲ ἐκείνῳ τε προπέμψας ἄγγελον ὡς ἥξων καὶ ἔχων στρατιὰν ἣν ᾐτήσατο, ἀφικνεῖται ἐς Πύλον.
Cleon, having sent a messenger ahead to Demosthenes to say that he was coming with the army which had been requested, arrived at Pylos.
καὶ ἅμα γενόμενοι πέμπουσι πρῶτον ἐς τὸ ἐν τῇ ἠπείρῳ στρατόπεδον κήρυκα, προκαλούμενοι, εἰ βούλοιντο, ἄνευ κινδύνου τοὺς ἐν τῇ νήσῳ ἄνδρας σφίσι τά τε ὅπλα καὶ σφᾶς αὐτοὺς κελεύειν παραδοῦναι, ἐφ’ ᾧ φυλακῇ τῇ μετρίᾳ τηρήσονται, ἕως ἄν τι περὶ τοῦ πλέονος ξυμβαθῇ.
When they met, they first sent a herald to the camp on the mainland, proposing that, if they wished, they should order the men on the island to surrender themselves and their arms without risk, on the condition that they should be kept under moderate guard until some agreement should be made about the main question.

Notes

  1. 4.30.2προσίσχοντας — Although it is placed within the genitive absolute construction τῶν δὲ στρατιωτῶν ἀναγκασθέντων (where one might expect the genitive form προσισχόντων), the accusative participle προσίσχοντας is used because it functions as the subject of the infinitive ἀριστοποιεῖσθαι.
  2. 4.30.2ἔλαθε κατακαυθέν — The construction of the verb λανθάνω with a participle (here the aorist passive participle κατακαυθέν) expresses that the action happens without the subject's (or others') awareness; meaning 'the greater part of it was burnt down before they knew it.'
  3. 4.30.3ὡς ἐπ᾽ ἀξιόχρεων — The conjunction ὡς marks subjective purpose or intention ('as if towards...'), modifying the prepositional phrase ἐπ’ ἀξιόχρεων (the neuter accusative of ἀξιόχρεως, 'worthy, sufficient'). It indicates that Demosthenes intended the Athenians to view the enterprise as a truly worthy challenge and put serious effort into it.
  4. 4.30.4ἐφ’ ᾧ ... τηρήσονται — The conjunction ἐφ’ ᾧ (introducing a condition, 'on the condition that') is followed by the future indicative τηρήσονται, expressing the terms and conditions of custody under which the proposed surrender would take place.

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §4.30.1-4.30.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:4.30.1-4.30.4

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