Humanitext Reader

Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §4.18.1-4.18.5

Spartan Warning Against Overconfidence and Advice for Peace

Passage 383 of 917 · Greek

Summary

The Lacedaemonian envoys warn the Athenians not to overrely on their current good fortune, pointing to their own sudden reversal of fate. They emphasize that war is unpredictable and that making peace while successful is the only way to secure a lasting reputation for wisdom and strength.

§4.18.1γνῶτε δὲ καὶ ἐς τὰς ἡμετέρας νῦν ξυμφορὰς ἀπιδόντες, οἵτινες ἀξίωμα μέγιστον τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἔχοντες ἥκομεν παρ’ ὑμᾶς, πρότερον αὐτοὶ κυριώτεροι νομίζοντες εἶναι δοῦναι ἐφ’ ἃ νῦν ἀφιγμένοι ὑμᾶς αἰτούμεθα.
And recognize this also by looking at our present misfortunes, we who, possessing the greatest prestige among the Hellenes, have come to you, though formerly we thought ourselves more authorized to bestow those very things for which we have now come to petition you.
§4.18.2καίτοι οὔτε δυνάμεως ἐνδείᾳ ἐπάθομεν αὐτὸ οὔτε μείζονος προσγενομένης ὑβρίσαντες, ἀπὸ δὲ τῶν αἰεὶ ὑπαρχόντων γνώμῃ σφαλέντες, ἐν ᾧ πᾶσι τὸ αὐτὸ ὁμοίως ὑπάρχει.
And yet we suffered this neither from lack of power, nor because we grew insolent when greater power was added to us, but because we erred in judgment while relying on what we always possessed—a liability which is equally common to all.
§4.18.3ὥστε οὐκ εἰκὸς ὑμᾶς διὰ τὴν παροῦσαν νῦν ῥώμην πόλεώς τε καὶ τῶν προσγεγενημένων καὶ τὸ τῆς τύχης οἴεσθαι αἰεὶ μεθ’ ὑμῶν ἔσεσθαι.
So it is not reasonable for you to think, because of the present strength of your city and your recent acquisitions, that fortune will also always be on your side.
§4.18.4σωφρόνων δὲ ἀνδρῶν οἵτινες τἀγαθὰ ἐς ἀμφίβολον ἀσφαλῶς ἔθεντο (καὶ ταῖς ξυμφοραῖς οἱ αὐτοὶ εὐξυνετώτερον ἂν προσφέροιντο), τόν τε πόλεμον νομίσωσι μὴ καθ’ ὅσον ἄν τις αὐτοῦ μέρος βούληται μεταχειρίζειν, τούτῳ ξυνεῖναι, ἀλλ’ ὡς ἂν αἱ τύχαι αὐτῶν ἡγήσωνται· καὶ ἐλάχιστ’ ἂν οἱ τοιοῦτοι πταίοντες διὰ τὸ μὴ τῷ ὀρθουμένῳ αὐτοῦ πιστεύοντες ἐπαίρεσθαι ἐν τῷ εὐτυχεῖν ἂν μάλιστα καταλύοιντο.
Indeed, it is the mark of wise men to secure their advantages safely as something unstable (and such men would also face misfortunes more prudently), and to consider that war is not something that one can engage with only so far as one wishes to handle a part of it, but that it goes as fortunes lead it; and such men, stumbling least of all because they do not elevate themselves by trusting in the successful parts of war, would make peace especially while they are still successful.
§4.18.5ὃ νῦν ὑμῖν, ὦ Ἀθηναῖοι, καλῶς ἔχει πρὸς ἡμᾶς πρᾶξαι,καὶ μή ποτε ὕστερον, ἢν ἄρα μὴ πειθόμενοι σφαλῆτε, ἃ πολλὰ ἐνδέχεται, νομισθῆναι τύχῃ καὶ τὰ νῦν προχωρήσαντα κρατῆσαι, ἐξὸν ἀκίνδυνον δόκησιν ἰσχύος καὶ ξυνέσεως ἐς τὸ ἔπειτα καταλιπεῖν.
This is what you, O Athenians, now have a fine opportunity to do in relation to us, so that you may not later, if you should fail through not being persuaded—as may easily happen in many ways—be thought to have achieved even your present successes by mere chance, when you had it in your power to leave behind a secure reputation for strength and wisdom for the future.

Notes

  1. 4.18.1οἵτινες — The relative pronoun οἵτινες refers to the implied first-person plural subject (we) of the main clause, introducing an explanatory or concessive relative clause. The subsequent nominative participle νομίζοντες also agrees with this structure.
  2. 4.18.1κυριώτεροι εἶναι δοῦναι — κυριώτεροι is the comparative of the adjective κύριος (authorized, master of). The infinitive δοῦναι is an infinitive of limitation (specification) modifying the adjective, indicating that they were 'more authorized to bestow' or 'had greater control over giving'.
  3. 4.18.2μείζονος προσγενομένης — A genitive absolute construction with δυνάμεως (power) implied. It means 'greater power having been added', explaining the occasion or cause for the subsequent participle ὑβρίσαντες (becoming insolent).
  4. 4.18.4σωφρόνων δὲ ἀνδρῶν — A possessive genitive construction with the impersonal εἶναι omitted. It is translated as 'it is the mark of wise men to...' or 'wise men are those who...' The subsequent relative clause (οἵτινες ... νομίσωσι) depends semantically on this genitive.
  5. 4.18.5ἐξόν — An accusative absolute of the impersonal verb ἔξεστι (it is possible), using the neuter singular present participle. It functions concessively, meaning 'although it is possible to...' or 'when there is an opportunity to...'

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §4.18.1-4.18.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:4.18.1-4.18.5

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.